1、Unit 1单词精讲1. severe adj.极为恶劣的极为恶劣的;严厉的严厉的;苛刻的苛刻的 be severe on/with 对对严厉严厉 be severe with oneself 严于律己严于律己 severely adv. 很严重地很严重地; 极为恶劣地极为恶劣地eg. His injuries are severe. severe weather conditions The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders. She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.2. contr
2、adictory adj.互相矛盾的；互相对立的互相矛盾的；互相对立的 be contradictory to 与与矛盾、相反矛盾、相反 eg. His remark was contradictory to the truth. contradict v. 反驳反驳; 与与相矛盾相矛盾 contradiction n. 抵触抵触; 矛盾矛盾; 矛盾的说法矛盾的说法3. infect v. 传染传染; 使感染使感染, 使感染使感染(某种感情某种感情); 影响影响 be infected with 感染上感染上, , 传染上传染上 infection n. 感染感染; 传染传染 infectio
3、us adj. 传染性的传染性的1. People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can still infect others.2. Lucys enthusiasm soon infected the rest of the class. 4. subscribe v.定期订购定期订购，定期缴纳定期缴纳(会费会费) ; 定期捐款赞助定期捐款赞助 subscribe to 同意同意, 赞成赞成 e.g. I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the h
4、appiest days of your life. subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者 subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款订阅；订阅费；定期捐款 Each employee may subscribe for up to2,000 worth of shares. You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. She subscribes to an environmental action group. 5. suspect v. 疑有疑有, 怀
5、疑怀疑 n.嫌疑犯嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子嫌疑分子; 可疑对象可疑对象 suspect sth. suspect sb. of doing sth. suspect sb. to do sth. suspect + that从句从句 1. I have no reason to suspect her honesty. 2. Pilcher is suspected of giving false information. 3. Who will suspect him to have broken the window? 4. I began to suspect that they were t
6、rying to get rid of me. 5. He is the prime suspect in the case.6. blame v.责备责备; 指责指责; 把把归咎于归咎于n.责任责任; 责备责备; 指责指责4. The police laid / put the blame for the accident on the driver.5. The company is ready to bear / take / accept / get the blame for what has happened.1. Marie still blames herself for Pa
7、tricks death.2. You cant blame all your problems on your family.3. Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.7.handle n.把手把手, 柄柄 v.处理处理, 应付应付(局势、人、工作或感情局势、人、工作或感情) 触触, 拿拿, 搬动搬动 控制控制, 操纵操纵(车辆、动物、工具等车辆、动物、工具等) turn the handle the handle of a knifeget / have a handle on 弄
8、弄懂，理解，搞懂，理解，搞明白明白1. Shes very good at handling her patients.2. The label on the box said: Fragile. Handle with care.3. I wasnt sure if I could handle such a powerful car.4. Its difficult to get / have a handle on how widespread this problem is.8. link n.联系联系; 关系关系; 纽带纽带 v. 把把连接起来连接起来, 联系联系; 相关联相关联 1
9、. We first cut the link between the two cities. 2. Is there a link between smoking and the disease? 3. This company has strong trade links with Justins company. 4. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland. 5. I have heard his name linked with that of a well-known person.9. decrease v.(使使)
10、变小变小, (使使)减少减少 n.减少减少; 减少的量减少的量decrease (from) to 减少到减少到decrease by 减少了减少了( (表示表示减少的减少的量量) )decease in 在在方面减少方面减少a decrease in 的减少的减少on the decrease 在减少在减少1. Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.2. This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.thanks to, owing to, due to, becau
11、se of词条词条用法用法常作成分常作成分thanks to“多亏多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思正面意思 (接近于原意接近于原意 “感谢感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。偶用于讽刺口吻。作状语作状语owing to“由于、因为由于、因为”，可置于句首或，可置于句首或句末。句末。常作状语、常作状语、表语表语due to表示原因，可与表示原因，可与owing to 互换互换常作表语、常作表语、状语定语状语定语because of着重某个结果的原因着重某个结果的原因常作状语常作状语10. transform v.使改观使改观, 使变形使变形, 使转化使转化 transform (
12、from) into 把把变成变成 transform with 用用来改变来改变 transformation n. 改变、转化改变、转化(不可数不可数); 具体变化具体变化(可数可数)transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的可变形的；可变化的transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器促使改变的人或物；变压器1. This equipment can transform light into energy. 2. We can transform the world with our knowledge.11. cast vt.投射投射;向向投以投以(视线、笑容等
13、视线、笑容等);投掷投掷cast light on 使清楚;使人了解cast doubt on 质疑;引起对的怀疑cast a shadow over 给投下阴影演员阵容演员阵容cast a shadow on the wall He cast a look at the woman. 1. Again she cast a look toward the window.2. The play is being cast in both the US and Britain. 3. The site where Zhang Xianzhong cast lumps（块）of pure silv
14、er is being dug. 4. To qualify, candidates must get at least 10% of the votes cast.投射（视线）投射（视线）挑选演员挑选演员扔扔投票投票12. shadow n.C 影子；阴影；坏影响：影子；阴影；坏影响： U也可用复数背光处；阴暗处也可用复数背光处；阴暗处 ：shadow playeg. Her fathers illness cast a shadow over / on the wedding celebrations.Sometimes she sits alone in the shadow(s).sh
15、ade vs shadow shade指阳光照不到的地方，如树下或墙边的阴指阳光照不到的地方，如树下或墙边的阴凉处，一般没有具体的轮廓。凉处，一般没有具体的轮廓。 Lets sit in the shade of the tree for a while. shadow指某物遮住阳光或其他光源后形成的影子，指某物遮住阳光或其他光源后形成的影子，可以引申为可以引申为“不良的兆头或阴影不良的兆头或阴影”，也可指黑暗的，也可指黑暗的地方。地方。 My friend jumped out of the shadows and tapped on my shoulders. 1. The childre
16、n were having fun, chasing each others shadows. 2. He didnt want to cast a shadow on their happiness 3. I thought I saw a figure standing in the shadows. 4. Kate grew up in the shadow of her film star sister. 影子影子给给蒙上一层阴影蒙上一层阴影在阴暗处在阴暗处在在的阴影下的阴影下pour v Please pour me another cup of tea.She poured som
17、e milk into a glass.Tears of happiness poured down Susans cheeks. Black smoke poured from the back of my car.People poured into the square from all parts of the city.Letters and postcards poured in every day. It never rains but it pours. vt 倒；注；灌倒；注；灌：vi（水等）不断流出；（烟等）被吐出（水等）不断流出；（烟等）被吐出 ：vi 不断涌向不断涌向
18、/ 涌现涌现 (flood)： vi（雨）倾盆而下：（雨）倾盆而下：13. break out (战争、打斗等不快的事情战争、打斗等不快的事情)突然开始突然开始;爆发爆发【词汇拓展】break down出故障;失败;垮掉;分解break in破门而入;打断(谈话等)break into强行闯入;突然起来break away from脱离;挣脱break up打碎;分裂;解体break through突破They were discussing something important when a man broke in.Scientists hope to break through soo
19、n in their fight against heart disease.14. defend vt.保卫保卫;防御防御【词汇拓展】(1)defend.from/against保护保护免受免受;防御防御defend oneself为自己辩护为自己辩护;自卫自卫(2)defence n.防御防御;保卫保卫in defence of为了保卫为了保卫;为为辩护辩护1. God defends me from my friends;from my enemy I can defend myself.2. Students should be trained to defend themselves
20、 against/from some attacks.defend, guard, protect 辨析辨析 三者都含有“保护保护”之意。defend 指“保卫”“防御”，指抵御或击退外来的攻击。When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick. guard 指“守护”“看守”，指保持警惕或注意来防止危险发生。The dog was guarding its owners luggage.protect 语义范围广，指“保护”，以免遭受危险、伤害等。Were doing whatever we can to protect our
21、 environment from pollution. 在体育运动中，defend 和 guard 均指“防守防守”。15. in charge of 主管主管;掌管掌管【词汇拓展】(1)take charge of掌管掌管/负责负责in the charge of受受的管理的管理;由由负责负责(2)free of charge=for free 免费免费(3)charge sb for sth为某物向某人收取费用为某物向某人收取费用charge sb with (doing) sth控告某人控告某人(做做)某事某事Dr.Smith is assigned to take charge of
22、 the department.Will you please tell me whether you charge for cheques?【温馨提示】【温馨提示】in charge of多以人作主语多以人作主语,指指“某人负责某人负责/主管某事主管某事”;in the charge of 多以物作主语多以物作主语,指指“某物由某人掌管某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有。类似的还有:in possession of,in the possession of;in control of,in the control of。16. gifted adj.有天赋的有天赋的;有天才的有天才的;天资聪慧的天
23、资聪慧的1. He is one of the most gifted players in the world.2. Brown was witty,amusing and gifted with a sharp business brain.【词汇拓展】gift n.礼物;天赋have a gift for有的天赋eg. Many of them have a gift for dancing with animals.17. come down with患患(病病);染上染上(小病小病)【词汇拓展】come across偶然遇到偶然遇到come about发生发生come to恢复常态恢
24、复常态;共计共计;达到达到(某种状况某种状况)come up with提出提出(主语是人主语是人)come up提出提出(主语是建议等主语是建议等)I came across my former English teacher in the street yesterday.The headmaster wants to know how the accident came about.18. above all 最重要的是最重要的是;尤其尤其【词汇拓展】after all毕竟毕竟;终究终究all in all整体说来整体说来;总而言之总而言之in all全部全部;合计合计at all (否定
25、句否定句)一点也不一点也不;(疑问句疑问句)到底到底;究竟究竟1. How many students are there in your school in all?2. He is not concerned with the difficulties of the factory at all.3. He is hardworking,cheerful,and above all honest.4. Old Mr Smith was beloved by all,and above all by the children.19. fault n.U责任；过失；过错责任；过失；过错 C 缺
26、点；缺陷；故障缺点；缺陷；故障find fault (with) 找茬儿；抱怨；挑剔：找茬儿；抱怨；挑剔： faultless adj 无错误的；完美无缺的无错误的；完美无缺的 (perfect) faulty adj 有错误的；有缺陷的有错误的；有缺陷的不要纠缠于谁对谁错，重要的是要找到解决的办法。 亨利福特 1. Im really sorry its all my own fault. 2. Its his fault that we were late.3. Everybody has his faults. 4. The sweater had a fault in it and I
27、 had to take it back.1. He has many faults, but dishonesty isnt one of them. 2. There is a fault in the electrical system. 3. She believes it was the doctors fault that the patient died. fault, error, mistake 辨析辨析 fault 指对指对“过失、过错过失、过错”应负的责任，强调应负的责任，强调“过过”。 Its my fault that we missed the bus. mista
28、ke 在日常英语中用得最为广泛，指用词或数字上的错误、在日常英语中用得最为广泛，指用词或数字上的错误、口误、笔误，也可指决定错误，强调口误、笔误，也可指决定错误，强调“误误”。 Im not blaming you we all make mistakes. I picked up your bag by mistake. error 与与 mistake 意义相近，但较为正式。意义相近，但较为正式。 There must be an error in our calculations. The letter was sent to you in error. 20. shift 1. Wit
29、hin four hours of my first shift, I had angry customers who complained how slow I was.2. The 21st century has been seeing a gradual shift of people from the country to the town.3. You must press the shift key before entering each letter. 4. Someone has shifted my bicycle and I cant find it.5. Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.6. Public attitudes towards the Internet have shifted over the past 50 years. 轮班轮班转移转移转换键转换键（使）移动（使）移动（使）转移（使）转移改变改变Unit 1THANKYOU
