1、Unit 3Environmental ProtectionPart 1 words revision1. starve v. (使使)挨饿挨饿_n. 挨饿挨饿 _adj. 饥饿的饥饿的2. ecology n. 生态生态_adj. 生态的生态的_n. 生态学家生态学家3. habitat n. 居住地居住地; 栖息地栖息地_adj. 适合居住的适合居住的_n. 居民居民 4. sustain vt. 维持维持; 保持保持 _adj. 可持续的可持续的; 合理利用的合理利用的5. restrict vt. 限制限制 _n. 限制规定限制规定; 限制法规限制法规; 约束约束 6. harmony
2、 n. 和谐和谐_adj. 和谐的和谐的7. origin n. 起源起源; 出身出身_v. 起源起源_adj. 最初的最初的starvationstarvingecologicalecologisthabitablehabitantsustainablerestrictionharmoniousoriginateoriginal8. conserve v. 保护保护_n. 保护保护 _n. 环境保护主义者环境保护主义者9. regulate v. 规定规定_n. 章程章程; 规章制度规章制度10. tolerate vt. 容忍容忍_n. 容忍容忍 _adj. 宽容的宽容的11. frequ
3、ent adj. 频繁的频繁的_adv. 频繁地频繁地 _n. 频率频率conservationconservationistregulationtolerancetolerantfrequentlyfrequency1.climate changes2.There is little doubt that.3.along with4.provide evidence5. a dramatic change para 11.1.气候变化气候变化2. 2. 毫无疑问毫无疑问.3. 3. 和；连同和；连同4. 4. 提供证据提供证据5. 5. 一个巨大的变化一个巨大的变化Para.1There i
4、s little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.1. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. There is some doubt whethe
5、r . 是否是否是有疑问的是有疑问的that引导同位语从句，解释说明引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容的具体内容注意：注意：doubt前有否定意义的词修饰时，前有否定意义的词修饰时，由由that引导引导(否定句否定句)；doubt前有肯定意义的词修饰时前有肯定意义的词修饰时，whether或或if引导（肯定句引导（肯定句/疑问句）疑问句）。1. There is little doubt that smoking is extremely harmful to our health. 2. There is no doubt that he is a reliable person.
6、3.There is some doubt whether he will come to help us. 4.I doubt if /whether it was what he wanted. 5.Do you doubt that he will win the match? 练习1.If you have any doubts _your health, youd better consult your doctor .2.There is no doubt_enough concern must be paid to the problem of air pollution.3.Y
7、ou can complain, but I doubt _it will make any difference. about thatwhether/ifalong with 意为意为“连同；以及；和连同；以及；和一起一起 ”。连接前后。连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和两个主语时，谓语动词应和前面的那个主语保持一致前面的那个主语保持一致。例：例：1. She came to dinner along with her friends. 2. Jim, along with his classmates, has seen the film. 。 练习练习The woman, along w
8、ith two children, (come) here every day. comes就前一致的词有哪些？就前一致的词有哪些？with， together with；along with; as well as;besides;apart from; except.1.be shocked by2.appear to do =seem to do 3.in order to do.4.the alarming case5.have an impact/effect/influence on1. 1. 被被.震惊震惊2. 2. 似乎似乎3. 3. 目的是目的是4. 4. 令人震惊的案例令人
9、震惊的案例5.5.对对.产生影响产生影响 para 2Para.2In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norways Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was skin and bones. An expert who has studied pola
10、r bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming
11、case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earths ecology.2. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”.who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词scientiststhat引导的定语从句，修饰先行词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词all, that不能用不能用which代替代替句意：根据发现北极熊尸体的科学家的说
12、法，这只北极熊句意：根据发现北极熊尸体的科学家的说法，这只北极熊只剩下了只剩下了“皮和骨头皮和骨头”。只用只用that that 引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况1 1、定语从句修饰的词即先行词前面有形容词最高级时、定语从句修饰的词即先行词前面有形容词最高级时2 2、先行词被、先行词被the very/the only/the same/the lastthe very/the only/the same/the last等修饰时等修饰时She is the only girl who has got a prize.She is the only girl who has got a p
13、rize.4 4、先行词正好是、先行词正好是anything/everything/nothing/few/all/none/little/someanything/everything/nothing/few/all/none/little/some等词等词时或被这些词修饰时。时或被这些词修饰时。All thatAll that can be done has been done. can be done has been done.5 5、先行词既有人，也有物时、先行词既有人，也有物时 the bear appeared to have starved and died.e.g. Thou
14、sands of people will starve if food doesnt reach there. The schools are starving for funding.appear to do.似乎似乎.appear to have done.似乎已经似乎已经.para31. global average surface temperature2. a key climate process3. greenhouse effect4. man-made5. refer to (referred-referring) reference6. as short-wave radi
15、ation7. release.into.8. keep earths climate warm and habitable9. sustain life10.huge amounts of11.be trapped in 1. 全球平均表面温度2. 一个关键气候过程3. 温室效应4. 人造的5. 指的是6. 以短波辐射的形式7. 释放到8. 地球温度保持温暖并适于居住9. 维持生命10. 大量的11. 被困在.Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the greenhouse effect, which h
16、as two common meanings: the natural greenhouse effect and the man-made greenhouse effect. The natural greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earths surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.Greenh
17、ouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earths climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the man-made greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra gree
18、nhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earths surface temperature to rise quickly. 翻译：翻译：Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and t
19、he “man-made” greenhouse effect.句意：句意：气候学家经常提到一个被称为气候学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应温室效应”的关键气的关键气候过程，它有两个常见的含义：候过程，它有两个常见的含义：“自然自然”温室效应和温室效应和“人为人为”温室效应。温室效应。指的是指的是 参考；查阅参考；查阅_谈到；提到谈到；提到refer to1. His report refers to the situation in the Middle East.2. The writer often refers to a dictionary. 3. The book which you
20、 referred to is not in the library.The natural greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earths surface as short-wave radiation. that 引导定语从句与同位语从句 The natural greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms
21、 Earths surface as short-wave radiation.The newsThe news（thatthat）he told me is really encouraging.he told me is really encouraging.The news The news thatthat our team has won the game is really encouraging. our team has won the game is really encouraging.thatthat引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别性质不同
22、、句法功能不同性质不同、句法功能不同同位语从句的连接词不充当句子成分，但不可省略；同位语从句的连接词不充当句子成分，但不可省略；定语从句的关系代词代替先行词在句中充当成分，定语从句的关系代词代替先行词在句中充当成分，充当宾语时可省略。充当宾语时可省略。be trapped in意是意是“被困在被困在; 陷入困境陷入困境; 陷入陷入” 。Linda must be trapped in this storm. If so, she must be in danger. be caught in 表示表示“陷入陷入,卷入卷入”；be stuck in 表示表示“受困于，被困在受困于，被困在中，中，
23、 陷入，卡住不动陷入，卡住不动”。1. We were caught in the storm and got wet all over.2. We dont want to be stuck in the market all the day.1. your help I could not get there on time.2. He (trap) in the hard task. 3. A friend of mine often referred Dr. Bethune when I was in Canada.4. The cold weather caused the plan
24、ts (die). 5. The fact he has fully recovered makes me feel good. 语法填空。语法填空。Without考点追击考点追击was trapped toto diethat1. strong and comprehensive evidence2. extreme weather3. natural disasters4. cause damage5.cost human lives6. take appropriate action7. the warming trend8. frequently broadcast9. extreme
25、 rainstorms and heatwaves10. economic lossesPara41. 充分且全面的证据2. 极端天气3. 自然灾害4. 造成损害5. 造成生命损失6. 采取适当的行动7. 变暖的趋势8. 频繁地报道9. 极端暴雨和热浪10. 经济损失 There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing s
26、erious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing dea
27、ths and economic losses。Para 4 There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.主句主句剩余的部分是剩余的部分是that引导的同位语从句，解释引导的同位语从句，解释evidence的具体内容。的具体内
28、容。not only, but also是两个并列的现在分词短语作结果状语是两个并列的现在分词短语作结果状语翻译：翻译：确凿，全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自确凿，全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。 In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰现在分词短语作后置定
29、语，修饰rainstorms and heatwaves The interview was broadcast live across China.broadcast v . 使广为传播，散布使广为传播，散布Dont broadcast the fact that he lost his job.Para.51. result in=lead to=contribute to=result from v. as a result of =because of=due to= 2. consider making policies3. take appropriate action/ meas
30、ures/steps4. restrict the amount of carbon dioxide5. It is our responsibility to do take responsibility for doing6. seize the opportunity to do（seize sb. by the+n.）7. deal with climate change（tackle/ work out /address /handle ）1. 导致，由.造成由于2. 考虑制定政策3. 采取适当的行动4. 限制二氧化碳的量6. 抓住机会做某事7. 处理Para 5（5）Continu
31、ed greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as indi
32、viduals can also reduce our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us
33、 on this planet. So what will you do to help?result in: 导致导致，造成，造成The accident resulted in the death of two passengers. Our efforts resulted in success.【拓展拓展】 result from. 由由造成造成; ; 因因而产生而产生 as a result of. 由于由于的的结果结果 as a result 结果结果 (在句中常用作插入语在句中常用作插入语, 相当于一个副词相当于一个副词)restrict vt. 限制限制；限定；限定 In fu
34、ture we will restrict class sizes to 20 students. Im restricting myself to a piece of candy a day. 我一天只喝一杯咖啡 I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day. The city government made a rule that fireworks should be restricted to public displays only. As far as I am concerned, corruption is avoidable wi
35、th the restriction (restrict) of law. He finds the job too restrictive(). Children are allowed only restricted ( access to the Internet. a restricted space/ zone/ document二、非谓语动词二、非谓语动词语法填空语法填空1. (2018全国卷) You dont have to run fast or for long _(see) the benefit.2. (2018全国卷) You may drink, smoke, be
36、 overweight and still reduce your risk of _(die) early by running.3. (2018全国卷) The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _(improve) water quality.4. (2018全国卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid_ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.5. (2019全国卷
37、) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _ (perform)consistently over a large area.to seeto seedyingdyingto improveto improvelookinglookingto perform to perform (）(）语法填空语法填空6. (2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowe
38、d me _(stay) and watch.7. (2018浙江卷)I still remember _(visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.8. (2018浙江卷)While regularly eating out seems to _ (become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost.
39、9. (2017全国卷)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by _ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.10. (2019全国卷) Scientist have responded by _ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations
40、are higher than they actually are .to stayto stayvisitingvisitinghave becomehave becomeeatingeatingnotingnotingHavingHaving practicedpracticedtoto bebe workingworkingtoto havehave studiedstudiedbeingbeing heldheldtoto bebe heldheld考点突破考点突破考点一考点一 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语一一 不定式作状语不定式作状语(2018北京卷) During the Mi
41、dAutumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.(四川卷)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.(辽宁卷)This machine is very easy is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.考点归纳考点归纳（ 不
42、定式作状语）1作目的状语， 可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置 于句首，意为“为了；想要”。2作结果状语，常用于下列结构中： only to do(表示意想不到的结果)； enough to do(足够做)； too.to do.(太而不能)； so/such.as to.(如此以至于)等。3作原因状语， 常用在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中。不 定式用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。这类形容 词:happy, glad, sorry, anxious, angry, pleased, surprised, astonished, delighted
43、, disappointed 等。 二二 分词作状语分词作状语(2018江苏卷) Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, exceeding the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts. 在这期间，大约创造13500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12000的预期数量。(2018北京卷)Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 考点归纳考点归纳 （分词作状语）1.分词作状
44、语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连用。2.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。名师点津名师点津某些动词的某些动词的过去分词过去分词已经已经形容词化形容词化，且常用于一些系表结构中，且常用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词只表示一种此时这些过去分词只表示一种状态状态，作状语时不表示被动关系，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用其前不用b
45、eingbeing。常见的有常见的有located(located(坐落于坐落于), lost(), lost(迷路的迷路的), seated(), seated(坐着的坐着的), hidden(), hidden(躲躲着的着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于沉溺于), dressed in(), dressed in(穿着穿着), tired ), tired of(of(厌烦的厌烦的), faced with(), faced with(面对着面对着) )等，等，( (天津卷天津卷) ) AbsorbedAb
46、sorbed in painting , John didnt notice in painting , John didnt notice evening approaching.evening approaching.Offeredto save(）考点突破考点突破考点二考点二 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语一一 不定式作定语不定式作定语(安徽卷)The play to be produced next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.He is always the first to arrive at the school
47、 and the last to leave the school.(辽宁卷)And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.考点归纳考点归纳（不定式作定语）1. 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示 将来的动作。2. 序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不 定式作定语。3被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。 常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, att
48、empt, way 等。二分词作定语二分词作定语(福建卷) Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(北京卷) Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.考点归纳考点归纳（分词作定语）（分词作定语）1 1作定语的作定语的及物动词及物动词的分词形式有：的分词形式有：doingdoing ( (被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时被修饰的名词与分
49、词之间为主动关系时) )beingbeingdonedone( (被修饰的名词与分词之间为被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动被动关系关系 且表示正在且表示正在进行进行时时) )done done ( (被修饰的名词与分词之间为被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动被动关系且表关系且表完成完成时时) )2 2作定语的作定语的不及物动词不及物动词的分词形式为：的分词形式为：doing doing （现在分词表示动作正在进行现在分词表示动作正在进行）done done （过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动）。falling leavesfalling leaves正在落下的叶子正在
50、落下的叶子( (表正在进行表正在进行) )fallen leavesfallen leaves 落叶落叶( (表完成表完成) )解题点津解题点津非谓语动词作定语的解题思路非谓语动词作定语的解题思路：表示被动、完成用过去分词表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动表示被动、尚未进行用尚未进行用to be done。表示表示主动、已发生主动、已发生to have done。试比较：试比较：Today there are mo
