1、 科目代码：246 科目名称：英语 第 1 页 共 7 页 南京航空航天大学南京航空航天大学 2012017 7 年年硕士硕士研究生入学考试初试试题研究生入学考试初试试题（ A A 卷卷 ） 科目代码: 246 满分: 100 分 科目名称: 英语 注意: 认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在所有答案必须写在答题纸答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！ Vocabulary and Structure (20 points) Direction
2、s: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 1. She would like to have a talk with you _ your convenience. A. in B. at C. for D. with 2. Such _the case, there are no grounds to
3、 justify your complaints. A. was B. is C. is being D. being 3. The train_ at the present speed until it reaches the next city at about seven oclock this evening. A. will be going B. went C. would go D. went 4. If English is not our first language you can often be puzzled by ways of expression that t
4、he native speaker of English does not even have to _. A. think out B. think about C. think over D. think for 5. That battle is of great significance when viewed in the _ of the progress of the war. A. view B. opinion C. perspective D. idea 6. As he was blamed for damage he hadnt caused, indignation
5、_ up in him. A. surged B. appeared C. rose D. soared 7. If the fire alarm is sounded, all students are requested to _ in the courtyard. A. converge B. assemble C. crowd D. accumulate 8. If Peter wins tomorrow, he _ thirty races in the past four years. A. will win B. has won C. would have won D. will
6、 have won 9. Petrol is manufactured from the _ oil we take out of the ground. A. rough B. raw C. crude D. tough 10. The size of the audience, _ we had expected, was well over one thousand. A. whom B. as C. who D. that 11. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses_. A.
7、far apart B. among them C. in between D. from each other 12. I dont think that this question is subordinate _the main aim of our company. A. with B. on C. for D. to 13. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible _ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students. A. scale
8、s B. ranks C. grades D. patterns 14. To understand the situation completely requires more thought than _ thus far. A. has been given B. was given C. being given D. has given 15. It is requested that an applicant whose undergraduate work is done at another institution _ two copies of undergraduate tr
9、anscripts and degrees directly to the dean of the graduate school. A. must send B. are to send C. send D. need send 科目代码：246 科目名称：英语 第 2 页 共 7 页 16. This rock has to be _ in order to build a road. A. blasted B. explored C. hired D. maintained 17. When they returned to the river, they found that the
10、boat had _ away. A. framed B. frosted C. frowned D. floated 18. The English proverb “_ the rod and spoil the child” means that if you keep from punishing the child, you will spoil its character. A. rule B. spare C. clap D. rug 19. After people have learned that magnets attract things, centuries pass
11、ed _ they took note of the fact that magnets sometimes also repel things. A. before B. until C. after D. since 20. In that country, students will be _ admittance to their classroom if they are not properly dressed. A. declined B. deprived C. denied D. deserted II. Reading Comprehension (30 points) D
12、irections: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice. Passage 1 Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own childrens school week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They kn
13、ow that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard
14、to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated state test. Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered th
15、e skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First one looks at a commercially available test. Then one distills the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught. The ability to read or write or calculate might imply
16、the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic skills make this
17、 fundamental confusion because people are test obsessed rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught. Recently many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being un
18、able to understand what they read. These students are competent at test taking and filling in workbooks and ditto masters. However they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but cant see or understand the whole. They are taught to b
19、e so concerned with grade that they have no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary. 21. The author gives an account of Ericas performance in her study in order to _. A. illustrate her cleverness in test-taking B. reveal the incompetence of teachers C. show there
20、is something wrong with current practice in teaching D. demonstrate the best way to read textbooks 22. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The phenomenon of teaching to the test has aroused curiosity in many educators. B. Skills in general are not only useless but often lead
21、students astray. 科目代码：246 科目名称：英语 第 3 页 共 7 页 C. Ability to read and write is one thing, and ability to do well on standardized tests is quite another. D. Preparation for a test of a skill does not necessarily mean the acquisition of that skill. 23. The author insists that _ A. mandated state tests
22、be replaced by some more sensible methods of assessment B. teachers pay more attention to the nature and quality of what is taught C. students not be concerned with grades but do more reading and thinking D. radical changes be brought about in the general approach to teaching 24. We can safely concl
23、ude that _ may cause educational problems. A. test obsession B. standardized tests C. test-taking D. preparation for mandated state tests 25. By “crisis of comprehension” the author means many students _. A. are too much concerned with grades B. fail to understand the real goal of education C. lack
24、proper practice in phonic and grammar drills D. are unable to understand what they read, though they do reasonably well on standardized tests Passage 2 It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a less conspicuous kind of social upheaval underway that
25、 is fast altering both the face of the planet and the way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the first time in human history, more than half of the worlds population was living in towns and cities. And as a recently published paper shows, the proce
26、ss of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to comewith an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change. As Karen Seto, the led author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isnt just about the migration of people into urban environments, but about the env
27、ironments themselves becoming bigger to accommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas. Humans are the ultimate invasive specieswhen they move into new territory, they often displace the w
28、ildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new citiesespecially in the dense tropical forestscarbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. Its true that as people in developing nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on lan
29、d, which could in turn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents in the countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the real difference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to citie
30、s often leads to an accompanying increase in income and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing but it do
31、es carry an environmental price. The urbanization wave cant be stopped and it shouldnt be. But Setos paper does underscore the importance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanizations impact on the environment. “Theres an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of
32、pressure and responsibility to think about how we urbanize,” says Seto. “One thing thats clear is that we cant build cities the way we have over the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition wont allow that.” Were headed towards an urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes
33、 heaven or hell is up to us. 26. What issue does the author try to draw peoples attention to? 科目代码：246 科目名称：英语 第 4 页 共 7 页 A. The shrinking biodiversity worldwide. B. The rapid increase of world population. C. The ongoing global economic recession. D. The impact of accelerating urbanization. 27. In
34、what sense are humans the ultimate invasive species? A. They are much greedier than other species. B. They are a unique species born to conquer. C. They force other species out of their territories. D. They have an urge to expand their living space. 28. In what way is urbanization in poor countries
35、good for the environment? A. More land will be preserved for wildlife. B. The pressure on farmland will be lessened. C. Carbon emissions will be considerably reduced. D. Natural resources will be used more effectively. 29. What does the author say about living comfortably in the city? A. It incurs a
36、 high environmental price. B. It brings poverty and insecurity to an end. C. It causes a big change in peoples lifestyle. D. It narrows the gap between city and country. 30. What can be done to minimize the negative impact of urbanization according to Seto? A. Slowing down the speed of transition. B
37、. Innovative use of advanced technology. C. Appropriate management of the process. D. Enhancing peoples sense of responsibility. Passage 3 Travelers arriving at Heathrow airport this year have been met by the smell of freshly-cut grass, pumped from a discreet corner via an aroma box, a machine which
38、 blows warm, scented air into the environment. It can scent the area of an average high street shop with the smell of the chocolate, freshly cut grass, or sea breezes, in fact any synthetic odors that can be made to smell like the real thing. Heathrows move into sensory marketing is the latest in a
39、long line of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behavior to help sell products. Marketing people call this atmospherics using sounds or smells to manipulate consumer behavior. On Valentines Day two years ago the chain of chemists
40、 Super-dog scented one of its London shops with chocolate. The smell of chocolate is supposed to have the effect of reducing concentration and making customers relax. Chocolate is associated with love, said a marketing spokeswoman, we thought it would get people in the mood for romance. She did not
41、reveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money. However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that smell does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell. In a survey, customers considered a lemon-
42、scented detergent more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that the detergent used in both was identical. On the other hand, a coconut-scented suntan lotion was rated more effective that a lemon-scented one. A research group from Washington University reported that the smell
43、 of mint or orange sprayed in a store resulted in customers rating the store as more modern and more pleasant for shopping than other stores without the smell. Customers also rated the goods on sale as better, and expressed a stronger intention to visit the store again in the future. 科目代码：246 科目名称：英
44、语 第 5 页 共 7 页 Music too has long been used in supermarkets for marketing purposes. Supermarkets are aware, for example, that slow music causes customers to stay longer in the shop (and hopefully buy more things). At Leicester University psychologists have found that a specific kind of music can infl
45、uence consumer behavior. In a supermarket French wine sold at the rate of 76% compared to 20% German wine when French accordion music was played. The same thing happened in reverse when German Bierkeller music was played. In one American study people even bought more expensive wines when classical m
46、usic was played instead of country music. Writers and poets have often described the powerful effects of smell on our emotions, and smell is often considered to be the sense most likely to evoke emotion-filled memories. Research suggests however that this is a myth and that a photograph or a voice i
47、s just as likely to evoke a memory as a smell. Perhaps the reason for this myth is because smells, as opposed to sights and sounds, are very difficult to give a name to. The fact that smell is invisible, and thus somehow more mysterious, may partly explain its reputation as our most emotional sense.
48、 31. What is the use of “aroma box” at Heathrow airport? A. It can scent a lot of synthetic fragrance into the environment. B. It is a machine that blows warm and fresh air into the environment. C. It often pumps the smell of freshly cut grass from a high-street shop. D. It is a box that sends out n
49、ot only aroma but also music. 32. Who might benefit most from “atmospherics” in the “sensory” marketing? A. Psychologists. B. Customers. C. Shop owners. D. The research groups. 33. Research into customer satisfaction showed that _. A. the right smell made people think a product was better B. people
50、preferred the smell of lemon to coconut C. certain smells could make people dislike a shop D. customers rated the goods on sale as more inviting 34. The use of music in supermarkets _. A. may lead customers to pay more of a product B. can increase sales of a specific product C. makes people buy more
