1、第 1 页 共 1 页2019 年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试试题【A】卷科目代码：806科目名称：综合考试考生须知考生须知1 答案须写在答题纸密封线内，写在试题卷、草稿纸等均视为无效。2 答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。3 交卷时，请本人将答题纸放入试题袋内，密封后在封条与试卷袋骑缝处亲笔签名。一、名词解释（每小题 5 分，共 6 小题，共 30 分）1.石牌制2.文化模式3.民族识别4.干栏建筑5.图腾崇拜6.追踪调查二、简答题（每小题 12 分，共 5 小题，共 60 分）1.民族区域自治政策有哪些优越性？2.简述斯大林的民族定义四要素。3.谈谈你对主位研究和客位研究的理解。4.简
2、述刀耕火种的生计方式。5.简述民族问题五种丛书的种类。三、论述题（每小题 20 分，共 2 小题，共 40 分）1.试述 1978 年以来中国民族学发生的重大变化以及四十年来的发展分期。2.试述民族学田野调查的具体方法，并分别进行介绍。四、请将以下英文翻译成中文（每小题 10 分，共 2 小题，共 20 分）1. The word ethnic is derived from the Greek work ethnikos, which translatesto mean“nations”in English. The word was initially applied to Europea
3、nimmigrants such as the Italians, Germans, Poles, and other national groups whocame to the United States in large numbers, especially between 1900 and 1925.Today, ethnicity is given a wider definition and many also refer to groupmembership based on religion, language, or region. Using the word in th
4、is sense,Jews, Mormons, Latinos, and white Southerners can be considered ethnic groups.2. The term culture means different things to different people. In the mindsof many people, it is associated with such activities as attending the opera,Listening to classical music, and going to art museums. The perspective linksculture to the wealthy, affluent, or upper classes and is referred to by somesociologists as elite culture. Thus, according to this definition, relativelyfew of us have culture. If you wanted to become part of this culture, you mightbegin by studying Mozart, Rembrandt, and Chaucer.
