1、Unit 4 Body languageUseful words and expressions选择性必修一1. in our interactions with other people 在我们与他人的相互交流在我们与他人的相互交流/影响中影响中p interaction (with, between, among, of) C & U 交流，交流， 沟通；相互作用、影响沟通；相互作用、影响/、配合、合作、配合、合作 pinteract (with sb./sth. ) (与与) 相互交流相互交流/交往交往/相互往来、相互往来、影响影响/作用作用pinteractive (leaching
2、methods) adj. 相互交流、合作、相互交流、合作、影响的；互动的影响的；互动的 （教学方式）（教学方式） Often the development groups have little _ common and no interaction _ one another.inter- 前缀, 构成n./ v. /adj./adv. 相互； 在之间inwith_ (increase) interaction _ different police forces / _ people from other departments would improve the rate of solv
3、ing crimes. Price is determined _ the interaction _ demand and supply. He is studying the way _ _children interact _ each other at different ages. The school believes _ interactive teaching methods. Dinnertime is a good time _ parents and children _ (interact).Increasedbetweenwiththroughof/between(i
4、n which)withinforto interact(that)2. the way people (that/in which) they hold their arms 人们人们握紧手臂的方式握紧手臂的方式3. vary from culture/person/area to culture/person/area 因文化、人、地区而异因文化、人、地区而异pvary (=differ) fromto 由由到到不同不同 / 变化变化pvary (=differ) in price/size/weight /color/shape 在在方面不同方面不同pvary with / accord
5、ing to / depending on (size/the season/weather) 伴随根据伴随根据而变化而变化vary vi. (varies, varied, varied, varying)pvary (widely/greatly/considerably/enormously/slightly) 差异、变化很大、很小差异、变化很大、很小pa variety/diversity of.= varities of. 各种各样的各种各样的pvarious/diverse adj. 各种各样的各种各样的pvaried adj. 各种各样的各种各样的(=many different
6、 kinds of, diverse); 多变的多变的 (=changeable) The land varies _ height _ 700 metres above sea level _ over 2,000 meters and is home _ a great diversity of plants and animals.infromtoto Prices/Charges vary _ size/ the seasons/weather Test scores _ （各校不同）（各校不同）. Opinions vary _ this point/matter. 4. The c
7、rucial thing is using body language in a way _ is appropriate to the culture you are in.复合句，斜体字部分为动名词短语作表语，其中划线部分复合句，斜体字部分为动名词短语作表语，其中划线部分为两个定语从句。为两个定语从句。pappropriate formal adj. 合适的合适的, ,恰当的恰当的(suitable , right or correct for a particular situatioan, purpose) vary from school to schoolwith/accordin
8、g to/depending ononthat/whichpappropriately adv. 合适地合适地,恰当地恰当地 pinappropriate adj. 不合适的，不恰当的不合适的，不恰当的pbe appropriate to/ for sb/sth 适合某人适合某人/某物某物 =be suitable for sb/sthpIt is appropriate (for sb) to do sth 做某事是合适的做某事是合适的pIt is appropriate that.主从主从 .是合适的是合适的pan appropriate time/place (for a picnic/
9、to mention the matter) 适合做某事的时间、地方适合做某事的时间、地方 =a suitable/right time/place (.) The movies _ (适合的适合的) all ages/young children. There may come a time when _ is appropriate to cut jobs. The government has been accused of not responding _ (appropriate) to the needs of the homeless. Now that the problem
10、has _ (identify), appropriate action can _ (take). _ (是是完全适合的完全适合的) his music should be played at this festival.is appropriate for/toitappropriatelybeen identifiedIt is entirely appropriate thatbe taken5. For example, making eye contactlooking into someones eyesin some countries is a way to display
11、interest.1) make/avoid/maitain eye contact (with sb)（与某人）进行、避免、保持（与某人）进行、避免、保持眼神交流眼神交流pmake/lose/keep in contact with sbp=get in/lose/keep in/stay in touch with sb 与某人取得、失去、保持联系与某人取得、失去、保持联系2) look into someones eyes 看着别人的眼睛看着别人的眼睛3) be a way to display interest 表现兴趣的一种方式表现兴趣的一种方式pdisplay vt. 展示，陈列展
12、示，陈列 (to sb) (show, exhibit, showcase) 显示，显露（情绪显示，显露（情绪, 特性特性）(show)； 显示（信息）显示（信息）(show) C 展览，展示展览，展示, 陈列（品）陈列（品）(exhibiton, exhibit)； 表演；表演； （情绪，（情绪， 特性）流露特性）流露(show, display, exhibition)p (be/sth) on display/show 正正在（被）展览（的）（表状在（被）展览（的）（表状态）态）pgo on display/show （开始）被展览（开始）被展览 （表非延续性动作）（表非延续性动作）pp
13、ut/place sth. on display/show （开始）展览（开始）展览/展出某物展出某物=(begin to) show(case)/display/exhibit sth（表非延续性动（表非延续性动作）作）pput on a (super) firework(s) display 举行举行（精彩的）烟花表演（精彩的）烟花表演pbe treated to a (unique/impressive/fine.) display/ exhibition of tennis/art 被邀请观看网球被邀请观看网球/艺术表演，大饱眼福艺术表演，大饱眼福pa display of affec
14、tion/strength/wealth 爱爱/力量力量/财富的流露财富的流露/展示展示 The exhibition gives local artists an opporunty _ (display) their work / art talent. We _（对对.表现出极表现出极大兴趣）大兴趣） the exhibition when visiting the museum. We were treated to a _ （精彩展示）（精彩展示）the footballers speed and skill. They always_ (put on/go on) a huge p
15、ublic firework display _ National Day. Its the first time the paintings _ local young artists _ (display) to the public.to displaydisplayed/showed great interest in super/fine display/exhibition ofbyhave been displayedput onon The paintings that David donated to the school _ (正在被展出正在被展出) in the asse
16、mbly(议会议会) hall. Local antigues (古董古董) will _ _（被展出）（被展出） in a new building especially built for the collection. The photographs will _（被展出）被展出） until the end of the month. The musical talent _（被展示的）（被展示的） is extremely impressiveare on display/show / are being shown/displayed/exhibitedbe on display/
17、showbe on display/show/go on /be put on display/showon display/show6. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 相反，截然不同，形成反差相反，截然不同，形成反差/对照对照, . By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. (Para. 4, L3) 比较而言比较而言/起来起来.1) by/in
18、 contrast (to/with sb/sth.) （与（与.）形成反差）形成反差/对照对照, 相反相反（作状语，句首、中、尾）（作状语，句首、中、尾）pby comparison (with sb/sth/) (与与)相比较相比较/比较起来比较起来 （比较、相对而言）（比较、相对而言） = in comparison (with/to sb/sth) =(when/as) compared to/with 和和比比pbe beyond/without comparsion 与无伦比与无伦比 The coastal areas have mild winters, but _ the ce
19、ntral plains become extremely cold. _ the coastal area which/that have mild winters, the central plains become extremely cold. _ London, Paris is small. My last job was so boring that this one seems great _. The birth rate for older women has declined, but _, births to teenage mothers have increased
20、. This one costs more but is cheaper _. _ his brother, he is very tall.By/In contrast to/with by/in contrastby/in contrastBy/In comparison with by/in comparson by/in comparison By/In contrast to/with By/In comparison with （前者指兄弟俩高度形成反差（前者指兄弟俩高度形成反差, 他兄弟非常矮，他兄弟非常矮，后者指他相对他兄弟很高后者指他相对他兄弟很高, 不是绝对高不是绝对高）
21、2) approve of sb/sth / of (sb/sbs) doing sth vi. 赞成赞成 /认可认可/满意满意/喜欢喜欢 (某人某人/事事) /做某事做某事 =agree withpapprove sth. (a plan/decision/bill/proposal) vt. 批准批准, 通过通过p=give (sbs) approval to (.) 批准批准.pmeet with/win/earn sbs approval 受到受到/赢得某人的赞同赢得某人的赞同 p(nod/smile/watch) in approval/approvingly 赞许地（点头赞许地（点
22、头/微笑微笑/看着）看着）p(do sth) without sbs approval 未经某人同意（做某事未经某人同意（做某事）p(give) an approving nod/smile/glance 赞许的（点头赞许的（点头/微笑微笑/一瞥）一瞥）p(disapprove of., disapprove sth, disapproval) Her parents now _ her marriage/choice/ idea. I dont _ (his/him) smoking in bed. people who smoke in bed. people (s) smoking in
23、 bed. The Medical Research Council has _ the use of a new drug for breast cancer. The equipment must be bought from a supplier _ by the company. Funding is available for _ courses. The professor made no comment about the speech, but gave an _ nod. nodded in _. nodeded at me _.approve of approve of a
24、pproved approved approved approving approval approvingly 7. .are not socially permitted/allowed to make eye contact (with each other) （男女）社交上是不允许彼此目光交流的（男女）社交上是不允许彼此目光交流的8. In Japan, _ may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.简单句，句中简单句，句中it为为_语，语，斜体字部分为动词不定式斜体字部分为动词不定式短语作
25、短语作_语语, , 其中其中when talking.为现在分词短语作为现在分词短语作to look down 的的时间状语时间状语pdemonstrate vt. 展示展示/表现表现/表达表达/表露出表露出（能力（能力/品质品质/感情）感情） (an/ones ability/talent/commitment) (sth./wh-从句从句)(display, show) it 真正主真正主 形式主形式主 证明，证实，证明，证实， 说明说明 (prove, show) sth (to sb) sb/sth to be adj./n. that/wh-从句从句) It is desmonstr
26、ated that.主从主从 演示，示范演示，示范(show, decrible or explain) sth (to sb) how it works/how to work it 示威，游行示威，游行 (protest, support) against sth in favor/support of sth The contest gave her a chance to demonstrate her ability / her musical talents / her commitment to win.9. In Japan, someone who witnesses ano
27、ther person employing the gesture might think it means money. 复合句，含有关系代词复合句，含有关系代词whowho 引导定从和省略的连词引导定从和省略的连词thatthat引导宾从。其中划线部分为现在分词短语作宾补。引导宾从。其中划线部分为现在分词短语作宾补。1) witness vt. 亲眼看见（目睹，目击）亲眼看见（目睹，目击） (a crime/accident/) vt. 经历经历, 见证见证; 是（某事）发生的时间、地点、是（某事）发生的时间、地点、国家国家 (an event/increase/growth/develo
28、pment/change) (experience) C目击者目击者 (witnesses to the accident/killing) The new Peoples Republic of China saw/witnessed Dr Lin Qiaozhi _ (play) a key role. Several residents claim/are said_ (witness) the accident/murder/robbery/scene/attack. Recent years have _ enormous growth in economy. A. displaye
29、d B. viewed C. advanced D. witnessedto have witnessedplaying D 2) employ a guesture / a tool / a method / a technique/ force / ones spare time (in doing /as sth/to do sth) 使用，利用使用，利用(=use, make use of)pemploy sb. to do sth. 雇佣某人做雇佣某人做pemploy sb. as sb / for sth.雇佣某人担任雇佣某人担任/从事从事pbe employed in (doin
30、g) sth 从事，忙于做；从事，忙于做； 被用来做被用来做p(look for/find/offer) (part-time/full-time/paid) employ-ment U（寻找（寻找/找到找到/提供提供) （兼职（兼职/全职全职/带薪）带薪）工作工作/职业职业pbe in/out of employment 在就业、失业在就业、失业 pemployer C 雇主雇主 pemployee C 雇员雇员hire for a long time 3) gesture C & U （手（手/头头/脸）姿势，脸）姿势， 手势；手势； 示意动作示意动作 v. 打手势打手势 pmake a
31、gesture/sign at sb (with a finger) 对某人做个手势对某人做个手势p(shake ones head) in/with a guesture of (impatience) 用（不耐烦的）姿势用（不耐烦的）姿势pgesture for/to sb to do sth 示意某人做某事示意某人做某事p=sign/signal to/for sb to do sthpgesture at/to/toward sb/sth 示意某人；示意某人；指着某人、物指着某人、物pcommunicate by gesture 通过手势交流通过手势交流10. In France, a
32、 person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.1) identical adj. 相同的相同的pbe identical to/with sb/sth 与与.完全一样、相同完全一样、相同 =be the same as.pbe identical in sth. 在某方面完全一样、相同在某方面完全一样、相同pthe identical (+n.)= exctly the same. 同一的同一的p(be dressed) identically adv. 相同地（穿着）相同地（穿着） Thi
33、s house is almost identical _ the one where I lived as a child. =This is _ identical house where I lived as child. The sisters were identical _ appearance and character.to/with in the 2) interpret .as. 把把理解、解释、领会为理解、解释、领会为. p interpret for sb. 为某人口头翻译为某人口头翻译 p interpret a text/peom (accurately) （精确）
34、解释，说明（精确）解释，说明p =put an (accurate) interpretation on (a text/peom) =explain (the meaning of.) (accurately)p interpreter C 口译工作者；口译译员口译工作者；口译译员 His refusal _ (work) late _ （被理解为）（被理解为） a lack of commitment _ the company.11. However, you should avoid making this guesture in Brazil and Germany, as it i
35、s not considered polite.p avoid sb/sp/sth/doing sth 躲避躲避（某人）（某人）， 避开（某地、避开（某地、事、物）；避免，防止某事、做某事事、物）；避免，防止某事、做某事to work was/is interpreted as to pnarrowly avoid defeat/an accident/hitting the deer 险些被击败、出事、撞着那头鹿险些被击败、出事、撞着那头鹿pavoid (speaking to) a stranger/(driving in) the centre of town / the rush ho
36、ur 避开（跟）陌生人（说话）；避开（跟）陌生人（说话）； 避避开城市中心开城市中心 / 高峰期高峰期（开车）（开车） He managed to avoid _ (hit) by the other car. _ _ (avoid/miss) the last train, please check the last train times _ (post/display) in stations. Neighbors should do all they can _ _ (avoid/disturb) other people.being hit To avoid missing post
37、ed/displayed to avoid disturbing 12. Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.pdiffer (widely/greatly/significantly) vi. （很大）不同（很大）不同/ 不不一样，有一样，有（很大）（很大）区别区别 =be (very/significantly) differentpdiffer from . = be different from. 和和不同不同pdiffer in. = be different in. 在在方面不同方面
38、不同pdiffer between A and B 在在A和和B之间之间不同不同pdiffer/disagree with sb on/ about/ over sth 在某事上和某人有分歧在某事上和某人有分歧/异议异议 pmake a difference to sb/sth 对对有影响有影响/起作用起作用pdifferent(ly) adj. & adv. 不同的（地）不同的（地） Laws on pollution differ widely _ one country to _ / _ country _ country / _ the two countries. Humans di
39、ffer _ other mammals( (哺乳动物哺乳动物) ) _ their ability to speak. Since his retirement, Crowe has differed _ the President _ several issues. Experts/Opinions differ _ the causes of the disease. The twin brothers are alike/identical _ appearance but differ greatly _ character. There was one respect, howev
40、er, _ which they differed. from another from to from in with on/about/over/as to on/about/over/as to in in in between 13. There are also differences _ _ we touch each other, _ close we stand to someone we are talking to, and _ we act when we meet or part.复合句，含有三个连接副词复合句，含有三个连接副词how引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。Ho
41、wever, on TV and the radio you will hear differences _ the way people speak.ppart (from sb) 离开（某人）离开（某人）,（与某人）分别（与某人）分别, 分手分手, 分居分居ppart sb (from sb) vt. 把某人（与某人）分开，分离把某人（与某人）分开，分离pbe parted (from sb) （与某人）分开，分离（与某人）分开，分离 （表示被动动（表示被动动作或状态）作或状态） in how how how in how=the way She and her husband _（分手）
42、（分手） recently. She _（与（与.分手）分手） her husband recently. They exchanged a final kiss before _ (part). The war _ many men _ their families. （使（使.与与.分离）分离） The puppies(小狗崽儿小狗崽儿) _ (与与.分分离离) their mother at birth. _(与与.分开分开) his family made him feel homesick. She refused _ (与与.分开分开) her beloved cat.have p
43、arted has parted from parting parted from were parted from Being parted from to be parted from 14. .kiss their friends on the cheek whey they meet. 朋友见面时亲吻对方面颊朋友见面时亲吻对方面颊p vt + sb. in/ on/ by +the 身体部位身体部位 =vt + sbs 身体部位身体部位kiss sb on the cheek =kisses sbs cheek 吻某人的面颊吻某人的面颊touch sb on the shoulder/
44、arm. 触摸触摸/碰某人的肩膀碰某人的肩膀/手臂手臂 =touch her shoulder/arm.phit sb on the head/cheek/shoulder/arm击在某人的头击在某人的头.上上phit sb in the face/eye/stomach 击在某人的脸击在某人的脸.上上pcatch/take sb. by the arm/hand 抓住抓住/拉住拉住某人的手臂某人的手臂/手手plead sb by the nose/hand 牵着某人的鼻子（控制某人）、牵着某人的鼻子（控制某人）、手手15. Elsewhere, people favour shaking h
45、ands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.1) favor vt. 较较喜欢喜欢, 选择选择, 支持支持, 赞同赞同; 偏爱偏爱, 偏袒偏袒; 有利于有利于 U 帮助帮助, 恩惠恩惠, 好事好事；赞同；赞同, 赞许赞许, 支持支持; 偏爱偏爱pfavourable adj. 赞同的，有利的赞同的，有利的pfavoured adj. 受到宠爱的，得到偏爱的受到宠爱的，得到偏爱的pfavourite adj. 特别喜欢的特别喜欢的 C 特别喜欢的人特别喜欢的人/事物事物pfavour s
46、b/sth/doing sth (over sb/sth/doing sth) 较较喜欢（选择，喜欢（选择， 支持，赞同）（胜过）支持，赞同）（胜过）(prefer.)( to.)pdo sb/oneself a favour 帮某人一个忙帮某人一个忙; 照顾好自己照顾好自己 pask (sb) a favour (of sb) 请（某人）帮一个忙请（某人）帮一个忙powe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情欠某人一个人情preturn the favour 还人情还人情p(hire sb) as a favour to (his father). （做某事）以（做某事）以给某人给某人一个
47、面子一个面子p(be/speak/argue/decide) in favour of sb/sth. 支持支持 , 赞成赞成p(abandon sth/turn sth down) in favour of sth 为了获得为了获得（更好或更需要的事物）（更好或更需要的事物） （放弃、拒绝某事）（放弃、拒绝某事）p(work/operate) in sbs favour 对某人有利对某人有利pshow favour to sb 偏爱偏爱 Of the two possible plans I favor the first. In some countries people favor st
48、aying together even though there is much more space. A mother mustnt favor one of her children more than the others. Hot climate and plentiful rainfall favor the growth of plants. Could you do me a(n) (honor / favor) and turn off the light? Im all in favor of equal pay for equal work. He agrued/spok
49、e in (favour/support) of a strike.=prefer =prefer =show favor to 偏爱偏爱 =are favourable to/for _ =completely support 完全支持完全支持 _ 2) bow from the waist 弯腰鞠躬弯腰鞠躬 pbow (low/down) to/before sb. 向某人（深深地）鞠躬向某人（深深地）鞠躬3) nod (the head) 点头点头 (nodded, nodding)pnod at/to/towards sb 向某人点头（致意）向某人点头（致意） =give sb a n
50、od16. rest them (your hands) on the side of your head 把他们靠在头部一侧把他们靠在头部一侧prest /lean (A) against/on B （使（使A）倚靠）倚靠B He rested his head on my shoulder. 他把他的头靠着我的肩。他把他的头靠着我的肩。 His head rested on my shoulder.他的头靠在我的肩上。他的头靠在我的肩上。17. move your hand in circles over your stomach 用手在肚子上面绕圈按揉。用手在肚子上面绕圈按揉。(disc
