1、青 岛 科 技 大 学二一七年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语注意事项：1本试卷共 4 道大题（共计 61 个小题），满分 150 分；2本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。 Part I Vocabulary and Grammar. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that is the most appropriate from the four choices given below. (30 point
2、s)1. What he has been saying is completely _ to what we are discussing. A. detached B. exceptional C. impertinent D. irrelevant2. They _ chance to make contact with outsiders.A. had almost no B. hardly had any C. hardly had no D. almost had no3. The fans have been waiting at the airport for many hou
3、rs to see the film star, but the airplane must have been _. A. off time B. on time C. behind schedule D. ahead of schedule4. I would have paid _ for my car if the salesman had insisted, because I really wanted it. A. as much twice B. twice as much C. much twice D. two times5. Danny told me his phone
4、 number many times _. A. and I yet couldnt remember it B. and yet I couldnt remember it C. and I couldnt remember it yet D. and I couldnt remember yet it6. The _ garden looks very beautiful. A. new-built B. built new C. newly-built D. newly building7. Mr. Steward is _ to our party. A. more pleased t
5、han to come B. more pleased to come than C. more than pleased to come D. more pleasing than to come8. Twenty workers have been this month already. A. laid out B. laid off C. laid up D. laid away9. A man who has always led an open-air life would find it difficult to in an office job. A. set in B. set
6、tle in C. set down D. settle down10. Three thousand students the examination every year but very few pass. A. are candidates for B. look for C. go for D. apply for11. The chairman his speech by thanking the staff for their hard work. A. wound up B. ran up C. made up D. put up12. Some of the tapes in
7、 the language lab have been and should be replaced. A. worn up B. worn off C. worn out D. worn down13. He lost his reputation and all his money, but his good friends him. A. stood aside B. stood by C. stood off D. stood out14. She after working for three months without a break. A. worn down B. run d
8、own C. brought down D. put down15. If you Bob, would you please tell him that I am looking for him? A. run over B. run after C. run into D. run down16. The teacher the students for their laziness. A. repelled B. relied C. reproached D. redeemed17. She is like a woman I knew 20 years ago. A. on earth
9、 B. exactly C. for all she is worth D. all the same18. I what to do or say. A. was at my brains end B. was at my wits end C. was at my wisdoms end D. was at my thoughts end19. This arrangement . A. suits me down to the ground B. is exactly what I dont want C. is what against my wish D. is the last t
10、hing I wanted 20. this fact, we are led to wonder if the man is still alive in the desert. A. According to B. In accordance with C. Considering D. In spite of21. The expert found this gem to be . A. scattered B. artificial C. inferior D. identical22. The scientist spent months on machine. A. a prope
11、r B. an elaborate C. a prosperous D. a bewildered23. After much research the engineer found solution to the problem. A. a simple B. a logical C. an ingenious D. a practical 24. Corruption among public servants in the local government of Milan was _ in the nations network. A. found B. detected C. exp
12、osed D. commented25. His wide _ of the newspaper world enabled him to make a success of his job as a sub-editor. A. career B. experiment C. experience D. profession26. Franklins talent as an inventor was matched by his _ as a statesman. A. identity B. recognition C. dedication D. ability27. Its a co
13、mmon expression to characterize something as “light as air”, but air is _ “light”. A. so B. rather C. hardly D. somewhat28. The project is not _ a failure. It is a success in some respects. A. altogether B. nevertheless C. but D. therefore29. Do you know the name of that _ insect? A. funny, little,
14、red, mosquito-like B. little, funny, red, mosquito-like C. red, little, funny, mosquito-like D. red, mosquito-like, funny, little30. “In the past ten years, there have been many changes in family life.” “Are these changes _?” A. for better or for worse B. for best or for worse C. for the good or for
15、 the bad D. for the better or for the worsePart II Reading Comprehension. Read the article carefully, and then, answer the questions in Section A, B and C. (50 points)A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, professional or religious group, or as a
16、member of a crowd. Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their c
17、apacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own. They become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, they are subject to sudden excesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a wo
18、rd, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. He is a victim of what I have called “herd-poisoning”. Like alcohol, herd-poison is an active, extravagant drug. The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality i
19、nto a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness.Reading is a private, not a collective activity. The writer speaks only to individuals, sitting by themselves in a state of normal sobriety. The rotator speaks to masses of individuals, already well-primed with herd-poison. They are at his mercy and, if he
20、knows his business, he can do what he likes with them. Unlike the masses, intellectuals have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts. Their critical habit of mind makes them resistant to the kind of propaganda that works so well on the majority. Intellectuals are the kind of people who dema
21、nd evidence and are shocked by logical inconsistencies and fallacies. They regard over-simplification as the original sin of the mind and have no use for slogans, the unqualified assertion and sweeping generalizations which are the propagandas stock-in-trade.Philosophy teaches us to feel uncertain a
22、bout the things that seem to us self-evident. Propaganda, on the other hand, teaches us to accept self-evident matters about which it would be reasonable to suspend our judgement or to feel doubt. The propagandist must, therefore, be consistently dogmatic. All his statements are made without qualifi
23、cation. There are no greys in his picture of the world; everything is either devilishly black or celestially white. He must never admit that he might be wrong or that people with different point of view might be particularly right. Opponents should not be argued with; they should be attacked, shoute
24、d down, or if they become too much of a nuisance, liquidated. Virtue and intelligence belong to human beings as individuals freely associating with other individuals in small groups. So do sin and stupidity. But the subhuman mindlessness to which the agitator makes his appeal, the moral imbecility o
25、n which he replies when he agitates his victims into action, are characteristic not of men and women in masses. Mindlessness and moral idiocy are not characteristically human attributes; they are symptoms of herd-poisoning. In all the world, higher religions, salvation and enlightenment are for indi
26、viduals. The kingdom of heaven is within the mind of a person, not within the collective mindlessness of a crowd.In an age of accelerating over-population, of accelerating over-organization and ever more efficient means of mass communication, how can we preserve the integrity and reassert the value
27、of the human individual? This is a question that can be too late to find an answer and perhaps impossible, in the oppressive collective climate of that future time, even to ask the question.Section A. Briefly answer the following questions. (20 points)31. Give a brief title to this essay. (2 points)
28、32. What is the main point of the first paragraph? Choose from the following: (1 points) A. Groups are not very different from individuals, but crowds certainly are very different from them. B. A man or a woman living in a society has to belong to either a group or a crowd. C. Herd-poison is like al
29、cohol. D. Crowds are more powerful than individuals.33. Is it likely that a writer will be a good leader of masses? Why? (3 points)34. Can there be a crowd of intellectuals and philosophers? Why? (3 points)35. There is one paragraph in the essay which tells us why the author discusses at such length
30、 the difference between individuals and masses. Which paragraph? (1 points)36. Look at paragraph 2, 3, 4 and 5. Two paragraphs in the essay discuss more or less the same point; the other two each have a different point. Which two have more or less the same point? Which two each have a different poin
31、t? (2 points)37. The following list are characteristic of individuals/groups and crowds/masses. Classify them accordingly. (5 points)Individuals/groups: Crowds/masses: A. Being easily influenced by public speeches. B. Having doubts about things that seem to be obviously right. C. Not tolerating any
32、opposition. D. Thinking things out logically, on the basis of evidence. E. Over-simplifying and generalizing. F. Virtue and intelligence. G. Sin and stupidity. H. Being unable to decide whether certain things are good or bad. I. Reading books. J. Having faith in a leader and obeying all his orders.3
33、8. In the last paragraph, the author mentions three factors which are increasing the power of masses in our age. What are these factors? (3 points)Section B. Look at paragraph 3 and 4. Choosing the best alternative (A, B, C or D) under each. (20 points)39. The first sentence of paragraph 3 suggests
34、that A. all individuals have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts. B. groups consist of intellectuals. C. intellectuals behave like individuals, not like members of a crowd. D. individuals are intellectuals.40. The majority of people A. resist propaganda. B. do not possess a critical hab
35、it of mind. C. work well with intellectuals. D. possess a critical habit of mind.41. Intellectuals are the kind of people who A. demand logical inconsistencies and fallacies. B. ignore faulty, logic and wrong belief. C. look for evidence in support of logical inconsistencies and fallacies. D. accept
36、 only those things which are logically consistent and well-supported by evidence.42. An unqualified assertion is A. a statement which does not allow for any conditions or exceptions. B. a statement made by a person who does not possess any qualifications. C. a statement which cannot be disproved. D.
37、 a statement which is made by a propagandist or a businessman.43. Slogans A. are used by individuals, just as over-simplifications are used by masses. B. are usually over-simplifications, unqualified assertions of sweeping generalizations. C. are of no use to the propagandist. D. are regarded as ove
38、r-simplifications by the masses.44. Philosophy teaches us A. to feel certain only about those things which seem self-evident. B. to feel certain only about those things that do not seem self-evident. C. to question even those things that are usually taken for granted. D. to feel uncertain about even
39、 those things that are well-supported by logically acceptable evidence.45. Propaganda teaches us A. to feel doubt about matters which are self-evident. B. to accept as reasonable matters which are self-evident. C. to suspend our judgement about matters which are self-evident. D. to accept without qu
40、estion even those matters which are not self-evident.46. The author mentions black, white and grey A. as representing bad, good and doubtful matters. B. as representing propagandists, philosophers and the common people. C. as being the basic colors in the world around us. D. as representing matters
41、that are clear and self-evident.47. A philosopher A. must never admit that he might be wrong. B. is willing to admit that he might be wrong. C. must be prepared that he might be wrong. D. must never admit that the propagandist might be right.48. The last sentence of paragraph 4 talks about arguing w
42、ith opponents, attacking them, shouting them down and liquidating them. The important distinction here is A. between arguing and the rest. B. between liquidating and the rest. C. between all these methods of treating opponents and philosophy. D. between propaganda and all these methods.Section C. Vo
43、cabulary. Match the words under A with the meanings under B. (10 points)A B49 propaganda (a) stubborn50 generalization (b) quality51 panic (c) confusion52 attribute (d) far-reaching statement based on only one 53 dogmatic or two instances 54 fallacy (e) unreasoning fear55 practical (f) false of mistaken idea, belief or opinion56 rage (g) blame57 rationality (h) as in heaven 58 celestially (i) the organized spreading of facts in such a way as to gain support for a particular point of view (j) great anger (k) making strong statements without proof (l) use of reason
