1、 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the readers mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of w
2、ords, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices . Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms. 简体英文诗 人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述读者心目中的某个形象。而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情，比如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括:用词简洁;语言描述生动、形象; 具备整合的意象;使用明喻和隐
3、喻等文学手法:。诗人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。现在我们来看看几种格式比较简单的诗。sorrow n. 悲伤悲伤，悲痛，悲痛 vi. to feel or express sorrow 感到悲伤感到悲伤 sorrow over 为为而悲伤而悲伤1. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. 还有的诗歌则试图传达特定的情感，如喜悦和悲伤。还有的诗歌则试图传达特定的情感，如喜悦和悲伤。eg Words cannot express my sorrow. Her friend was sorrowing ove
4、r the loss of a dog.to ones sorrow 令某人悲痛的是令某人悲痛的是share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦同甘共苦more in sorrow than in anger 悲哀多于愤怒悲哀多于愤怒mix joy with sorrow 悲喜交加悲喜交加 Some of the first poems are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to
5、 the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn a
6、bout language. 最早是童谣。它们通常是传统的诗歌或民歌。这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了，但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并较多单词重复。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。AHush, little baby, dont say a word,Papas gonna buy you a mockingbird.If that mockingbird wont sing,Papas gonna buy you a diamond ring.If that diamond r
7、ing turns to brass,Papas gonna buy you a looking glass.If that looking-glass gets broke,Papas gonna buy you a billy goat.If that billy goat wont pull,Papas gonna buy you a cart and bull.小宝宝，别说话爸爸给你买个知更鸟，知更鸟不会唱爸爸给你买个钻石戒。钻石戒，变成铜，爸爸给你买个小镜子。小镜子，打破了爸爸给你买个小山羊。如果小山羊变老了，爸爸给你买驾牛车。to the point : dealing only
8、with the important subject or idea, and not including any unnecessary discussions 简明简明恰当的恰当的; 简洁中肯的简洁中肯的2. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. 这些童谣的语言恰到好处，却含有故事情节，如诗歌这些童谣的语言恰到好处，却含有故事情节，如诗歌A。eg Her comments were brief and to the point.beside / off the poin
9、t 不不切正题，切正题，无关紧要无关紧要come/get straight to the point 直奔主题直奔主题/开门见山开门见山at that point 在在那时那时at the point of 几乎要几乎要eg Mark received low marks for his essay, as much of it was off the point. Ill come straight to the point: what you are doing has disturbed us. I was sitting in front of the TV and waiting f
10、or my favorite program. At that point, the electricity was cut off. When he fell off the tree, he was at the point of tears.make sense: 1) 解释解释得通，得通，有道理有道理 2) 是明智是明智的，是合乎情理的，是合乎情理3. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. 这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至这些童谣也许没有
11、道理，甚至自相矛盾，自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。但是很容易学习和背诵。eg She doesnt talk much, but what she says makes sense. It makes sense to save money while you can.make sense of 理解理解，弄，弄懂懂common sense 常识常识in a sense 在在某种意义上某种意义上eg I cant make sense of that painting.1) It _ (没有任何意义没有任何意义) to do this.2) The poem seems hard to un
12、derstand. Can you _ (理解理解) it?doesnt make any sensemake sense ofthey are easy to learn 为为“主语主语+be +adj.+不定式不定式”句型句型The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. (1) 用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语的性质用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征、特征的词。常见的此类形容的词。常见的此类形容词有词有easy, difficult, h
13、ard, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, dangerous, heavy等。等。(2) 构成不定式的动词和句子的主语存在构成不定式的动词和句子的主语存在逻辑上逻辑上的动宾关系的动宾关系，但不定式通常，但不定式通常用主动用主动形式表示形式表示被动意义。若构成不定式的动词为被动意义。若构成不定式的动词为不及物动词不及物动词，其后要，其后要加上相应的介词。加上相应的介词。(3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并用并用for引出。引出。 eg Good novels ar
14、e interesting to read. The chair is comfortable to sit on. The question is hard for me to answer. One of the simplest kinds of poem is the list poem, that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases . Some rhyme( like B and C), while others do not. 清单诗是诗歌中
15、最简单的一种，。清单诗较为灵活可长可短，可以重复一些短语，。有些清单诗有韵脚(如B和C)，而有一些没有。BMotherHundreds of stars in the deep blue skyHundreds of shells on the shore togetherHundreds of birds that go singing by,Hundreds of lambs in the sunny weatherHundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawnHundreds of bees in the purple cloverHundreds of b
16、utterflies on the lawnBut only one mother the world overGeorge CooperB母亲乔治库柏天空夜星如织，海滨贝壳满地，鸟儿鸣唱飞过羔羊沐浴阳光，黎明四野朝露，苜蓿蜜蜂成群，草从蝴蝶争艳，但世界浩瀚，我唯有一母。 LIFE Life can be good, Life can be bad, Life is mostly cheerful but sometimes sad, Life can be dreams, Life can be great thoughts, Life can mean a person, Sitting
17、in court.生活生活可能美满，生活可能悲伤，生活常常充满欢乐，但有时令人沮丧。生活可能是梦幻一场，生活可能是智慧结晶。生活可能将一个人送上被告法庭。 Another simple form of poem , is made up o . With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example ( D) 另外简体诗是由组成的，叫做五行诗。用五行诗，你可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面或某一特定的心情。请看例子D。D Brother Beau
18、tifu, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too MineD兄弟爱美，又爱运动爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑是我的朋友也是我的敌人4. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. 通过这些诗行，你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某通过这些诗行，你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。种心情。in a good / bad mood 心情好心情好/不好不好be / feel in the m
19、ood (for sth. / to do sth.)有意有意/有心情（做某事有心情（做某事）put sb. in a good / bad mood 使使某人心情愉快某人心情愉快/不愉快不愉快be in no mood for sth. / to do sth. 没有心情做某事没有心情做某事mood n. the way you feel at a particular time 情绪情绪；心情心情 eg Hes always optimistic and looks in a good mood. We really feel in the mood for a party tonight
20、. He was in no mood for being polite to visitors.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) Andrew and his friend had a bitter quarrel about some minor matters. Thats why he was _ (心心情差情差)the whole day. 2) He was _(有心情有心情) a walk in the woods.in a bad moodin the mood for Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry consists of .
21、 It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku
22、poem( E)on the right is a translation from Japanese, a delicate butterfly. 俳句诗(Hak)是一种日本诗，。它是三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。它不属英诗的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，这种诗也是很流行的。它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。右边的徘句诗(E)就是从日文翻译出来的，展示了一只灵巧的蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。E A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch Look, a butterflyE落下的花朵
23、回到了树枝上。瞧啊，是个蝴蝶!E A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch Look, a butterflyE落下的花朵回到了树枝上。瞧啊，是个蝴蝶! English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one(F)说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗，尤其是唐诗。有许多唐诗被翻译成英文，比如这一
24、首诗(F)。F Where she awaits her husband On and on the river flows. Never looking back, Transformed into stone Day by day upon the mountain top, wind and rain revolve. Should the traveller return, this stone would utter speechF望夫石王健望夫处，江悠悠，化为石，不回头。山头日日风复雨，行人归来石应语。 With so many different forms of poetry
25、to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems . Give it a try! 有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，你最终也许想作诗了。试一试吧!【提醒提醒】前缀前缀trans-有两种含义有两种含义。一一种表示种表示“进入（另一个地方），成为（另一状态）进入（另一个地方），成为（另一状态）”，如，如transfer (转移，搬迁转移，搬迁)；transport (运输，运送运输，运送)； transform (使改观使改观)； translate (翻译翻译)； transplant （移植）。（移植）。 另另一种表示一种表示“横穿，通过，超越横穿，通过，超越”，如，如：transnational (跨国的跨国的)； transcontinental （横跨大陆的）；（横跨大陆的）； transatlantic （横跨大西洋的）。（横跨大西洋的）。Homework:完成笔记整理完成笔记整理
