1、HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE健康的生活方式需养成的习惯 As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become
2、adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenagers life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.在成长
3、过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。然而，在这一时期，他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如，一些青少年可能吸烟成瘾或酗酒，造成身心健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。1. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 此此句为复合句。句为复合句。if left unchecked是条件状语从句的省略
4、，是条件状语从句的省略，if后面省后面省略了略了they are。状状语从句的省略语从句的省略1) 可以省略成分的状语从句：时间、条件、让步、方式。可以省略成分的状语从句：时间、条件、让步、方式。2) 状语从句省略成分的条件：从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是状语从句省略成分的条件：从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是it; 从从句谓语含有句谓语含有be，包括系动词，包括系动词be、进行时态的、进行时态的be或被动语态的或被动语态的be。3) 常见的连词：常见的连词：when, while, once, before, whenever, if, unless, though, althou
5、gh, as, as if。4) 状语从句省略成分后常见的类型：连词状语从句省略成分后常见的类型：连词+现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词/ 介词短语介词短语/ 形容词。形容词。eg If involved in the case, you will be punished.If neccessay, you can choose me to make the presentation.To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philos
6、ophy of Aristotle: We are what we repeatedly do. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. we can change, if we under
7、stand how habits work.改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝试。有句基于基于亚里士多德哲学的名言:“我们反复反复做的事情造就了我们。”从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后，这项选择就变得自然而然，成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。 According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the habit cycle, which works like this：lFirstly
8、， there is a “cue” , an action， event，or situation that acts as a signal to do something.lSecondly, there is a routine, the regular action you take in response to the cue.lThirdly, there is the reward, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat
9、 lots of unhealthy snacks (routine) which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理如下:第一是“触发因素”，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应响应触发因素而采取的常规行动采取的常规行动。第三是“回报回报”，
10、即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。例如，当我们感到不高兴时(触发因素)，我们会吃很多不健康零食(惯常行为)，这让我们感到快乐(回报)。这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这不良习惯。2. there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue. 形成形成“惯例惯例”，即你根据，即你根据暗示暗示采取的有规律的行动。采取的有规律的行动。 in response to: sth that is said or written or done as a reply or reacti
11、on to sth 回答；答复；反应；响应回答；答复；反应；响应 eg He contributed one hundred dollars in response to my request. make response to 对对作出响应作出响应/答复答复 eg They have made generous response to the appeals for funds. 他们对募集资金的呼吁作出了慷慨的响应。他们对募集资金的呼吁作出了慷慨的响应。 make no response to 不回答、不回应不回答、不回应eg He made no response to my quest
12、ion. 他他对我的问题不予回答。对我的问题不予回答。3. 3. there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routinefrom the routine. . 有有“奖励奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好东西或好感觉。，即我们从惯例中得到的好东西或好感觉。 reward reward n n. something that you get because you have done . someth
13、ing that you get because you have done something good or helpful or have worked hardsomething good or helpful or have worked hard回回报；奖励；报报；奖励；报酬酬give/ offer a reward to sb. for stgive/ offer a reward to sb. for sth. h. 为某事而给某人奖励为某事而给某人奖励 in reward for in reward for 作为（对）作为（对）的奖赏、回的奖赏、回报报eg He receiv
14、ed a medal in reward for his findings.eg He received a medal in reward for his findings. reward sb. with sth. reward sb. with sth. 奖赏某人某物奖赏某人某物eg.eg. The clubs directors The clubs directors rewardrewarded him ed him withwith a free season ticket. a free season ticket.俱乐部的董事们奖赏他一张免费季票。俱乐部的董事们奖赏他一张免费季
15、票。 reward sb. for (doing) sth. reward sb. for (doing) sth. 为（做）某事奖赏某人为（做）某事奖赏某人 eg He gave the children some chocolate to reward them eg He gave the children some chocolate to reward themfor behaving well.for behaving well.It takes about an hour to climb from the end of the road to the top of the mo
16、untain. When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.从路的末端到山顶约需一个小时。你一到达山顶就会得到回报你不仅可以看到天池清澈如镜的湖水，而且还可以看到天池四周的16座山.4. , and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. rely on:
17、to depend on依赖；依靠依赖；依靠； to put trust in with confidence 信赖信赖rely on sb./ sth. to do sth. 依靠或信赖某人依靠或信赖某人/ 某物做某事某物做某事rely on it that 相信相信, 指望指望(rely on后面跟从句时，先接后面跟从句时，先接it再接再接that。) eg We should rely on all the students to help the depressed student.You may rely on it that she can achieve the ambition
18、.1) 1) 许许多职业母亲依靠多职业母亲依靠亲戚亲戚来帮她来帮她们照看孩子。们照看孩子。 Many Many working mothers working mothers rely on relatives to help take care of rely on relatives to help take care of their children.their children.2) 2) 我们应该相信一切都会顺利的。我们应该相信一切都会顺利的。 We should rely on it that everything will go well. We should rely on
19、it that everything will go well. To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative ro
20、utine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine) which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For exam
21、ple, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.为了促进促进我们不良习惯的积极改变，我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环，然后尝试去改变它们。为了做到这一点，我们可以把来自我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时(触
22、发因素)，我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐(惯常行为)，而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松(回报)。除了除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候(触发因素)，我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most succ
23、essful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential. To change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After al
24、l, it is not easy to break bad habits.我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得，继而放弃。事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说:“千里之行，始于足下。” 一步似乎很小，却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的，不断地出许多小步。毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。5. if we are not successful 5. if we are not successful straight awaystraight away, we often , we often bec
25、ome pessimistic and give up. become pessimistic and give up. straight away: straight away: immediately or without immediately or without delay delay 立立即；马上即；马上eg I phoned my mother eg I phoned my mother straight awaystraight away to ask about to ask about the recipe the recipe （配方）（配方）. . 【拓展拓展】come
26、/ get straight to the point come/ get straight to the point 开门见山开门见山 go straight home go straight home 直接回家直接回家go straight on go straight on 一直往前走一直往前走earn/ get straight As earn/ get straight As 得全优成绩得全优成绩get sth. straight get sth. straight （口语）弄清楚某事（口语）弄清楚某事6. 6. In fact, the most successful way In
27、 fact, the most successful way is is not not suddenly,suddenly, but but over a period of time. over a period of time. 这是一个含有这是一个含有“notbutnotbut”结构的简单句。结构的简单句。 句中的不定式短语句中的不定式短语to changeto change作定语，修饰作定语，修饰wayway。 The value of life lies The value of life lies notnot in the length of days, in the leng
28、th of days, butbut in in the use that we make of them.the use that we make of them.生命的价值不在于其长短，而在于我们如何利用它。生命的价值不在于其长短，而在于我们如何利用它。My teacher influenced my decision My teacher influenced my decision . .我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用。我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用。 For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habit
29、s. However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而，能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在;你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定选定一些作出改变。你有能力有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活!
