1、Unit 2: Mistakes to Success-Text A: Spilt MilkNew words1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出（使）洒出，泼出，溢出 e g: Dont spill the soup.cry over spilt milk为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔E g: Youve broken it now; its no use crying over spilt milk! spill over溢出溢出,发展成发展成,造成造成e g: Dont pour too much; it might spill over.e g: The firm is plan
2、ning to spill over the world.e g: His interference spilt over into confusion.spill out（使）溢出，（使）溅出；突然涌出；说出（真相、（使）溢出，（使）溅出；突然涌出；说出（真相、内情）内情）e g: The champagne is spilling out of the bottle.e g: The water was spilling out of the mouth of the spring.e g: He spilt out his story of stealing.New words2.The
3、re /it is no use 没什么用的没什么用的E g：There is no use denying it.3. respond v. 作出反应；响应作出反应；响应respond toE g： He will respond to that, not me. response n.回答；响应；反应E g： The response was far from warm.4. in this manner以这种方式；如此以这种方式；如此E g： In this manner you can start sharing your value immediately.in a manner在某
4、种意义上；在某种程度上在某种意义上；在某种程度上E g： But this act in a manner very similar to our scenario.Grammars1.定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词，起定语作用在复合句中，修饰名词或代词，起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句的从句叫做定语从句先行词先行词关系代词: that/ which/ who (whom/whose)/ as关系副词: When/ where/ why关系词Just Try YourselfJust Try Yourself The man who came to our school is Yaoming
5、.The girl whom I met is Lucy. A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. I like the book which you bought yesterday. 人，主语人，宾语人，定语物，宾语Just Try YourselfJust Try YourselfHis parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. I like the person to whom you just talked.We shall never forget th
6、e days that we spent together.We shall never forget the days when we lived together. 物，宾语人，介宾人，定语时间状语New words5.Interview v. （媒体）采访，对某人进行访问/面试 n接见，采访；面试，接见，采访；面试，面谈面谈E g :The television interview will be aired to all parts of the country.Be interviewed by 接受. 的采访E g : I think it unnerved me to be in
7、terviewed by so many people6.creative adj. 创作的E g : She was misplaced in that job. She ought to be doing something more creative.Create vt. 创造，创作；造成创造，创作；造成E g : They left the lights down to create a comfortable atmosphere.7. set apart from把 ; 区分开 ; 区分离 ; 使分离set us apart from others使我们在众多中独树一帜E g :
8、Its set apart from other bridges by its curves that provide different perspectives of the landscapes.8.in his opinion 在他看来在他看来E g : In his opinion, this meeting is important to his whole team, and he wants every one on the team to attend.9. Occur 发生发生,出现出现,被想起，被想到被想起，被想到E g : I dont want such a thin
9、g to occur again.E g : Disputes occasionally occurred between us.E g : It never occurred to me that he would become a lawyer.10. come from来自；出生于来自；出生于E g : He comes from a very poor e across v. 偶遇；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白；给人偶遇；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白；给人印象印象E g : Perhaps I shall come across him in France.E g : Your speech
10、didnt come across; nobody understood your opinion.E g : He came across to me as being quite a nice e about v. 发生；产生；改变方向发生；产生；改变方向How did this come about?come up走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出E g : A beggar came up to us and ask for money.E g : The question of wage increases came up at the boar
11、d meeting.E g : I shall write to you if anything comes up.E g : I sowed some seeds last week, but they havent come up e on v. 快点；开始；要求；上演；跟着来；突然产生快点；开始；要求；上演；跟着来；突然产生E g : How is your brother coming on with his study of English?E g : How are your potatoes coming on? E g : Theres a storm coming on. W
12、ed better get home.Grammars2.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时是由过去完成进行时是由“had been + 现在分词现在分词”构成。构成。She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考试之前一直患重感冒。He was scolded even though he hadnt been doing anything wrong.尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延
13、续到这一过去过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这东西我找了好多天才找着的。这东西我找了好多天才找着的。They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他们只等了一会儿车就来了。他们只等了一会儿车就来了。表示反复的动作表示反复的动作He had been
14、 mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。You had been giving me everything.你对我真是有求必应。你对我真是有求必应。过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中The doctor asked what he had been eating.医生问他吃了什么医生问他吃了什么。I asked where they had been staying all those days.我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。u区别过去完成时与过去完成进行时区别
15、过去完成时与过去完成进行时过去完成时过去完成时表示 (1)在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成 的动作的动作 或状态，时间发生在或状态，时间发生在“过去的过过去的过去去”；这时往往和由；这时往往和由when或或before引导的从句或引导的从句或by短语；短语；The sports meeting had begun when we got to school. 我们到学校时，运动会已经开始了。我们到学校时，运动会已经开始了。u过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较She had cleaned the office, so it was ve
16、ry tidy.她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。 (强调结果强调结果)She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。 (强调动作一直在进行强调动作一直在进行)They received the parcel that they _ for a long time.A expectedB have expectedC had been expectingD had expected1.他们只等了不
17、多一会儿，公共汽车就来了。他们只等了不多一会儿，公共汽车就来了。Theyd only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.2.电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered用动词的适当形式填空：用动词的适当形式填空：1.I _ for it for days before I found it.(look)这个东西我找了很多天才找到的。这个东西我找了很多天才找到的。2.I _onl
18、y _ a few minutes when he came in.(read)我刚看了几分钟书，他就进来了。我刚看了几分钟书，他就进来了。3.They _ the news for some time.(expect)他们期待这个消息有一段时间了。他们期待这个消息有一段时间了。4.I asked where they _ all those days.(stay) 我问他们这些天是呆在哪儿的。我问他们这些天是呆在哪儿的。 11. remove from除掉；移动除掉；移动,从从.中移开中移开E g : What should we try and remove from this list?
19、12.grip on 掌握掌握E g : Do you grip on the spirit of cooking.get a grip on控制；把握关键；管束；抓拄But we are going to have to get a grip on this countrys debt.13.Mess 肮脏，杂乱肮脏，杂乱E g : By the end of last year, he had wiggled out of the mess mess up陷入困境；搞糟E g : He is messing up.a mess of一大堆；把弄糟E g : At his death, hi
20、s son found only a mess of manuscripts.in a mess乱糟糟，一团糟E g : The room is in a mess. mess with同一起用膳；胡乱摆弄；干扰；与厮混在一起E g : If you consume caffeine during the day, its likely to mess with your sleep cycles. make a mess制造混乱；搞成一团糟；E g : You shouldnt make a mess in your room. Grammars3.感叹句：用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的
21、句子叫用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句，做感叹句，句末用感叹号。句末用感叹号。 Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made!e.g.- How beautiful the park is!-What a beautiful park it is!-What good news it is!-How good the new is!What+（a/an+adj.+可数名词单数可数名词单数）+主语+谓语！What a cold day it is !What+（adj+可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式）+主语+谓语
22、！What tall trees they are ! What+（adj+不可数名词不可数名词）+主语+谓语！ What dry weather it is !1、她是多好的女孩啊！、她是多好的女孩啊！2、它是多好的新闻！、它是多好的新闻！3、它们是多美的花啊！、它们是多美的花啊！What good news (it is)!What a good girl she is !What beautiful flowers (they are)!二、感叹句训练。二、感叹句训练。（一）用（一）用 “what”或或“how”将相应的句子改为感叹句。将相应的句子改为感叹句。1、Wu Peng jump
23、s high！ _ high Wu Peng jumps！2、Its an interesting film. _ an interesting film it is！3、 The sun is bright. _ bright the sun is! 4、The book is very interesting. _ interesting the book is!HowWhatHowHow陈述句变感叹句的技巧为：一断，二去，三加陈述句变感叹句的技巧为：一断，二去，三加, ,四换位，五感叹句四换位，五感叹句“一断一断”即在谓语动词后断开，使句子分为两部分。即在谓语动词后断开，使句子分为两部分
24、。LiuXiang runs too fast.LiuXiang runs too fast.“二去二去”即去掉即去掉very, too, much ，quite等修饰词。等修饰词。 LiuXiang runs fast. LiuXiang runs fast.“三加三加”即第二部分若是副词，形容词就加上即第二部分若是副词，形容词就加上how;若是一个名词（短语），就若是一个名词（短语），就加上加上what. LiuXiang runs how fast. LiuXiang runs how fast.“四换位四换位”即将断开后的第一部分和第二部分位置互换。即将断开后的第一部分和第二部分位置互
25、换。how fast LiuXiang runs.how fast LiuXiang runs.！“五感叹句五感叹句”即句末别忘了加上感叹号即句末别忘了加上感叹号。（二）、（二）、 将下列句子改为感叹句，注意将下列句子改为感叹句，注意what, how的使用及词序：的使用及词序： l. The classroom is clean. 2. The elephant is very heavy.3.She is a happy girl. How clean the classroom it is！How heavy the elephant it is！What a happy girl sh
26、e is ！15.Rarely adv. 很少地；难得；罕有地很少地；难得；罕有地He rarely communicate with other students on the campus.16. get down下来；吞下；使沮丧下来；吞下；使沮丧He climbed to the top of the tree and then became afraid to get down.They got the pictures down.The news certainly got her down.get back 回来；恢复；取回；重新上台回来；恢复；取回；重新上台Dont worry
27、, Ill get you back safely.I have to get back in control.get off v. 动身；免于受罚；从动身；免于受罚；从下来；脱下（衣服等）下来；脱下（衣服等）Excuse me, I have to get off at the next stop.We have to get off early tomorrow.get to 到达；开始；接触到到达；开始；接触到What time does this train get to New York?When you get to seventy,you are not so active as
28、 you were at fifty.17.Clean up :清理，收拾清理，收拾 Clear up:整理，收拾，放晴整理，收拾，放晴The renowned scientist remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes.宾语从句是强调结构it wasthat。注意区分强调结构和it作形式主语或普通代词的结构。例如：It was in this park that they first met each other.It was this park
29、where/in which they first met each other.It is important that we learn a foreign language well.GrammarsIt is (was) +被强调部分被强调部分+ that (who)+ 句子其他部分句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语和状语。表语和状语。Grammars强调句型的判断 把“It, be，that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。如：（1）It is he
30、 who / that often helps me with my English. It is on the hillside that we plant trees every year. It was because of bad weather that the football match had to be put off. 分析：去掉It is / was. that / who 句子后结构仍然完整，句意仍明确，都是强调句。 It was 9 oclock when we came back 我们回来时是九点钟。 It was 3 hours since we had come
31、 back 我们回来已三个小时了。分析：分析： 在上面例句中若去掉在上面例句中若去掉It was. when / before / since等后，句子结构就不完等后，句子结构就不完整，所以不是强调句。整，所以不是强调句。 2） It was at the theatre _ Lincoln was murdered. It was the theatre _ Lincoln was murdered. A. which B. that C. whereD. the oneCB It was our teacher _did the experiment in the lab last nig
32、ht. A. whom B. that C. which D. where It was ten years ago_ Miss Gao returned to China. A. that B. when C. since D. as It was _ he said _disappointed me.A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what It was for this reason _ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small villag
33、e. A. which B. why C. that D. howBAAC强调句型中的强调句型中的bebe动词和情态动词的结合动词和情态动词的结合It may be + 被强调部分被强调部分+ that.It must have been + 被强调部分被强调部分+ that.Could it be + 被强调部分被强调部分+ that.It might have been John _bought a new book for Mary yesterday. It may be next week _she leaves for TokyoA. what B. since C. that D
34、. thenCC强调句型和（强调句型和（not）until句型的结合。句型的结合。句式特征为句式特征为:It is/ was until +被强调部分被强调部分+that +延续动词延续动词It is/ was not until+被强调部分被强调部分+that+短暂动词短暂动词如：用强调句型对I didnt leave until it got dark.中的划线部分进行强调，则变成：It was not until he came back that I knew the result. 简析简析：注意此种情况下否定词：注意此种情况下否定词not要从原题的主句上转要从原题的主句上转移到被强
35、调的从句上，这也是否定转移的一种形式。移到被强调的从句上，这也是否定转移的一种形式。It was until last year that he _.A. left school for a new startB. came to realize the importance of learning EnglishC. worked as an English teacher at a middle schoolD. set out to build a new house of his own简析简析：本题不含否定词：本题不含否定词not，四个选项中只有，四个选项中只有C项项中的动词中的动词
36、work为延续性动词，答案为延续性动词，答案C。It was not until late in the evening _ her husband arrived home .A. which B. when C. that D. howIt was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.A. which B. when C. that D. sinceIt was not _ she took off her dark glasses _I realized she was a famous film star. A. when ;
37、 that B. until ; that C. until ; when D. when ; thenCCB注意注意 not . until 句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：She didnt remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.Not until she had arrived home
38、 did she remember her appointment with the doctor.Text B: The Cake It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, 注意本句的时态。It / This / That will be the first time they have met each other.It / This / That is the third time he has seen an English film.It / This / That
39、 was the last time he had done such a strange thing.该句型要注意时态的一致。即：主句为一般将来或一般现在时，从句用现在完成时；主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。They will go to America next month. That will be the first time that they _ America.A will visitB had visitedC will have visitedD have visited使用现在（过去）完成时的结构使用现在（过去）完成时的结构1) This/That/It is+序数词序
40、数词+名词名词+that+现在完成时现在完成时 It is the third time that Ive come to Beijing. It is the fifth time that someone has knocked at my door.2) This/That/It is+最高级或最高级或only修饰名词修饰名词+现在完成时现在完成时 This is the most interesting movie that Ive ever seen. It is the worst book that Ive ever read.3) “It was the+序数词或最高级+tha
41、t+过去完成时”句型中.总之：现在（过去）完成时总是与现在（过去）有着密切的联系；或是表示到现在（过去）为止这一段时间的“一直在延续”或“重复发生”的动作或状态；或是表示影响现状（过去）的事件。1、 from scratch 白手起家；从头做起白手起家；从头做起EG: Ifwehave tostartfrom scratchthen italltakestime.2. to be honest老实说；说实话老实说；说实话E g :Tobehonest,Iwas surprisedheknewwhere Iwas,wemoved sooften. 3. turned on v. 打开；发动；取决
42、于；使兴奋；攻击打开；发动；取决于；使兴奋；攻击E g : Then,heturnedonthetelevisionandsheheardaDialogue inEnglishand the laughterofastudioaudience.4. turn off关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向E g : Andduringsome hoursof theday, theheatmust beturnedoffaltogether.5.be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事6.By the time等到；到等到；到的时候的时候E g
43、:By the time you walk into that meeting, there should be no surprises, she says.explode v. 突然爆发，迸发（感情）用法：用法： with/ in/ into sth. eg: He exploded with rage, fury, jealousy, etc. 他勃然大怒 暴跳如雷 妒火中烧等She exploded into loud laughter. 她突然大笑起来。其他词义：（使某物）爆炸；炸开eg: When the boiler exploded many people were injur
44、ed. 因锅炉爆炸，许多人受了伤。explosive adj. 爆炸性的；易爆炸的 eg: explosive materials 爆炸材料explosive n. 爆炸物；炸药eg: The bomb was packed with high explosive, i.e. a substance that explodes with great force. 这炸弹装有烈性炸药。explosion n. great and sudden increase 激增eg: a population explosion 人口激增 the explosion of oil prices 石油价格的急
45、剧上涨. would have none of it 不接受，不允许E g: He was offered a job but he said he would have none of it.inspection n. 检查；查看；审视eg: An inspection was carried out at the school. 学校接受了一次检查。inspect v. （a）检查（某事物）eg: The customs officer inspected my passport suspiciously. 海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照。（b） 视察（某事物）eg: inspect a
46、 school, factory, regiment, etc. 视察学校 工厂 团队等all the way to 一直E g: Sure, take main street east all the way to first street.5. make sureE g: And you have to make sure, what I always sayFor a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say. At last she looked up at him,
47、 her eyes moist and red.独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑主语） （作逻辑谓语） 1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. The question settled, we went home. 3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 主格名词/代词+分词 (过去分词/现在分词）1. His mother being ill, he had to stay
48、home to look after her.2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress.主格名词/代词 + 形容词We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home. 主格名词/代词 + 不定式 主格名词/代词 + 副词The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.主格名词/代词 +介词短语Our English teacher came into
49、 the classroom, papers in hand.with复合结构 与 独立主格结构 它们都可以在句中作它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。其结构形式和名称却不相同。with复合结构的模式是：复合结构的模式是： with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语独立主格结构的模式是：独立主格结构的模式是： 主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词
50、短语一、作时间状语 1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.2、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.=The traffic light green, the bus got moving.二、作原因状语 1、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the
