1、宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(B 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:英语（二外）英语（二外）科目代码科目代码：244适用专业适用专业:日语语言文学日语语言文学第 1 页 共 6 页Part I: Cloze Test (30%)SectionADirections:Read the passage carefully, fill in each blank with an appropriate word given below and put yourchoice in the ANSWER SHEET.
2、 (20%)whichbetweeneducatorsbiganothersuchdebateforeignerspeersobedientthatorassessmentheatedWesternadvocatingcontrastwhileestablishedvisitsA recent BBC documentary, which filmed an experiment in which five Chinese teachers taught 50students according to Chinese-style education norms at a school in t
3、he United Kingdom, has sparked a_1online debate on whether Chinese or Western methods are better. But2a debate is not new,despite the talk of a cultural clash.The West has for long promoted small classes3focus on students individuality anddifferences, emphasize student-teacher interactions and attac
4、h great importance to cultivating studentsindependence, creativity and ability to communicate. In4, classes in China are5(that is,they have many students), in which teachers are the center, and emphasize uniformity, discipline andteachers authority. Chinese teaching methods focus on students diligen
5、ce, obedience and (for want of abetter term) ability to imitate.The latest online6has again raised the question: Which teaching method is better, theChinese or the Western? For long, most Chinese people and7have taken it for granted that theWestern education model is superior to the Chinese.But with
6、 the rise of China, especially after Shanghai students excellent performance in the Programfor International Student Assessment over the past years, Western governments and8havebecome less certain about the efficacy of their teaching methods. The fact that students nurtured underthe Chinese educatio
7、n model can be equal to or better than their Western9has highlighted theadvantages of the Chinas education model. In particular, the British secretary of educations visit toChina to review the Chinese teaching methods and some Chinese teachers10to the UK to provideeducational aid seem to be a shot i
8、n the arm for the Chinese education model.Many Chinese now believe Chinas basic education system lays a more solid foundation forstudents compared with its11counterparts. The main reason for12is most of the Chinesestudents who go to Western countries for higher education perform excellently despite
9、having to followWestern curricula,13Western students usually find it difficult to cope with Chinas teachingmethods.Media reports say the BBC will use a third party to assess how competent students traveling eitherway are in mathematics, science, English and Chinese before determining which education
10、 model ismore useful for students, the Chinese14the Western. But such comparison and15areunscientific.A country uses a teaching method only as a tool used to realize a specific social purpose, and thuscomparisons16the Chinese and Western education models are uncalled for. Before comparingone educati
11、on model with17, researchers and analysts should consider the different functionsdifferent teaching methods are supposed to perform in their respective social context.Chinas education model is more suited to its social demands; the same applies to the Westernmodel. Despite the Chinese government18th
12、e cultivation of creative talents, many Chinese still宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(B 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:英语（二外）英语（二外）科目代码科目代码：244适用专业适用专业:日语语言文学日语语言文学第 2 页 共 6 页want people to be obedient to their parents, teachers and senior officials. As a result, Chinas educationmodel co
13、ntinues to focus on the sanctity（尊严）of texts and rules.In China, students are expected to be observant but19. But the Western model focuses oncultivating students creativity, and encourages them to criticize20views and defend their stance.As such, both the Chinese and Western education models have s
14、ucceeded in developing the qualities instudents that suit their social demands.Therefore, the aim of a comparative study of Chinese and Western education models should be topromote mutual reference and combine the two into an organic whole that would benefit both teachingmethods.Section BDirection:R
15、ead the following passage carefully, and fill in each blank with an appropriate word to achievecohesion and coherence of the context. (10%)This years UN climate1is kicking off right now at the Qatar National Convention Centre inDoha. It encompasses the 18th Conference of the Parties (COP18) to the U
16、nited Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 8th Meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol(CMP8). Over the next two weeks, nearly 200 nations are seeking to extent a flagging UN-led plan tofight2change into 2013.About 17,000 people including delegates and visitors are in a
17、ttendance, making it Dohas largestever conference. Delegates are looking for a way to extend the Kyoto Protocol,3is the onlylegally binding U.N. plan for cutting emissions by developed4. Its not going to be an easy taskgiven the global economic slowdown and the loss of backing from Russia, Japan and
18、 Canada. Themeeting will also seek to lay the groundwork for a new pact for 2020. This agreement would bind allnations - not just the rich - to curb emissions. The effects of climate change are becoming more apparentthan ever, with floods, droughts, heat waves, the melting Arctic ice caps and rising
19、 sea levels.A U.N. study released last week said that rising greenhouse gas5indicated that globaltemperatures are on course to6between 3 and 5 degrees Celsius. That would have a catastrophiceffect7water and food supplies. A UN conference two years ago saw states agree to try and limitthe temperature
20、 rises to no more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial times. But despite thiscommitment, greenhouse gas levels hit record highs in 2011, despite a world economic8.For many, the 1997 Kyoto pact still offers the best hope of fighting climate change. It bindsdeveloped nations to cut greenhouse
21、gas emissions to an average 5.2 percent below 1990 levels_9_ the years 2008 and 2012.But with many countries reluctant to continue into the second commitment period, Kyoto backersare down to a core group led by the European Union and Australia. Together, they account for less than15 percent of world
22、 emissions. These countries say its pointless to extend cuts under Kyoto when bigemerging nations, led by China, India, Brazil and South Africa, are under no obligation to curb theiremissions. The United States never ratified （批准）Kyoto, for similar reasons.10nations andKyoto backers say it is vital
23、that the rich countries lead the way towards a new world-wide accord.Thats due to be negotiated by the end of 2015 and to enter into force in 2020.Part II: Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.
24、 For each of them there are four choices marked A, C and. You should decideon the best choice and put it in the Answer Sheet.宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(B 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:英语（二外）英语（二外）科目代码科目代码：244适用专业适用专业:日语语言文学日语语言文学第 3 页 共 6 页Passage OneA quality education is the ult
25、imate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the powerto greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities andcountries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would notbe possible.For this
26、reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the worlds childreninto primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All. Can education for all beachieved by 2015? The answer is definitely “yes,” although it is a difficult task. If we now measure thegoal in ter
27、ms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead ofjust enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomeseven more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education
28、for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as thecriterion.Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the internationalcommunity. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if
29、they bringthe efficiency and quality of their education systemsinto line with standards observed inhigher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technicalsupport. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates
30、ofprogress. But this is attainable with creative solutions, including use of information technologies,flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a countrys capacity touse aid well depends heavily on
31、its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores wellon these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.1. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can _.A. free countries from foreign rulesB. speed up social progressC. give people freedomD. li
32、berate people from any exploitation2. Ideally, the goal of the program of Education forAll is to _ by 2015.A. get all the worlds children to complete primary schoolB. enroll all the worlds children into primary schoolC. give quality education to people of 88 countriesD. support those committed to tr
33、ansforming their education systems3. _ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.A. 32B. 59C. 29D. 884. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?A. Raising the efficiency of education systems.B. Improvin
34、g the quality of education.C. Using information technologies.D. Building more primary schools.5. As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid _.A. may not be highly effectiveB. is provided only when some criteria are metC. alone makes development possibleD. is most effective for those cou
35、ntries lagging farthest behindPassage TwoAlthough the Constitution organized the American states into what was then the largest free-trade宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(B 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:英语（二外）英语（二外）科目代码科目代码：244适用专业适用专业:日语语言文学日语语言文学第 4 页 共 6 页zone in the world, geographi
36、cal constraints sorely inhibited trade and commerce. Enormous physicalobstacles and great distances divided the republic. Henry Adams wrote, “No civilized country had yetbeen required to deal with physical difficulties so serious, nor did experience warrant the conviction thatsuch difficulties could
37、 be overcome.” From colonial times to the beginning of the 19th century, themovement of goods from the places of the production to the points of sale continued to be a majorproblem for merchants and consumers alike. Throughout much of the nation, goods were transported bywater from coastal port to c
38、oastal port and along navigable rivers and streams. Some freight moved overprimitive, rutted (有车辙的) roads, but in many areas the absence of roads meant that commoditiescould be transported only by pack horse. The cost of shipping items in such fashion often exceeded theirvalue. Conditions for travel
39、ers were equally as bad. A 5-day trip north from Philadelphia would take atraveler only as far as Connecticut.The political and economic leaders of the country recognized the obstacles to commerce thatdistance and geographical barriers presented. Entrepreneurs and politicians proposed many internald
40、evelopment schemes to improve transportation. In most instances these involved local and stateimprovements, and the projects called invariably for the expenditure of substantial amounts of capital.6. Which statement most accurately relates the main idea of this passage?A. The U.S. Constitution was r
41、esponsible for restriction on business during colonial times.B. The size and physical nature of the U.S. prevented the expansion of trade and commerce fromcolonial times to the early 1800s.C. Businessmen and politicians were successful in their attempts to improve transportation.D. Transportation pr
42、ojects were extremely expensive before 1800.7. The quote from Henry Adams implies, but does not directly state, that _.A. the U.S. was the first civilized country with physical difficultiesB. theAmericans believed that they could overcome their physical difficultiesC. many Americans doubted that geo
43、graphical constraints could be overcomeD. Henry Adams was opposed to the expansion of trade and commerce8. Which of the following statements is not true?A. It was more expensive to ship items by water than by land.B. Shipping items by water was less costly than shipping by land.C. The cost of shippi
44、ng items by pack horse was frequently more expensive than the goods whichwere being supplied.D. Pack horses were necessary in areas where there were no roads.9. Traveling was _.A. much easier than shippingB. more difficult than shippingC. just as difficult as shippingD. necessary if you wanted to bu
45、y goods10. The passage implies, but does not directly state that _.A. transportation problem prior to 1800 caused many businessmen to give upB. improvement of trade and commerce in early U.S. history required hard work and imagination byentrepreneurs and businessmenC. small countries have fewer econ
46、omic problems than big countriesD. big countries with no geographic constraints have few commercial problemsPassageThree宁波大学宁波大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生年攻读硕士学位研究生入入 学学 考考 试试 试试 题题(B 卷卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目考试科目:英语（二外）英语（二外）科目代码科目代码：244适用专业适用专业:日语语言文学日语语言文学第 5 页 共 6 页It is natural for young people to be critical
47、of their parents at times and to blame them for most ofthe misunderstanding between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that theirparents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trusttheir children to deal with crisis; that they
48、talk too much about certain problems; and they have no senseof humor, at least in parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how theythemselves felt when young.Young people often irritate their parents with choices in clothes
49、 and hairstyle, in entertainers andmusic. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet beenaccepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music ofentertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irrita
50、te their parents, this gives them additionalenjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style andtaste.Sometimes you are resistant and proud, because you do not want your parents to approve of whatyou do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are t
