1、Unit 1 Reading and thinking知识点1.整理除专有名词之外的陌生词汇（5 min.s）2.找出本文中的名词性从句和定语从句并翻译（5min.s）3.跟读课文记要点准备：课本和笔记本 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all i
2、n a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. 西方绘画艺术简史西方绘画艺术简史 什么是西方艺术?很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。 The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) During the Mi
3、ddle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This be
4、gan to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 中世纪(5世纪到15世纪)
5、 在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教因此，艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物通常比其他人物大得多，以显示他们的重要性。这种情况在13世纪时因乔托迪邦多纳(1267-1337)而开始改变。尽管他的画仍然带有宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实的环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。1. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional
6、impact. 他的绘画尤其以逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而与众不同。他的绘画尤其以逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而与众不同。 in particular: especially or particularly 尤其尤其，特，特别别 set apart from: to make someone or something different and special 使与众不同；使突出使与众不同；使突出 eg His intelligence set him apart from the other boys in his class. What in particular did you like
7、about the last apartment that we saw? (翻译翻译) 他他的才华在班上的男孩中很突出。的才华在班上的男孩中很突出。 关关于我们最后看的那套公寓，你特别喜欢哪一点？于我们最后看的那套公寓，你特别喜欢哪一点？【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) The police havent really done anything for the black community _ particular. 2) _ (set) yourself apart from the crowd is vital when you are looking for that
8、new job. 3) This is a great way _ (set) apart from others in the community to secure more business for the club.inSettingto be set adopt, adaptadopt vt.采纳；收养采纳；收养adoption n. 采纳；收养采纳；收养adopted adj. 收养的收养的All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.adapt vt.改编；使适应改编；使适应adapt from从从改编改编
9、adapt to 使使适应适应The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.1) Pauls mother had him _ because she couldnt look after him herself.2) The _ of the new technology improved the production.3) The radio play had been _ from a novel.adoptedadoption adapted 文艺复兴时期(14世纪到17世纪) 新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的
10、思想和价值观。因此，画家较少关注宗教主题。他们开始采取一种更人性化的生活态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔(1401-1428)对透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多达芬奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔，乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品 The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated
11、less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519, Michelangelo(1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) Giotto and Mas
12、accios innovations produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height
13、with Rembrandt(1606-1669), who gained a reputation as . In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showin
14、g important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. 另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义风格，一些最好的油画看上去就像是照片。尽管早在达芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影”的雅称。 在题材上，重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。国王、贵族和人士都想购买和所爱之人准确。其他人则想要展示重要历史事件或
15、神话故事的画作。最后，大多数客户都想要看起来美丽有趣的画作。3.reputation n. what is generally said or believed about the abilities, qualities, etc of sb./sth. 名名声，名誉，名气声，名誉，名气have/enjoy a good/bad reputation 有美有美/恶名恶名earn/win/gain a reputation 赢得声誉赢得声誉establish / build up / make a reputation 树立树立/博得名誉博得名誉compromise/ruin sbs repu
16、tation 损损害、败坏某人的名誉害、败坏某人的名誉have a reputation for (doing) sth.以以而闻名而闻名eg Cowboys have a reputation for living wild and free. Does Kilimanjora (乞乞力马力马扎罗山扎罗山)deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? (翻译翻译) 牛牛仔以他们生活放荡、无拘无束而闻名。仔以他们生活放荡、无拘无束而闻名。
17、挤挤满了成队的游客，平和气氛被破坏的乞满了成队的游客，平和气氛被破坏的乞力马力马扎罗山值得人们对它的赞誉吗？扎罗山值得人们对它的赞誉吗？4. rank n. position in a scale of responsibility, quality, social status, etc.; a line/row of people/things 地地位；级别；行列位；级别；行列 vt. grade sb/sth according to quality, achievement, etc.; to arrange objects in a line or row 把把分等分等级；使排成行级
18、；使排成行 eg Tom dreamed of becoming a soldier of the top rank when he was young. Many experts think schoolteachers should not rank students according to their grades.rank among (with) 属于属于之列，列在之列，列在当中当中rank as 可算作，把可算作，把当作。当作。eg Shakespeare ranks among the greatest writers in history. Tokyo ranks as on
19、e of the worlds busiest cities. (翻译翻译) 莎士比亚是历史上最伟大的作家之一莎士比亚是历史上最伟大的作家之一。 东东京是世界上最繁忙的城市之一。京是世界上最繁忙的城市之一。purchase n. something you buy, or the act of buying it 购购买，采购；购买的东买，采购；购买的东西西v. to buy something购买，采购购买，采购 purchase . from .eg The middle-aged man spent much money for the purchase of the new house
20、. 这个中年人花了很多钱买了这所新房子。这个中年人花了很多钱买了这所新房子。 If you are not satisfied with your purchase, we will give you a full refund. 如如果你对购买的东西不满意，我们会全额果你对购买的东西不满意，我们会全额退款。退款。 We purchased this house from an elderly couple last month. 我我们上个月从一对老夫妇那里买了这栋房子们上个月从一对老夫妇那里买了这栋房子。【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) He is a person _ hig
21、h rank.2) They know how to search for works of art and what _ (purchase).3) There are actions you take before and after _ (purchase) the ticket.4) He gave his son some money _ the purchase of his school books. 5) With something _ (purchase), he had to go downtown.ofto purchasepurchasingforto purchas
22、e Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their
23、 art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene-the subjective impression the scene gave him-but not a detailed re
24、cord of the scene itself. 印象派时期(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 直到19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢。在那之后，不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的面貌了。因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。由此，印象派在法国应运而生。这个新运动的名字来源于克劳德莫奈(1840-196)的一幅名为印象日出的画作。在这幅作品中，莫奈想传达场景中的光线和运动一场景给他的主观印象一一而不是场景本身的详细记录。6. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. 印印象象派由此在法国兴起。派由此在法国兴起。 emerge v.
25、 to appear or come out from somewhere; facts become known after being hidden or secret 出现，浮现；暴出现，浮现；暴露露 emerge from 自自出现；从出现；从显显露出来；露出来；源于源于 emerge as 作为作为出现出现 eg The sun emerged from behind the clouds. He emerged as a key figure in the event. Eventually the truth emerged. (翻译翻译) 太太阳从云层后露了出来。阳从云层后露了
26、出来。 他他在这次赛事上作为关键人物出现。在这次赛事上作为关键人物出现。 真真相终于大白。相终于大白。7. In this work, Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene 在这部作品中，莫奈的目的是传达场景中的在这部作品中，莫奈的目的是传达场景中的光和光和运动运动 convey v. to communicate or express something, with or without using words; to take or carry something from one place to ano
27、ther 表表达；达；传递传递（思想、感情（思想、感情）传）传送送convey sth. to sb. 向向某人表达某人表达/传达传达convey sb./sth. from A to B 把把某某人人/某某物从物从A地运送到地运送到B地地convey ones feelings/thanks/message 表表达某人的感情达某人的感情/感谢感谢/信信息息convey(from) to把把(从从) )运送到运送到【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1) 言辞无法表达我内心的喜悦。言辞无法表达我内心的喜悦。 Words cannot convey how delighted I was.2
28、) David向向我父亲表达了他的祝愿。我父亲表达了他的祝愿。 David conveyed his good wishes to my father.3) 这些货物通常用直升飞机运送。这些货物通常用直升飞机运送。 The goods are usually conveyed by helicopter.While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and
29、-white photographs of that time period, Renoirs paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.虽然许多印象派画家描绘了自然或日常生活场景，但其他画家，如雷诺阿(1841-1919年)则以人物为关注对象。雷诺阿的画作与那个时代冷淡的黑白照片不同，充满了光、影、色彩和生命。他不仅试图
30、展示他笔下人物的外在形象，而且还展示他们内心的温暖和人性。 Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, What do we do next? Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paint
31、ings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question, What is art? 现代艺术(20世纪至今) 在印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问不一步我们该做什么?”像毕加索(1881-1973)这样的画家试图用一种新的方法立体主义来分析自然界中存在的形状。其他人则赋予他们的画中一种写实但又像梦一样的品质特征。还有一些人转向抽象艺
32、术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题“什么是艺术?”11. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, (翻译翻译) 他们试图做的不再是展示现实他们试图做的不再是展示现实 what引导名词性从句引导名词性从句。可用作主语、宾语、表语。可用作主语、宾语、表语。 eg After a hard time, they came to what is called America today. What we need is patience. What we cant get seems better than what we own. China is no longer what was ten years ago.
