（2022新）人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册高二上学期重难点讲解(全册5份打包).rar

一 Reading and Thinking单词短语1. once and for all最终地；彻底地all at once 突然；同时at once 立刻，马上once and again 一而再，再三例句We have to resolve this matter once and for all.我们必须彻底地地解决这个问题。All at once there was someone knocking on the door.突然有人在敲门。He was punished once and again for telling lies.他因说谎而一次又一次受到惩罚。2. subscribevi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)subscribe to 同意；赞成；订阅subscribe.to. 把捐赠给；把签署在上例句In order to improve his daughters English, he subscribed to English Weekly.为了提高女儿的英语水平，他订阅了英语周刊 。He subscribed his name to the contract.他在合同上签了名。If you subscribe to the newspaper, itll be delivered to your door.如果你订阅这个报纸，它会给你送货上门的。3. suspectvt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事suspect sb. to be. 怀疑某人是例句I suspect him to be a pickpocket.我怀疑他是个扒手。I suspected the girl of lying to us.我怀疑那个女孩对我们撒谎。4. blamevt. 把归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责(1)be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人take the blame for sth. 对某事承担责任例句If that happens, the coach will take the blame for it.如果发生那样的事，教练将承担责任。You are not to blame. I cant put the blame on you.你不应受到责备，我不能把责任推到你身上。You shouldnt blame John for the failure.You shouldnt blame the failure on John.你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。5. linkn. 联系；纽带 vt. 把连接起来；相关联(1)link.to/with. 将和联系或连接起来link up 连接；结合link up with. 与联合；使与衔接(2)a link between A and B A 与 B 之间的联系例句The new tunnel links Britain to/with France.这条新隧道把英国与法国连接起来。The two spacecraft will link up with each other in orbit.这两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上相互连接。The country is linked to the town by a new bridge.有一座新桥把乡村和城镇连接起来。6. decreasen. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(1)on the decrease 在减少中a decrease in. 在方面减少(2)decrease to. 减少到decrease by. 减少了decrease from.to. 从减少到例句There is a decrease of nearly 7% in the number of visitors to the museum.参观博物馆的人数减少了近 7%。The accidents have decreased by 20% since the measure has been taken.自从采取措施以来，事故减少了 20%。Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals is on the decrease.由于人类的活动，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。注意decrease 的反义词 increase 的用法increase to 增加(长)到increase by 增加(长)了on the increase 在增加7. thanks to幸亏；由于because of 因为；由于as a result of 作为的结果；由于due to 因为；由于owing to 由于；因为的缘故例句As a result of the bad weather, the football match was put off.由于天气不好，足球比赛推迟了。The accident was due to his careless driving.这次事故是由于他驾驶疏忽造成的。Owing to your timely help, we finished the work ahead of time.由于你的及时帮助，我们提前完成了工作。8. transformvt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变(1)transform A into B 把 A 变成 Btransform sth. from A to B 使从 A 变成 B(2)transformation n. 改变；改革例句We must work hard so as to transform China into an advanced industrial country.我们必须努力工作，以便把中国变成一个先进的工业国家。A complete change of climate transformed the area from farmland to a desert.气候的彻底变化把这个地区从农田变成了沙漠。We are living in a time of social transformation.我们生活在一个社会变革的时代。重点句式1. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。句中 how to prevent or treat cholera 为“特殊疑问词不定式”结构，作动词 knew 的宾语。(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词 who，what，which 等和疑问副词 how，when，where 等。(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。(3)通常用在 tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss 等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。例句The teacher taught the students how they should do the experiment.The teacher taught the students how to do the experiment.老师教学生们如何做这个实验。The problem is where to put this computer.The problem is where we should put this computer.问题是我们该把这台电脑放在哪里。I have no idea what I can say about this.I have no idea what to say about this.我不知道该说什么。When we will start has not been decided.When to start has not been decided.什么时候动身还没有决定。2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10 天内就有 500 多人死亡。句中 so.that.意为“如此以至于” ，引导结果状语从句。(1)so+adj 或 adv.+that.so+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词+that.so+many/few+复数可数名词+that.so+much/little+不可数名词+that.(2)such+a(n)+adj.+单数可数名词+that.such+adj.+不可数名词+that.such+adj.+复数名词+that.例句It is so good a film that Id like to see it a second time.这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。She works so hard that we all respect her.她工作这么努力，我们都很敬佩她。She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.她是如此可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。It is such a heavy box that I cant lift it.It is so heavy a box that I cant lift it.这箱子太重了，我搬不起来。注意(1)little 表示“少”时用 so 修饰，但表示“小”时用 such 修饰。There was so little time left that we must hurry.时间不多了，我们要快一点。They are such little children that they cant understand it.他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。(2)在“so.that.”和“such.that.”结构中，当“so/such.”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。二 Using language单词短语1. pourvt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)pour in 涌进pour into 涌进pour out 倒出；涌出；倾诉pour out of. 从中涌出来pour down (雨)倾盆而降例句The rays of the sun poured in through the window.阳光透过窗户倾泻进来。The river pours into the sea.这条河流入大海。Sobbing, she poured out the whole story.她边哭边把事情原原本本地说了出来。He was seriously wounded. Blood poured out of the wound.他受了重伤，血从伤口涌出。2. break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发break in 强行进入；打断break through 突破；冲破break up 破碎；解散；分手break off 断开；中断；停顿break away from 逃脱；脱离break into 强行闯入；突然开始break down 出故障；垮掉例句He broke into my house and stole my money.他闯进我家偷了我的钱。The meeting broke up at eleven oclock.在 11 点钟散会。Once you join them, you can never break away from them.一旦你入了他们的伙，你就永远不能脱离他们。If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.如果你继续像那样工作的话，你迟早会累垮的。3. in charge of主管；掌管take charge of 掌管/负责in charge of 控制/管理free of charge 免费in sb.s chargein the charge of sb. 由主管(含被动意义)例句The company was badly organized until she took charge of it.公司管理很差，直到她掌管为止。The performers have all offered their services free of charge. 演员们都愿意免费出演。The company is in the charge of Tom when the boss is away.Tom is in charge of the company when the boss is away.当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。4. faultn. 弱点；过错find fault with sb. 挑剔某人；对某人吹毛求疵find fault in 看出的缺点；找出的毛病例句He is always finding fault with me, which makes me very angry.他总是找我的茬，这让我很生气。I cant find fault in your paper. It is perfect.我找不到你论文中的错误，很完美。重点句式Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。句中 no.greater.than 为“否定词形容词/副词比较级than”结构，表示最高级。表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：never比较级nothing/noso原级as.nothing/no比较级than.比较级thanany单数名词比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall (the) other复数名词比较级thananyone else比较级thanany of the other复数名词比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数名词例句I have never spent a more worrying day.我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。Tom is more intelligent than any other student/all the other students in his class.汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。Nothing is as/so important as(more important than) practice.实践最重要。三 Grammar表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。一般结构为“主语系动词表语从句” 。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem 等。1. 从属连词 that 引导的表语从句从属连词 that 的用法：无意义不充当成分不可省略The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed.他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。2. 从属连词 whether 引导的表语从句The point is whether we should lend him the money.关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。注意if 不能引导表语从句。3. 连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。This is what I am interested in.这就是我所感兴趣的。Thats where I first met her.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。4. because，as if/though 等引导的表语从句Its just because he doesnt know her.这仅仅是因为他不认识她。Now it seems as though she had known Millie for years.现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。5. why 和 because 引导的表语从句的区别Thats why.意为“那是的原因” ，强调结果Thats because.意为“那是因为” ，强调原因I didnt phone her, and thats why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。I didnt phone her, and thats because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。注意reason 作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用 that 引导，不宜用 because。6. 表语从句中的虚拟语气在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea 等，从句谓语形式是“should动词原形”(should 可以省略)。My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。四 Writing表达个人观点类作文文体指导表达个人观点类文章实际上大多数是议论文，有时是夹叙夹议类文章。写好该类作文要注意以下要点：1. 观点鲜明，文章一定要有一个明确的中心论点。2. 层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，层次要分明，过渡要自然。3. 最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。4. 通常采用一般现在时。5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。基本框架1. 开头开门见山，说明主题，并表明个人观点。2. 主体从不同的角度给出详细的论据支持。3. 结尾得出结论或重新强调自己的观点。常用词块1. attach great importance to高度重视2. play a vital part in在中起重要作用3. make outstanding contributions to对做出杰出贡献4. serve the society服务社会5. from my point of view依我之见6. a wise choice一个明智的选择7. support the opinion支持这个观点8. oppose the opinion反对这个观点9. the following three reasons以下三个原因10. become more and more popular变得越来越受欢迎常用语句1. They hold the belief that the historical plays are attractive and easy to understand.他们认为这些历史剧有吸引力，容易理解。2. As far as I am concerned, I like reading books, because books tell me the truth and encourage us to use our imagination.就我而言，我喜欢读书，因为书告诉我真相，鼓励我们使用我们的想象力。3. However, every coin has two sides.然而，任何事物都有两面性。4. After all, not everyone dares to face reality bravely.毕竟，不是每个人都敢勇敢地面对现实。5. Some students support the opinion. Other students oppose the opinion.一些学生支持这个观点。其他学生反对这个观点。6. There are at least three good points of shopping online.网上购物至少有三点好处。7. Such a situation should be changed to give students both pleasure and knowledge.这种情况应该改变，以便给予学生乐趣和知识。8. In my opinion, I prefer shopping online, because going shopping is a kind of enjoying life for me and I can also get what I really want.在我看来，我更喜欢网上购物，因为购物对我来说是享受生活，我也可以得到我真正想要的东西。学以致用每年，国家科学技术奖励大会都会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行，届时党和国家领导人会为获奖的科学家颁奖。请你围绕以下要点谈谈你的个人看法。1. 党和政府为什么如此重视科技事业的发展；2. 作为一名高中生，你应该如何去做。注意：1. 词数 80 左右；2. 短文要求包含所有要点，但不要逐条翻译；3. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯；4. 开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数。Every year, the National Science Technology Award Ceremony is held in the Great Hall of the People.参考范文 Every year, the National Science Technology Award Ceremony is held in the Great Hall of the People. At that time, the top leaders of our country award medals to scientists who achieve those goals. Its clear that the government attaches great importance to science and technology. Theres no doubt that science and technology play a vital part in a countrys development. Those who receive the awards deserve them because, through years of hard work, they have made outstanding contributions to our country. China needs more scientists and inventors like them. As a senior school student, Ill try my best to learn all my subjects well so as to serve the society as well as our country.一 Reading and Thinking单词短语1. adaptationn. 适应；改编本(1)make an adaptation to. 适应(2)adapt vi.& vt. (使)适应；(使)适合 vt. 改编；修改adapt to. 适应adapt oneself to. 使某人自己适应adapt sth. for/into. 把改编成adapt sth. from. 由改编例句My Fair Lady is adapted from a Greek story Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw.窈窕淑女改编自萧伯纳的希腊小说皮格马利翁 。The little boy made an adaptation to his new school finally.这个小男孩终于适应了他的新学校。Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate.人类将继续适应变化的气候。It is necessary for us to adapt (ourselves) to the climate here as soon as possible.我们有必要尽快适应这里的气候。2. comfortn. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt. 安慰；抚慰(1)in comfort 舒适地；放松地be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰Its a comfort to do sth. 做是令人安慰的事(2)comfort sb.give comfort to sb. 安慰某人(3)comfortable adj. 舒服的；安逸的(4)comfortably adv. 舒适地(5)uncomfortable adj. 不舒适的例句Its a comfort to me to know that she is safe.知道她平安无事对我来说是一种安慰。A cup of hot milk on a cold night is a real comfort.在寒冷的夜晚喝杯热牛奶可真舒服。He had to save enough money so that he could live comfortablyHe had to save enough money so that he could live in comfort他得存足够的钱，以便能过上舒适的生活。My mom always comforts me when I am sick. My mom always gives comfort to me when I am sick.在我生病时，妈妈总是给我以安慰。注意comfort 作“舒适；安慰”讲时，为不可数名词，但作“令人安慰的人或事物”讲时，则是可数名词，前面常出现不定冠词 a。类似的还有：success，failure，surprise，joy 等；但fun 例外，虽然也可指具体的人或事，但它是不可数名词。3. participationn. 参加；参与(1)participation in 参加；参与(2)participate vi. 参加；参与participate in (doing) sth. with sb. 与某人一起参加/参与做某事participate with sb. in sth. 与某人分担某事(3)participant n. 参加者；参与者例句As far as I know, he has been an active participant in the discussion.据我所知，他一直积极参加讨论。Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.希望班上的每个人都积极参与这些讨论。She participated with her friend in his sufferings.她分担朋友的痛苦。4. presentationn. 报告；陈述；出示；拿出give a presentation of 对作陈述make a presentation to 为颁发奖品例句The candidates have to give a short presentation on a subject of their choice.候选人必须就自己选择的话题进行简短的论述。The president made a presentation to the businesswoman of the year.总统为本年度最成功的女实业家颁发了奖品。5. speak up大声点说；明确表态speak for 代表讲话；为辩护speak ones mind 说出心里话speak well/ill of 表扬/批评speak of 谈起；提到例句What have you to speak for yourself?你有什么好说的？They spoke of the old days on the campus.他们谈起校园里的往事。We should not speak ill of others behind their backs.我们不应该在背后说别人的坏话。6. feel at home舒服自在；不拘束be at home 觉得安适；无拘束feel/be at home with sb. 和某人合得来be home free 稳操胜券，遥遥领先see sb. home 送某人回家例句We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth of her knowledge.和她在一起，我们感到很舒服，并对她渊博的知识印象深刻。She always feels at home in her friends house.她在朋友家总是感到很自在。John was home free in the presidential election.约翰在总统竞选中遥遥领先。7. engagevi. 参加；参与(活动) vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣)engage in (使)从事；参与engage oneself in 正做着，正忙着be engaged by 为所吸引be engaged in 从事；正做着；正忙着be engaged to 同订婚例句I have no time to engage in the debate.我没有时间参加辩论。The old lady engaged herself in making clothes for her children.那位老太太忙着给她的孩子们做衣服。He was engaged to my sister.他和我妹妹订了婚。My family has been engaged in farming for generations.我家几代都从事农业。8. involvevt. 包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加get/be involved in 参与；卷入；与有关联involve sb. in sth. 让某人经历，让某人做(尤指令人不快的事)例句The vast masses there got/were involved in the health campaign.那里的广大群众都参加了卫生运动。Dont involve me in your crime; I had nothing to do with it!别把我扯进你的罪案中，我可与它毫无干系。重点句式1. It was the first time that she had left China.这是她第一次离开中国。句中 It was the first time that.表示“这是第一次做某事” 。that 从句常用过去完成时。句型结构从句时态意义It was the first (second.) time that.过去完成时这是某人第次做某事It is the first (second.) time that.现在完成时例句It was the first time that he had got such a good chance这是他第一次得到了这样的一个好机会。It is the second time that they have visited this city这是他们第二次参观这座城市。注意在此句型中的 it 可用 this 或 that 来代替。 2. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的！名词性短语 the first time (that)在此作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次时” 。(1)the first time 用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次时” ，而 for the first time 是介词短语，意为“第一次” ，在句子中作状语。(2)引导时间状语从句的短语或词还有 every time，each time，the last time，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly 等，起从属连词的作用。例句Ill never forget meeting you for the first time我从不会忘记第一次见你的情景。Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每一次我遇到麻烦，他都会来帮我摆脱困境。The boy burst into tears the moment/immediately he saw his mother这个男孩一看到妈妈，就立刻哭了起来。二 Using language单词短语1. behavevt. 表现 vi.& vt. 表现得体；有礼貌(1)behavewell/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体behave as if/though. 表现得好像(2)behaviour n. 举止；行为；习性例句They behaved badly to/towards me at the party, which made me very angry.他们在聚会上对我很不好，这使我很生气。My mother ask