1、湖湖南南幼幼专专英语简单句英语简单句五五 大大 基基 本本 句句 型型 分析英语简单句五大基本句型,是解读英语句子和构造英语句子的基础。因为英语中各种复杂的句子均是由这五种基本句型扩大、组合、省略或倒装等形式变化而来。1. 学英语很重要。2. 今天天气好。先看看怎么翻译这两个句子吧!1. 学英语很重要。 2. 今天天气好。1. Studying English is very important.2. It is fine today.1. Study English very important.2. Today weather very fine.x x中文句子可以没有明显的谓语动词英语的
2、句子必须有谓语动词可以这样翻译吗?再看看这个句子的翻译吧!3. She finished her homework.A. 她完成了家庭作业。C. 家庭作业,她完成了。3. She finished her homework.中文句子词语摆放词语摆放位置较随意位置较随意英语的句子词语摆放词语摆放位置更固定位置更固定B. 她把家庭作业完成了。只能这样翻译吗?不是啦,这样摆也无所谓!不是啦,这样摆也无所谓!回头看看刚才三句话:中文中文英文英文谓语动词语序 学英语很重要。2.今天天气好。3.She finished her homework.To study English is very impor
3、tant.It is fine today. A. 她完成了家庭作业B. 她把家庭作业完成了C. 家庭作业,她完成了。我们发现:中文中文英文英文谓语动词可以没有可以没有谓语动词必须有必须有谓语动词语序可以没有可以没有必须有必须有我们发现: 学英语很重要。2.今天天气好。3.She finished her homework.To study English is very important.It is fine today. A. 她完成了家庭作业B. 她把家庭作业完成了C. 家庭作业,她完成了。中文中文英文英文谓语动词可以没有可以没有谓语动词必须有必须有谓语动词语序词语摆放位置较随意位置较
4、随意词语摆放位置更固定位置更固定可以没有可以没有必须有必须有位置较随意位置较随意位置更固定位置更固定我们发现: 学英语很重要。2.今天天气好。3.She finished her homework.To study English is very important.It is fine today. A. 她完成了家庭作业B. 她把家庭作业完成了C. 家庭作业,她完成了。中文中文英文英文谓语动词可以没有可以没有谓语动词必须有必须有谓语动词语序词语摆放位置较随意位置较随意词语摆放位置更固定位置更固定归纳为一句话,就是: 英语是以动词为核心,有固定语序的语言 英语是以动词为核心,有 固定语序 的
5、语言fix-word-order先看看这固 定 语 序fix-word-orderorderWhat orderorder 语序语序 !先看看这 英语是以动词为核心,有 固定语序 的语言固 定 语 序What order?看看描述这张春天图的几个句子吧!找找英语句子最基本的语序。1.Spring is coming.2.The weather turns warm.3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness.5.I like spring.What order?What order?predicat
6、e谓语1.Spring is coming.2.The weather turns warm.3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness.5.I like spring.subject主语What order?1.Spring is coming.2.The weather turns warm.3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness.5.I like spring.subject主语predicat
7、e谓语What order?1.Spring is coming.2.The weather turns warm.3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness.5.I like spring.subject主语predicate谓语What order?1.Spring is coming.2.The weather turns warm.3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness.5.I like sp
8、ring.subject主语predicate谓语What order?1.Spring is coming.2.The weather turns warm.3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness.5.I like spring.subject主语predicate谓语What order? 1.Spring is coming.2. The weather turns warm.3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so mu
9、ch happiness.5.I like spring.每个英语陈述句都有:主语+谓语 subject+predicate回头看看刚才的重点: 英语是以动词为核心,有固定语序的语言 每个英语陈述句都有:主语+谓语 英语是以动词为核心,有固定语序的语言 每个英语陈述句都有:主语+谓语等等!谓语谓语动词后面还有什么?这怎么理解?以动词为核心1.Spring is coming.2. The weather turns warm.3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness.5.I like spring
10、.后面什么也没有!Nothing!也好长一个名词,是like的对象一个形容词,描述主语weather好长一截5句话情况各不相同啊!谓语动词后面还有什么?谓语动词后面还有什么?5句话情况各不相同啊! 英语句子以动词为核心。也就是:谓语动词的类别,决定后面所接成分各不相同。1. 能独立做谓语的动词有哪些类别?2. 后面都接些什么成分?新问题!新问题! 英语句子以动词为核心。也就是:谓语动词的类别,决定后面所接成分各不相同。1不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)不及物动词不及物动词不能直接加宾语不能直接加宾语能独立作谓语的动词有三类:能独立作谓语的动词有三类:2系动词系动词(link v.)后面后面跟表语
11、跟表语构成完整意思构成完整意思3及物动词及物动词(vt.) 及物动词及物动词必须加宾语必须加宾语1不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如:不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如:Spring is coming. He died.She lives in Paris.1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(S+Vi)如果谓语动词是Vi,那么基本句型就是:如果需要宾语,则一定出现介词帮忙。谓语后面可以什么都不接。2系动词系动词(link v.)后面跟表语构成完整意思。如:后面跟表语构成完整意思。如:The weather turns warm.I am a teacher. 哪些动词是系动词哪
12、些动词是系动词?常见的系动词常见的系动词:1. Be(是)(是): is ,am, are 2. 表变化系动词(变得表变化系动词(变得):):get, turn, become3. 感官系动词(感官系动词(起来):起来):sound, smell, look, taste, feel表语是什么表语是什么? 跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句, ,用来用来说明主语的说明主语的身身份份, ,特征特征, ,状态。副词一般不会充当表语。状态。副词一般不会充当表语。2系动词系动词(link v.)后面跟表语构成完整意思。如:后面跟表语构成完整意思。如:The weather tur
13、ns warm.I am a teacher. 例句中的系动词是例句中的系动词是?turn, am 例句中的表语是例句中的表语是? warm, a teacher, ,用来用来说明主语的说明主语的状态状态, ,身份身份 2. 主语+谓语(连系动词)+表语 (S+Vlink v +P)如果谓语动词是link V,那么基本句型就是:3. 及物动词及物动词(vt.)及物动词必须加宾语,宾语是及物动词所表示动作的承受对象。及物动词必须加宾语,宾语是及物动词所表示动作的承受对象。宾语形态可以有三种:宾语形态可以有三种: (1) (1)及物动词宾语及物动词宾语 如:如: I like spring. (2
14、)及物动词及物动词+间接宾语(人)间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事直接宾语(事) 如:如: Spring brings me so much happiness. (3) 及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补 如:如: I see birds flying in the sky. 三种哦,(2)和(3)有什么区别啦! (2) 及物动词及物动词+间接宾语(人)间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事直接宾语(事) 如:如: Spring brings me so much happiness.试试回答这两个问题:1. Whom does spring bring happiness to?2. What doe
15、s spring bring me?Keys:1. Brings to me2. Brings so much happiness. 可见,me 和so much happiness 都是谓语动词bring涉及的宾语,两者是并列关系。Spring bringsSpring brings 宾语宾语A(whom):A(whom): meme宾语宾语B(what):B(what): so much happiness.so much happiness.嗯,这样写着更并列!嗯,这样写着更并列!试试回答这两个问题: What do I see flying in the sky?2. What are
16、 flying in the sky? (3) 及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补 如:如: I see birds flying in the sky. Keys: 1. I see birds. 2. Birds are flying in the sky. birds和flying in the sky不是并列关系,而是逻辑上的主谓关系。如果在birds和flying in the sky之间加上be动词,能构成一个语义通顺的句子。 也就是说flying in the sky是补充birds(宾语)的状态,故称为“宾补”。 谁和你并列!3. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O)
17、 4. 主语+ 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) 5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+OC) 如果谓语动词是Vt,那么基本句型有三种:有统计表明,英文的句子有80%都是这种。我们之前的问题是:1. 能独立做谓语的动词有哪些类别?2. 后面都接些什么成分?1.Spring is coming.2. The weather turns warm.3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4.Spring brings me so much happiness.5.I like spring.2. 根据谓语动词的类别,其后
18、成分为:a. 不及物动词(vi.)后面,空缺b. 系动词(link v.)后面跟表语构成完整意思c. 及物动词(vt.) 后面有三种宾语形态1. 能独立做谓语的动词有哪些类别?2. 后面都接些什么成分?1. 能独立做谓语的动词有三类。 1 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(S+Vi) Spring is coming.2 主语+谓语(连系动词)+表语(S+V link v +P) The weather turns warm.3 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O) I like spring.4 主语+ 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) Spring brin
19、gs me so much happiness.5 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+OC) I see birds flying in the sky.英语简单句五大基本句型:根据我们的分析,以动词为核心的句型有:回头看看今天的重点:中文中文英文英文谓语动词可以没有可以没有谓语动词必须有必须有谓语动词语序词语摆放位置较随意位置较随意词语摆放位置更固定位置更固定归纳为一句话,就是: 英语是以动词为核心,有固定语序的语言 1.Spring is coming.2. The weather turns warm.3.I see birds flying in the sky. 4
20、.Spring brings me so much happiness.5.I like spring.What order?每个英语陈述句都有:主语+谓语 英语是以动词为核心,有固定语序的语言 1 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(S+Vi)2 主语+谓语(连系动词)+表语(S+V linkv +P)3 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O)4 主语+ 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO)5 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+OC)英语简单句五大基本句型:每个英语陈述句都有:主语+谓语下面让我们进入进阶练习: (一)(一)1. 下列四个句子中,哪一
21、个谓语动词是系动词。下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词是系动词。A. The flower is beautiful. B. They are drinking water.C. A new cinema is being built hereD. Summer is coming.2. 下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词后是宾语下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词后是宾语+宾补。宾补。A. I gave her a book. B. She showed her friends all the pictures.C. Our teacher said that he would go there.D. I
22、 saw her come out of the room.3. 下句中的谓语动词是哪个单词,属于什么类别?The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.A. is 系动词 B. walk 及物动词 C.is 助动词 D. walk 不及物动词4. 辨别下列句子属于哪一种基本句型S+Vt+O。AThe weather is very cold.BHe came.C. They like watching TV. D. I gave his wife a present. 5. “昨晚抓住了三个小偷”, 下面
23、哪一句翻译是正确的?A. Three thieves were caught last night.B. Last night caught three thieves.C. Caught three thieves last night.D. Three thieves caught last night.addca下面让我们进入进阶练习:(二)1. 下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词是系动词。下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词是系动词。A. We went swimming very early.B. The meat went bad. C. He goes to school at six e
24、very day.D. I must go and see this film.2. 下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词后是宾语下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词后是宾语+宾补。宾补。A. He brings me cookies every day.B. She likes playing basketball.C. She made me a beautiful dress.D. John asked me to help him. 3. 下句中的谓语动词是哪个单词,属于什么类别?I come here to have a talk with you.A. come 及物动词 B. have 及物
25、动词 C. talk 不及物动词 D. come 不及物动词下面让我们进入进阶练习:4. 辨别下列句子属于哪一种基本句型S+Vlinkv+P。AShe looks very young BI saw her.C. We study English. D. She gave me her address. 5“昨晚在街上汽车压死也一个人”,下面哪一句翻译是正确的?A. A man was killed by a bus in the street yesterday evening.B. Yesterday evening in the street a bus killed a man.C.
26、A bus killed a man in the street yesterday evening.D. Yesterday evening killed a man by bus in the street.bddaa下面让我们进入进阶练习:1. 下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词是系动词。下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词是系动词。A. Her face turned red.B. He turned down the radio.C. As the wheel turned, the potter shaped the clay.D. All the students turned to pa
27、ge fifteen.2. 下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词后是宾语下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词后是宾语+宾补。宾补。A. The curtain rises at six. B. She showed her friends all the pictures.C. She told me to stand up.D. He played the role of Hamlet in the drama.3. 下句中的谓语动词是哪个单词,属于什么类别?My brother hasnt done his homework.A. have 及物动词 B. do 及物动词 C. have不及物动词 D
28、. do 不及物动词下面让我们进入进阶练习:4. 辨别下列句子属于哪一种基本句型S+Vt+O。A. I am a student.B. He wanted to have a pen. C. The accident happened suddenly.D. He brings cookies to me every day.5. “昨天他跟玛丽解释了这个答案”, 下面哪一句翻译是不正确的?A. Yesterday he explained the answer to Mary.B. He explained Mary the answer yesterday.C. He explained
29、the answer to Mary yesterday.D. Yesterday he to Mary explained the answer.acbbd1下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词是系动词。下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词是系动词。A. I took a fresh rose out of vase and smelled it.B. The smell of freshly baked bread came into the class.C. My feet smelled.D. Lilies smell sweet.2. 下列四个句子中,哪一个谓语动词后是宾语下列四个句子中,哪一个
30、谓语动词后是宾语+宾补。宾补。A. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. B. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. C. They called me when they had a rest.D. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. 3. 下句中的谓语动词是哪个单词,属于什么类别?To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.A. do 及物动词 B. help 及物动词 C. i
31、s系动词 D. do 不及物动词4. 辨别下列句子属于哪一种基本句型S+Vt+IO+DO。A. My sister is a nurse.B. The trees turn green.C. She made a beautiful dress for me.D. We elected him chairman.5. “处处都有热心人”, 下面哪一句翻译是正确的?A. Everywhere have warmhearted people.B. There are warmhearted people everywhere.C. Everywhere is warmhearted people.D. There has warmhearted people everywhere.daccb53