1、Journey Across a Vast LandDiscover useful structuresUnit 4GrammarPast participles vs the -ing form过去分词和过去分词和-ing形式形式 To analyse the difference in uses and meanings of past participles and ing forms To practice using the past participles and the ing forms to create adverbial clauses语态及语态及用法用法主动主动被动被动
2、用法用法动词动词-ing形式形式一般式完成式一般式完成式主语宾语表语定语状语补语doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done过去分过去分词词done 1. The girls were _ to see such an open country. The farms covered a very large area, which was _.amazedamazing1. Fill in each blank with the correct form of a verb from the box. 2. Find the difference bet
3、ween each pair of sentences, paying attention to the -ed and ing forms. 3. Then translate the sentences into Chinese.see frighten head amaze感到感到令人令人姑娘们看到如此广袤的国家甚为惊讶。姑娘们看到如此广袤的国家甚为惊讶。这些农场面积之大令人惊讶。这些农场面积之大令人惊讶。2. Going into the wilderness alone can be _. Do you feel _ when going into the wilderness al
4、one?frighteningfrightened3. _ from the top of the mountain, the scenery was really fascinating. _ the scenery from the top of the mountain, I was fascinated by the autumn colors.SeenSeeing感到感到令人令人被动被动主动主动4. _ eastwards, you will pass the Canadian Rockies. Finally, the company - _ by its new manager
5、- started to make a profit.Headingheaded被动被动主动主动独自一人进入荒野令人恐惧。独自一人进入荒野令人恐惧。你一个人进入荒野感到恐惧吗？你一个人进入荒野感到恐惧吗？从山顶往下望，景色令人着迷。从山顶往下望，景色令人着迷。我在山顶看风景，被秋天绚烂的色彩深深吸引。我在山顶看风景，被秋天绚烂的色彩深深吸引。往东，你会经过加拿大落基山脉。往东，你会经过加拿大落基山脉。最终，在新经理的带领下，公司开始盈利。最终，在新经理的带领下，公司开始盈利。一、一、过去分词作过去分词作表语表语与动词与动词-ing-ing形式的形式的比较。比较。1 1、过去分词作表语。、过去分
6、词作表语。【观察思考】【观察思考】 （1）He seemed quite delighted at the news.（2）The door remained locked.（3）His mother got very annoyed because he couldnt recite the idioms.【探究总结】过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语, 表示主语所处的情绪或状态。2 2、过去分词作表语与动词过去分词作表语与动词-ing-ing形式的形式的比较。比较。过去分词与动词过去分词与动词-ing-ing
7、形式形式作表语的作表语的意义意义区别。区别。【观察思考】【观察思考】 (1) We were amazed to find that no one was hurt. By the way, the machine is amazing.(2) Do you feel frightened when walking home alone in the dark? Walking home alone in the dark can be frightening.【探究总结】【探究总结】过去分词表示人或物的心情或状态等, 也可以理解为心情或状态受到外界影响, 有“感到”之意;动词-ing形式则表
8、示人或物的自身特征, 有“令人”之意。这类词常见的表达有：这类词常见的表达有： interesting 有趣的有趣的interested 感兴趣的感兴趣的 delighting 令人高兴的令人高兴的delighted 感到高兴的感到高兴的 disappointing 令人失望的令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的感到失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的令人鼓舞的encouraged 感到鼓舞的感到鼓舞的 pleasing 令人愉快的令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的感到愉快的 puzzling 令人费解的令人费解的puzzled 感到费解的感到费解的 satisfying 令
9、人满意的令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的感到满意的 surprising 令人惊异的令人惊异的surprised 感到惊异的感到惊异的 worrying 令人担心的令人担心的worried 感到担心的感到担心的 3. 3. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别: :【观察思考】 The book is well written.这本书写得很好。(系表结构, 强调主语所处的状态)The book was written by Mo Yan.这本书是莫言写的。(被动语态, 强调主语所承受的动作)【探究总结】【探究总结】 “be+“be+过去分词过去分词”表示表示状态
10、状态时时，是是系系表结构表结构，此时此时的过去分词通常已形容词化的过去分词通常已形容词化; ; 表示表示动作动作时时, , 是被动语态是被动语态, , 且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词词byby引出。引出。二、二、过去分词作过去分词作状语状语与动词与动词-ing-ing形式的形式的比较。比较。 1. 1.过去分词短语作状语的用法过去分词短语作状语的用法【观察思考】【观察思考】 ( (1) Asked what had happened, he lowered his head. = When it is asked what had happened,
11、 he lowered his head. (2) Scared of the tiger, the girl didnt dare to sleep alone. = Because/As she was scared of the tiger, the girl didnt dare to sleep alone. (3) Given more time, we could do it much better. = If we were given more time, we could do it much better. 时间时间原因原因条件条件 (4) Left at home, J
12、ohn didnt feel scared at all. = Although he was left at home, John didnt feel scared at all. (5) The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students. = The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.让步让步方式或伴随方式或伴随【探究总结】【探究总结】 过去分词作状语，可以表示过去分词作状语，可以表示_、_、
13、_、_、_和结果，相当于一个状和结果，相当于一个状语从句或语从句或and连接的并列结构。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与连接的并列结构。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语构成被动关系。主句主语构成被动关系。时间时间原因原因条件条件让步让步方式或伴随方式或伴随【应用实践】【应用实践】(1)_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. Founding B. Founded C. Found D. It was founded(2) When _ for his views a
14、bout his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. he asking C. asked D. he asked(3) _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Used B. Using C. It is used D. It is using2. 过去分词短语作状语时在句中的位置过去分词短语作状语时在句中的位置【观察思考】【观察思考】 (1) Told that his mother was ill, L
15、i Lei hurried home. (2) The old man walked into the room, supported by his son. 【探究总结】【探究总结】 过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时, 通常放在通常放在 _ (句首句首/句末句末)；作伴随、结果状语时作伴随、结果状语时, 通常放在通常放在_(句首句首/句末句末)；作方式状语时；作方式状语时,一般放一般放在句末在句末,有时也放在句首有时也放在句首;作让步状语时作让步状语时,一般放在句首一般放在句首,有时也放在句末。有时也放在句末。句首句首句末句末3. 3. 过去分词作状语
16、与动词过去分词作状语与动词-ing-ing形式的形式的比较。比较。【观察思考】【观察思考】 (1) Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit.(2) Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. He sat at the table, reading a magazine.【探究总结】过去分词过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是与其逻辑主语之间是被动被动关系关系, , 往往往往
17、表示表示完成完成; ;动词动词-ing-ing形式形式与其辑主语之间是与其辑主语之间是主动主动关系关系, , 一般一般表示表示动作动作正在正在进行进行。【注意注意】1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语, 它的逻辑主语必须和它的逻辑主语必须和句子句子的主语相一致。的主语相一致。 e.g. If caught, the police will punish the thief. 误误 If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. 正正 小偷小偷如果被抓如果被抓, 会受到警方的惩罚。会受到警方的惩罚。2. 过去分词作状语时过去分词作状语时,
18、其前面可以带有相应其前面可以带有相应的连词的连词, 如如when, though, although, as if, if, unless, until, once等等, 表时间、让步、表时间、让步、条件方式条件方式等。等。 e.g. If (I am) invited, I will attend the wedding of my friend. 如果如果受到邀请受到邀请, 我会参加我朋友的婚礼。我会参加我朋友的婚礼。v.-ed和和v.-ing形形式作式作表语表语时：时： v.-ed与其逻辑主语之间是与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系被动关系。 v.-ing与其逻辑主语之间是与其逻辑主语之间是主动
19、关系主动关系。v.-ed和和v.-ing形式作形式作状语状语时：时： 如果句子的主语和分词是如果句子的主语和分词是被动被动关系关系，时间，时间已经完成已经完成用用v.-ed形式。形式。 如果句子的主语和分词是如果句子的主语和分词是主动主动关系关系，时间，时间正在发生正在发生用用v.-ing形式。形式。1. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. (2020新新课标全国卷课标全国卷III)2
20、. Oranges: Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times _ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. (2020新新课标全国卷课标全国卷II)surroundingdecorated3. All the football players on the playground cheere
21、d loudly, _ (say) that I had a talent for football. (2019全国卷全国卷I)4. Earth Day, _ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. (2019北京北京)sayingmarked1. One of the windows is _(broke).2. _ (look) out of the window, we saw a cat walking along t
22、he wall. 3. He looked _ (puzzle) so I repeated the question.4. She was _ (surprise) to find the fridge empty; the children had eaten everything!5. _ (build) thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.6. _ (born) in a poor family, he had to work when he was young.7. He walked slowly in the fore
23、st, _(follow) by a dog.8. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ (range) from butterflies to elephants.9. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden.10. _ (see) from the hill, the city looks like a big garden.1. One of the windows is _(broke).2. _ (look) o
24、ut of the window, we saw a cat walking along the wall. 3. He looked _ (puzzle) so I repeated the question.4. She was _ (surprise) to find the fridge empty; the children had eaten everything!5. _ (build) thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.brokenLookingpuzzledsurprisedBuilt6. _ (born) in
25、 a poor family, he had to work when he was young.7. He walked slowly in the forest, _(follow) by a dog.8. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ (range) from butterflies to elephants.9. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden.10. _ (see) from the hill,
26、the city looks like a big garden.BornfollowedrangingSeeingSeenComplete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box. Then translate the sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the different meanings of the -ed and ing forms. bore excite tire satisfy1. We became _ when thinking ab
27、out those beautiful locations in Finland. We expected to experience a lot of _ things there.excitedexciting想到芬兰那些美丽的地方我们激动起来。我们期待在那里想到芬兰那些美丽的地方我们激动起来。我们期待在那里体验很多令人激动的事情。体验很多令人激动的事情。2. We went to bed as soon as we arrived at the hotel because we were so _. The eight-hour train ride was quite _.3. I w
28、as not _ with the hotel. It was not as clean as I had expected. But we had a _ meal at the hotels restaurant, so I felt a bit better later on.4. It was raining hard the next day, so we just stayed in the hotel and watched TV. Sadly, the TV programes that day were really _. As we had nothing else to
29、do, we felt pretty _.tiredtiringbore excite tire satisfysatisfiedsatisfyingboringbored由于疲乏，我们一到宾馆就上床休息了。长达八小时的火车由于疲乏，我们一到宾馆就上床休息了。长达八小时的火车行程令人疲惫不堪。行程令人疲惫不堪。我对这家宾馆不满意，它的卫生状况没有达到我的预期。不我对这家宾馆不满意，它的卫生状况没有达到我的预期。不过我们在宾馆餐厅吃的那顿饭令人满意，因此后来我感觉好过我们在宾馆餐厅吃的那顿饭令人满意，因此后来我感觉好一些了。一些了。第二天下起了大雨，因此我们只是待在宾馆看电视。不幸的第二天下起了
30、大雨，因此我们只是待在宾馆看电视。不幸的是，当天的电视节目索然无趣。我们无所事事，感觉百无聊是，当天的电视节目索然无趣。我们无所事事，感觉百无聊赖。赖。Rewrite the sentences. Add information as necessary.When people asked the man what the trip meant to him, he said it was “an experience of a lifetime”.When asked what the trip meant to him, the man said it was “an experience
31、 of a lifetime.”1. Butchart Gardens was transformed from a quarry. It was now become a famous destination for travellers. Transformed from a quarry, Butchart Gardens has now become a famous destination for travellers. 2. If you compare Quebec City with other cities in Canada, it seems more like a ch
32、arming European village.Compared with other cities in Canada, Quebec City seems more like a charming European village.3. They did not know where to start their sightseeing in Luoyang, so they went to the Tourist Information Centre. Not knowing where to start their sightseeing in Luoyang, they went t
33、o the Tourist Information Centre. 4. When they heard that the Sea-to-Sky Highway was Canadas most scenic drive, they made West Vancouver their first destination.Hearing that the Sea-to-Sky Highway was Canadas most scenic drive, they made West Vancouver their first destination.v.-ed和和v.-ing形式作表语时：形式作表语时： v.-ed与其逻辑主语之间是与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系被动关系。 v.-ing与其逻辑主语之间是与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系主动关系。v.-ed和和v.-ing形式作状语时：形式作状语时： 如果句子的主语和分词是如果句子的主语和分词是被动被动关系关系，时间，时间已经完成已经完成用用v.-ed形式。形式。 如果句子的主语和分词是如果句子的主语和分词是主动主动关系关系，时间，时间正在发生正在发生用用v.-ing形式。形式。Review what you have learnt in this period.Thank you!
