1、 2015 年硕士研究生入学考试试题（）科目名称： 语言学知识 科目代码： 836 注：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸上的无效！-一、填空题 （20分，每空1分）1. 语言的 指语言符号的形式与所表示的意义之间没有天然的联系。2. 一名语言使用者对于语言系统的潜在意识成为他的 ，而 指在具体场景中语言的实际运用。3. 语言最重要的社会功能是 ，人们靠它建立并维持社会地位。4. 根据能否单独出现，可以把语素分为两类。能够独立出现，也就是能够独立构词的叫做 。必须跟至少一个其他语素组合才能出现的语素叫作 。5. 代词、介词、连词等数目固定，数量有限，都属于 词类。名词、动词、形容词和副词会不断
2、地经常地增加新的词语，属于 词类。6. 两个单词要通过连接第一个词的开头部分和第二个词的最后部分或连接两个单词的开头部分混成一个新的单词，这种构词法叫 。 是构词法中一种不规则的类型，即把一个语言中已经存在的较长单词删去想象中的词缀，由此造出一个较短的单词。 7. 研究语音的发生、传递和感知的是 ，研究各种语言的语音模式和语音系统是 。8. 音系学中同化有两种，如果后面的音影响前面的音，称为 ，如果前面的音影响后面的音，称为 。9. 在相同结构的句子中，语法上可以互相替代的词类或语词的集合，叫作 。小句中不同集合的词语允许或要求另一集合或类别中的词语一起组成句子或句子某一特定部分，叫作 。10
3、. 正处于学习过程中的第二外语或外语学习者建构的语言通常被称为 ，它通常被理解为介于目标语和学习者母语之间的语言。11. 研究特殊语境中语言特征，并试图建立一些规则，以解释个体和社团在语言使用过程中的特殊选择。 关注语言与文学的紧密联系，研究与文学文体相关联的语言特征。12. 乔姆斯基认为语言是某种天赋，儿童天生就具有一种学习语言的能力，叫做 。二、名词解释（20分，每题5分）1. 意象图式 2. 实体隐喻 3. 合作原则 4. 语言迁移三、简述题（40分，每题10分）1. 简述语料库在语言研究中的应用。2. 简述格莱斯会话含义的特征。3. 简述如何从认知语言学角度分析文学作品。4. 比较外语
4、教学中的对比分析与错误分析。四、作品分析题(70分,每题35分)1. 运用文体学知识分析下面的演说文体特征（35分）。I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation
5、 Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred
6、years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languish
7、ed in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so weve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.In a sense weve come to our nations capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Dec
8、laration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. It is obvious today that Americ
9、a has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked insufficient funds.But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We
10、 refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, weve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierc
11、e urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the
12、time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children.2. 运用文体学知识分析下面诗歌文体特征（35分）。The Solitary Reaper William WordsworthBEHOLD her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland Lass!Reaping and
13、singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! for the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.No Nightingale did ever chauntMore welcome notes to weary bandsOf travellers in some shady haunt,Among Arabian sands:A voice so t
14、hrilling neer was heardIn spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,Breaking the silence of the seasAmong the farthest Hebrides.Will no one tell me what she sings?Perhaps the plaintive numbers flowFor old, unhappy, far-off things,And battles long ago:Or is it some more humble lay,Familiar matter of to-day?So
15、me natural sorrow, loss, or pain,That has been, and may be again? Whateer the theme, the Maiden sangAs if her song could have no ending;I saw her singing at her work,And oer the sickle bending;-I listened, motionless and still;And, as I mounted up the hillThe music in my heart I bore,Long after it was heard no more-淮北师范大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题纸 第 3 页 共 3 页
