1、1书面表达专题书面表达专题-How to write a letter for advice2如何算是一篇好文章？如何算是一篇好文章？覆盖了所有的要点覆盖了所有的要点应用了较多的语法结构和词汇应用了较多的语法结构和词汇有效地使用了语句间的连接成有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，行文连贯，分，使全文结构紧凑，行文连贯，条理清楚。条理清楚。要要点点全全词汇词汇,句型句型 （高级）和语法（高级）和语法多样化（较复杂）语言地道多样化（较复杂）语言地道连连接接词词3写作要点：写作要点：1.建议信：建议信：作者就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。2. 对象：对象：1）写给个人
2、，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；2）写给某个组织和机构，就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。43. 基本框架：基本框架：开头（开头（beginning）- 开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点.(state your idea)主体主体(body)- 对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，接着提出自己的建议(reasons and evidence)结尾结尾(ending)- 呼应开头，重申观点(restate your opinion.)54. 注意事项：注意事项：1）建议信要写出写信的原因原因，建议的内容内容，提出建议的理由理由，提出的理由要入情入理理由要入情入理，语气一定要礼貌当先礼貌当先。因此
3、建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力；2）建议的角度要多样化角度要多样化，避免重复。可从政治、经济、文化、伦理、法律以及个人等多角度给出建议；3）符合英文信件的基本格式基本格式；4）基本时态多用一般现在时和一般将来时。一般现在时和一般将来时。6常用套语常用套语A建议信开头常用句式建议信开头常用句式 (照应材料照应材料,表明写作意图表明写作意图)1. After I read your letter in the newspaper, I am sorry to know that 2. I am very glad to hear that you want to3. I kno
4、w you have trouble inafter reading your letterI am writing to you for the purpose of I am writing to share some advice/opinions with you.You have asked me for some advice with regard to and I will try to make some conductive suggestions.7. You have asked me for my advice about/on 7B. 表达建议（表达建议（body）
5、1 .I think it would be more beneficial if you could 2. I would like to suggest/recommend that3. If I were you, I would4. Why not ?/ How (What) about doing 5. is a good/great idea.6. You may consider doing 7. It would seem/seems to me that you could 8. In my opinion, it would be wise to take the foll
6、owing action.9. When it comes to such a situation, I would like to suggest that you should First,/Firstly,/ Secondly,/ Then,/ After that,/ In the end,/ Finally, /Meanwhile, /Whats more,/ In addition,/ Besides,/ Furthermore, 8C.建议信结尾常用句式建议信结尾常用句式 I believe you will take my advice into account/ consid
7、eration.I hope you will find these proposals/ suggestions/ recommendations practical/ useful/ helpful.I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions.5. I feel that it would be beneficial if you stick to it.In the end,
8、 I will be glad if you find my suggestions useful.9假如你叫孙军，是红星高中的学生，要给市长假如你叫孙军，是红星高中的学生，要给市长写一封信，反映学校门前交通拥挤现象，包括写一封信，反映学校门前交通拥挤现象，包括以下要点：以下要点：参考词汇参考词汇: 穿行穿行 thread ones way 天桥天桥 overpass 问题问题建议建议学校和一所小学毗邻，对着学校和一所小学毗邻，对着大街，高峰期交通繁忙；加大街，高峰期交通繁忙；加之孩子小之孩子小, 家长接送。交通家长接送。交通更拥挤；学生过街在车辆中更拥挤；学生过街在车辆中穿行危险。穿行危险。
9、政府应采取措施政府应采取措施,如修天桥等。如修天桥等。10第一步：审题第一步：审题养成重视审题的习惯。养成重视审题的习惯。虽然基础写作题是半封闭性的，但审题仍然十分重要。现以样题为例，谈谈如何审题：思考的问题思考的问题样题分析样题分析第几人称？（第几人称？（person）文章的体裁是什么？文章的体裁是什么？要写的文章主题是什么要写的文章主题是什么 (topic)怎样安排信息点的顺序？怎样安排信息点的顺序？ (order)动作是什么时候发生的？动作是什么时候发生的？(时态时态) (when)第一人称第一人称一封信一封信建议政府采取措施舒缓交建议政府采取措施舒缓交通拥挤的状况通拥挤的状况说理逻辑性
10、说理逻辑性一般现在时一般现在时11书面表达如何写？书面表达如何写？三个步骤Step 1 List the key pointsStep 2 Make sentences Step3. Form a passage and polish12适当运用模适当运用模板板13模板二：模板二：Dear _(对象对象)， I am writing to express my views concerning _(问题问题). First and for the most, _(建议一建议一). In addition, _(建议二建议二). Whats more _(建议三建议三). I hope youl
11、l find these proposals useful. Yours sincerely, Li Ming14Dear_, You have asked me for my advice with regard to _, and Ill try to make some conductive suggestions here. In my humble opinion(以我拙见以我拙见), you would be wise to take the following actions: _. I hope youll find these proposals useful and I w
12、ould be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. Good luck with you / your _(祝愿祝愿). Yours sincerely Li Ming 15Dear Bob,Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to (引出主题引出主题). Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to . Then, it also helps to . Besides,
13、it should be a good idea to . You can also . (此三句此三句不同不同的句式提出建议的句式提出建议)As to , I suggest (有时根据需要有时根据需要具体到某一反面具体到某一反面). In addition, (其他建其他建议议). Im sure (预测可能的结果，给对预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心和决心方以行动的信心和决心).Im looking forward to (表达愿望表达愿望).Sincerely yours,Li Hua16第二步：搜索相关词组或句型第二步：搜索相关词组或句型问题建议学校和一所小学毗学校和一所小学毗邻，
14、对着大街，高邻，对着大街，高峰期交通繁忙；加峰期交通繁忙；加之孩子小之孩子小, 家长接家长接送。交通更拥挤；送。交通更拥挤；学生过街在车辆中学生过街在车辆中穿行危险。穿行危险。政府应采取措施政府应采取措施,如修天桥等。如修天桥等。 17学校与一所小学毗邻学校与一所小学毗邻,对着大街对着大街stand next to primary face/be faced with the main streetTheres a primary school near our school, and both schools face the main street.Our school stands ne
15、xt to a primary school, faced with/facing the main street.推荐句型：推荐句型：There be+并列句并列句非谓语结构非谓语结构Standing next to a primary school, our school is faced with/faces the main street.18润色润色小建议小建议Next to a primary school将介词短语提前（全倒装）将介词短语提前（全倒装） stands/lies/is our school, faced with / facing a main street.可将可
16、将stand next to替换为高级词汇替换为高级词汇/短语短语be located next to (near/beside/by) border/adjoin vt. be adjacent to与与毗邻毗邻在在对面对面 be opposite to19 The traffic is busy during the rush hours.The traffic is busy during the rush hours.高峰期交通繁忙高峰期交通繁忙.traffic. during the rush hoursDuring the rush hours, there are so many
17、 cars and buses going on the road thatDuring the rush hours, there is a lot of traffic.so. thatwith结构结构With so many cars and buses going on the road, 20润色润色小建议小建议“高峰期高峰期”可意译可意译:at peak time，a large current of cars and people“交通繁忙交通繁忙”可译为可译为:traffic jamcongestion 交通堵塞交通堵塞be choke up withbe crammed wi
18、th 被被堵塞堵塞/塞满塞满21 加之孩子小加之孩子小,家长接送家长接送,交通更拥挤交通更拥挤 sendto, fetch. , which 非谓语结构非谓语结构.Many parents send their young children to school and fetch them home, which makes the traffic heavier.Many parents send their young children to school and fetch them home, making the traffic heavier.22加之孩子小，家长接送，交通更拥挤加
19、之孩子小，家长接送，交通更拥挤Whats more, pick up. make.To make things worse/ Whats worse, many parents coming to pick up their children make the street more crowded.In addition/ Additionally, many parents send their young children to school and fetch them home, which makes the traffic heavier.Whats more, parents
20、often attend their kids to school, resulting in more serious traffic jams.What makes things worse is that children have to be picked up by their parents owing to their young age.23making the situation more serious.making the traffic heavier可意译为：可意译为： so. that.=tootoThe children are so young that par
21、ents have to send them to school and fetch them home, which makes/making the traffic heavier.making 可替换为：可替换为： causing, leading to, resulting in“sendfetch” 可替换为短语：可替换为短语：pick up润色润色小建议小建议24 学生过街在车辆中穿行危险学生过街在车辆中穿行危险thread ones way，when doingIt is dangerous for the students to thread their way among b
22、uses and cars when crossing the road.固定句型固定句型It is +adj. for to do.25 Students are risking their lives to thread their way among cars.润色润色小建议小建议2. Some are exposed to danger when crossing the ocean/ sea of cars. 灵活运用其它的短语进行意译：灵活运用其它的短语进行意译： 适当增加形容词和副词：适当增加形容词和副词： it is extremely dangerous，it is of g
23、reat/ tremendous danger26 suggest/suggestion,suggest/suggestion, take steps/ measures/ action to do such astake steps/ measures/ action to do such as政府应采取措施政府应采取措施, ,如修天桥等。如修天桥等。My suggestion is that the government should表语从句表语从句固定句型固定句型 It is high time that(虚拟语气虚拟语气)It is high time that relevant au
24、thorities took some measures like buildingI suggest that the government should take steps such as building an overpass.简单句简单句271. In order to release the stress of traffic problems, 润色润色小建议小建议2. Aimed at solving these problems, the government shouldA. 适当添加一些意思（过渡句）适当添加一些意思（过渡句）The government should
25、pay more attention to it and try to solve it.B. 语义的意译语义的意译3. Seeing these matters, never will I stop urging our government to take some measures. For the sake of improving the quality of traffic, it is significant to buildC. 添加形容词和副词添加形容词和副词I strongly suggest, active/effective measures28第三步第三步. 连句成文
26、连句成文但要注意：篇章的连贯性但要注意：篇章的连贯性Next to a primary school stands our school, facing a main street. _, its crammed with cars during the rush hour. _ children have to be picked up by their parents owing to their young age. _, its of great danger for the students to go through the traffic. _, it is high time
27、that relevant authorities took some measures like building an overpass.A. As a consequence B. According to the phenomenon stated above C. When it comes to traffic jamsD. What makes things worse is that A.C.D.B.29反面范例反面范例30反面范例反面范例31反面范例反面范例32反面范例反面范例33不推荐字体不推荐字体34优点：考生能灵活地处理各个信息点，大量运用非谓语，介词短优点：考生能灵活
28、地处理各个信息点，大量运用非谓语，介词短语，从句，连词等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰显个性和语言功语，从句，连词等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰显个性和语言功底。底。优秀作文范例优秀作文范例1 135优秀作文范例优秀作文范例2 2优点：考生的书面整洁，字体美观，运用优点：考生的书面整洁，字体美观，运用there be句型，介词短语，从句，非谓语，套用句式等来句型，介词短语，从句，非谓语，套用句式等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰显内涵和语言功底。提亮句子，使得文章更彰显内涵和语言功底。36优秀作文范例优秀作文范例3 3优点：考生运用倒装句，优点：考生运用倒装句，so that句式，精彩的句式，精彩的表达以及虚拟
29、语气等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰表达以及虚拟语气等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰显内涵和语言功底。显内涵和语言功底。37优秀作文范例优秀作文范例4 4优点：该考生最大的特色是运用了大量的高级词优点：该考生最大的特色是运用了大量的高级词汇等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰显深厚的语言底汇等来提亮句子，使得文章更彰显深厚的语言底蕴。蕴。3839优秀作文范例优秀作文范例5 540优秀作文范例优秀作文范例6 641Congestion n. 阻塞阻塞, 拥挤拥挤, 充血充血4243如何给阅卷人以好的第一直观印象如何给阅卷人以好的第一直观印象整体三部分整体三部分 Heading点题；一两个句子；概括性；暗示性2. Bo
30、dy 中心记述部分；层次分明3. Ending 小结；呼应主题44 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友假定你是李华，你的英国朋友PeterPeter来信向你咨询来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。如何才能学好中文。 注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头语注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头语已给出。已给出。Dear Peter,Dear Peter, Im glad to receive your letter asking Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice no how to learn Chinese for my advic
31、e no how to learn Chinese well._ well._ _ _Best wishes,Best wishes,Li HuaLi Hua 参加中文学习班；参加中文学习班； 看电视，报纸，杂志；看电视，报纸，杂志； 学唱中文歌曲；学唱中文歌曲； 交中国朋友；交中国朋友；45Dear Peter,Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a
32、Chinese course, as youll be able to learn from the teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers, and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so youll lea
33、rn and remember Chinese words more easily. In addition, You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.Try writing to me in Chinese next time.Best wishes, Li Hua46为了迎接即将到来的期末考试，你校要取消所有的体育课。请你以学生王丽的身份给校长写一封信，建议不要取消体育课。注意：1. 词数：120左右； 2. 文章的开头已给
34、出，不计入总词数。Dear Headmaster, Im writing to express my views concerning our schools decision that all physical education should be cancelled.47常见连接词常见连接词表时间关系：表时间关系： when / after / before / until / not until as soon as / later / afterwards / soon / lately / recently / since / eventually / from then on /
35、 in the meanwhile (meantime) / then / finally/ at last / all of a sudden / after a while / since then / immediately / instantly / every time / each time / the first time48常见连接词常见连接词罗列观点：罗列观点： Firstly / First of all / To begin with / Above all / In the first place / On one hand For one thing, Secondl
36、y / Besides / Apart from / Whats more, / In addition， / Furthermore, / Moreover，/ Worse still, / To make matters worse, / as well / On the other hand / For another thing, / Next, Finally / In the end / At last / Last but not least,49常见连接词常见连接词表列举：表列举： for example (instance) / such as / take for exam
37、ple / thats to say / in other words / as follows表条件关系：表条件关系： if / unless / as long as / on condition that / only if50常见连接词常见连接词表因果关系：表因果关系： since / as / because / for / thanks to / due to/ owing to / as a result of / for the reason that / now that / therefore / so / as a result表陈述事实表陈述事实: in fact /
38、actually / as a matter of fact / to tell you the truth / to be honest / honestly speaking51常见连接词常见连接词表让步转折关系：表让步转折关系： however / but / on the contrary / nevertheless / instead / despite / in spite of (the fact that ) / whereas / though / although / as / even if (though) / while / in contrast / after
39、all表目的：表目的： For this reason / purpose, For the purpose of so that in order to / so as to 52常见连接词常见连接词表总结：表总结： As I have shown, / In short, / In brief, / In conclusion, / In a word, / On the whole, / All in all, / In general, / In summary, / As has been stated, 表换种方式表达：表换种方式表达： in other words / that is to say / to put it another way
