1、usedtodomillionsofIntime及时地attendto照料givebirth(to)生育，分娩（过去）常常做某事数百万para.1Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millio
2、nsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.para.1ingeneral一般来说;通常;总的来说;总体上来看morethan比更wasdet
3、erminedto决心findout找出 （尤指通过刻意努力）发现;查明Ifitispossibletofindoutwhereyourbrotheris,weshallpara.2Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowCholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtotheseco
4、ndtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethat500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtowhy.para.2Donotwritemorethan200words.morethan后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。Hibern
5、ationismorethansleepmorethan与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常、十分”。Theyweremorethanhappytoseeuscomebackfromtheexpeditionmultipledeaths多人死亡suchas例如workedin工作于.Whatismorewastoblame应该受责备更为重要的是;此外moveaway(from)远离para.3Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplacewhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.Thereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpump
6、inBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthewaterpumpwastoblame.,inanotherpartofLond
7、on,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraafterBroadStreet.para.3SnowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplacewhereallthosewhodiedhadlivedawomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreetwhere,who,引导定语从句。双重定语从句SnowsuspectedthewaterpumpwastoblameSnow怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首Heismoretoblamethanyou.Tr:1.是他更应受责备,
8、而不是你2.那次事故不怪孩子们Thechildrenwerenottoblamefortheaccident.deliverto送到Asaresultof为的结果Accordingly因此;所以; 照着initstracks在其轨道上Thefiremenhavestoppedthefireinitstracks.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethat
9、thepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.para.3Itseemsthat表示“看起来”强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断，可以说表示事实Itseemstomethathehasknowneverything.=(Heseemstohaveknowneverything)在我看来他似乎什么事都知道了。Itseemst
10、omethatMr.Whitewillnotcomeagain.依我看，怀特先生不会再来了。.so much that.removed so that it could not.so.that.句型中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，常用句型为：主语主语+ +谓语谓语+so+so+adj. / adv.adj. / adv. + + thatthat例如：1.heissothatshecantlookafterherself.2.TheboyransothatIcouldntcatchhim.sothat.“以便/为了”，引导目的状语从句。例如：1.IgotupearlysothatIc
11、ouldcatchtheearlybus.2.Pleaseopenthewindowsothatwecanbreathefreshair.1、（主语）请/派别人完成某事。如：Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们请人把机器修好了。2、（主语）完成某事（可能参与）。如：Theyaregoingtohave(=got)somethreesplanted.他们打算植些树。3、（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。如：YesterdayIhadmywalletstolen.昨天我的钱包被偷了。Havesth.done的语法意义：(1)havesb.dosth.，“让、叫某人做某事”。Thesold
12、ierhadhimstandwithhisbacktohisfather.在你们来之前，我让孩子们把屋子打扫干净了。Ihavemychildrencleanthehousebeforeyouarrivehave 的其它用法（have宾语宾语补足语”）(2)现在分词作宾语补足语(havesb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。我不许你在起居室里抽烟。IwonthaveyousmokinginthesittingroomThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,Snoww
13、aslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedby.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswatergetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.para.4待处理的废水，原废水1.表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。T
14、heproblemispuzzling.这问题令人困惑“主语+连系动词+形容词”作表语Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.主语+连系动词+一个句子作表语=表语从句ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste2.连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether,how.Hehasbecomeateacher.他已经成为一名教师。Hehasbecomewhathewanted
15、tobetenyearsago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。Thepeoplewhodrankthiswatergetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.1212都是定语从句1)Heislikelytopasstheexam2)Indesperation,peoplelikeZhengwouldbeverylikelytodosuchextremethings.陷于绝望之中，像张某这样的人极可能做出极端的事情。ThroughSnowstirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,and
16、thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientiststudydiseases
17、.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiologypara.5不懈的努力大幅减少死于为此;正因如此epdimildi（turn this sentence into chineseturn this sentence into chinese）Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology被认为是 consider“思考”、“考 虑” =think about, 后面可接 名词、代词、动名词1、Wemustconsidertheproblemveryca
18、refully.2、WeareconsideringgoingtoHainanfortheSpringFestival.3、Hehasneverconsideredhowtosolvetheproblem. consider“认为”/“以为”/“觉得” =be of the opinion, regard as,后面多接宾语从句, 这时一般不 接动名词作宾语Iconsiderthatheisfitforthepositionofthemanager.consider作“认为”之意时,后面还可以接“宾语+宾补”的结构,宾补多为动词不定式其结构主要是“tobe+名词/形容词”,tobe可以省略;有
19、时也可以是其它不定式,不过这种不定式多用完成时。1、Wealwaysconsiderhimawiseleader.2、TheyconsiderJimthecleverestboyintheirclass.固定结构:consider.as/tobe+名词/形容词表示经过思考认为是。eg:Theyconsideredtheplanasreasonable(合理的)这些动词均含有“认为”之意。consider：指经过考虑和观察后得出的结论。think：普通用词，指按照自己的意见提出看法。believe：通常指根据一定的证据，经思考后而认为属实。count：指作出判断后而得出的看法等。regard：侧重凭外表或表面现象作判断。多强调观点。
