1、Adversity and CourageUnit 4page41GrammarThe present perfect continuous tense To learn the present perfect continuous tense To practice the present perfect continuous tense by completing some exercises 感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题(1).this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.(2)We are
2、now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive.(3)We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.以上句子都用了现在完成进行时，其构成为：以上句子都用了现在完成进行时，其构成为： ，表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在的动作。表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在的动作。have/hasbeen现在分词现在分词一、现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时1.构成：构成：have/hasbeen现在分词现在分词
3、2.用法用法(1)现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，则由上下文而定。这个时态多用于延不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，则由上下文而定。这个时态多用于延续性动词，如续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，等，并常和并常和all this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等时等时间状语以及间状语以及since和和for引导的时间状语连用引导的时间状
4、语连用(与与since和和for连用时，动作常会连用时，动作常会继续下去继续下去)。I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasnt turned up.我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。Ive been writing letters all this morning.整个上午我一直在写信。整个上午我一直在写信。How long have you been living here?你在这里住了多久了？你在这里住了多久了？(2)有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是有时现在完成进行时所表示
5、的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。Hes been shaving since last year.他从去年开始就一直刮脸。他从去年开始就一直刮脸。You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.整整一年你都在说要出国学习。整整一年你都在说要出国学习。3.现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。这种现在完成进行时
6、多指这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才刚才”或或“近来近来”发生的动作，一般不再发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。Youve been working too hard.你工作太辛苦了。你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了直接结果可能是你一定很累了)Youve been smoking again.你又抽烟了。你又抽烟了。(暗含结果是你身上有烟味暗含结果是你身上有烟味)4.现在完成进行时的感情色彩现在完成进行时的感情色彩现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感情色彩。现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感情色彩。I have b
7、een wanting to meet you for a long time.和你见面是我盼望已久的事。和你见面是我盼望已久的事。Too much has been happening today.今天发生太多事了。今天发生太多事了。二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可
8、以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较：现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较：1.现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗？你最近常和他见面吗？Have you met him recently?你最近见过他吗？你最近见过他吗？2.现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一
9、般是平铺直叙。现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满可能表示不满)I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实说明一个事实)3.现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。Who has been eating the oranges?谁一直在吃橘子呀？谁一直在吃橘子呀？(还剩余一些还剩余一些)Who has
10、 eaten the oranges?谁把橘子吃了？谁把橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩强调吃得一个不剩)4.有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：表示状有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：表示状态的动词：态的动词：be，have，exist等；表示感情的动词：等；表示感情的动词：like，love等；表示感等；表示感觉的动词：觉的动词：see，hear，know等。等。I have liked jazz since I was a teenager.从青少年起我就喜欢爵士乐了。从青少年起我就喜欢爵士乐了。I have known her for a long
11、 time.我认识她已经很长时间了。我认识她已经很长时间了。5.与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与次与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与次数连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。数连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。It hasnt rained for six weeks.已经六个星期没下雨了。已经六个星期没下雨了。It has been raining since yesterday and it is still raining.从昨天起，雨就没停过，而且现在还在下。从昨天起，雨就没停过，而且现在还在下。He has r
12、ung me up five times since 12 oclock.从十二点后，他已经给我打了五次电话。从十二点后，他已经给我打了五次电话。He has been ringing me up all the morning.他整个上午一直在给我打电话。他整个上午一直在给我打电话。6.这两种时态都可以表示动作的延续，区别在于：现在完成进行时更强调这两种时态都可以表示动作的延续，区别在于：现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，可以说是现在完成时的强调形式。动作的延续性，可以说是现在完成时的强调形式。We have been living here for ten years.We have li
13、ved here for ten years.我们在这里住了十年了。我们在这里住了十年了。7.在没有时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，而现在在没有时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，而现在完成时则表示动作到现在已经结束。完成时则表示动作到现在已经结束。The students have been preparing for the exam.学生们一直在为考试做准备。学生们一直在为考试做准备。(还在进行还在进行)The students have prepared for the exam.学生们为考试做了准备。学生们为考试做了准备。(已经结束已经结束)返 回Re
14、ad each situation and write a sentence that best describes it. 1. The dog started to bark about two hours ago. I really hope it will stop soon.The dog has been barking for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon.v. 吠叫吠叫page412. Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight.Now he has beco
15、me a professional player.n. 橄榄球运动橄榄球运动Steve has been playing rugby since eight. Now he has become a professional player.adj. 潮湿的潮湿的3. Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours._Timmy is holding a table
16、tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He has been playing table tennis for two hours, so he looks a little tired.n. 球拍球拍4. Diane hasnt got much sleep this week. She looks terrible today._5. I tried to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here. _Dian
17、e hasnt been sleeping enough this week. She looks terrible today.I have been trying to phone you all this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here. Complete the sentences below using the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. Then explain your reasons to your partner.1. Fo
18、r the whole morning, the board of the directors _ (discuss) the resolution to increase wages in the coming year. 2. Jasons only recreation is painting. He _ (learn) how to paint for over five years.has been discussingn. 娱乐；消遣娱乐；消遣has been learningn. 侄子；外甥侄子；外甥3. Even though we lost the game, we shou
19、ld be proud of ourselves because we _ (try) our best and _ (work) as a team.4. He finally _ (finish) the research paper under his tutors guidance.5. My nephew Sam _ (collect) comic books since he was five. Now he has more than two hundred of them.had triedfinishedworkedhas been collectingn. 指导指导n. 广
20、告活动广告活动6. The company _ _ (launch) an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image. adj. 公司的公司的launched / will launch / is launching / has launched1. 北京卷北京卷 -Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?-The new Star Wars. We _ here for more than two hours. A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting
21、 D. have been waiting D2. 江苏卷江苏卷 Dashan, who _ crosstalk（相声）（相声）, the Chinese comedic（喜剧的（喜剧的) tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. A. will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learningD大山已经学了几十年相声，他想把它和西方传大山已经学了几十年相声，他想把它和西方传统的单口喜剧结合
22、起来。统的单口喜剧结合起来。3. 福建卷福建卷 -Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere. -He went to the library after breakfast and _ (write) his essay(论文）论文） there ever since. 4. 江西卷江西卷 -Tony, why are your eyes red? -I _ (cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.has been writinghave been cutting5. 北京北京卷卷 Chinas high-s
23、peed railways _ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.6. 湖南卷湖南卷 Since the time humankind started gardening, we _ (try) to make our environment more beautiful. have grownhave been trying达 标 检 测当堂检测 基础达标演练.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.She (recite) the words all the evening.2.I (tell) her many
24、times，but she still makes the same mistake.3.He (wait) for you for a whole day.4.She is the most beautiful girl I (see).5.It is the first time that she (read) such an interesting book.6.You (sit) at the computer all day. You must be tired.7.The two friends (chat) on the Internet for three hours.8.Th
25、e manager (tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.has been recitinghave toldhas been waitinghave ever seenhas readhave been sittinghave been chattinghas been telling用括号内动词的正确时态完成下面短文。用括号内动词的正确时态完成下面短文。 A big elephant was walking on the ground. He 1. _ (move) through the tall grass f
26、or two days, eating and resting. Not far from him 2. _ (stand) a woman with a big camera in her hands. She took another photo of the elephant, still amazed at his long tusks獠牙.had been movingstood Swallowing a mouthful of grass, the elephant turned his head to see that the woman 3. _ (take) even more photos of him. “That woman has no manners. She 4. _ (follow) me all day,” he thought. “She 5. _ (take) 100 photos of me and 6. _ (write) 42 pages of notes. But she hasnt even given me a single peanut!”was takinghas been followinghas takenwritten
