1、分词分词作作状语状语分词在句中作分词在句中作状语状语，修饰谓语动词或整个，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况结果、条件、伴随状况等。等。1.分词作状语形式的选择分词作状语形式的选择形式v.ing (doing)Having+v.-ed (having done)v.-ed (done)意义与句中主语构成逻辑与句中主语构成逻辑上的上的主谓主谓关系，与句关系，与句中谓语动词中谓语动词同时发生同时发生，或基本上同时发生。或基本上同时发生。与句中主语构成逻辑与句中主语构成逻辑上的上的主谓主谓关系，关系，先于先于谓语动词发生
2、。谓语动词发生。与句中主语构成逻辑与句中主语构成逻辑上的上的动宾动宾关系关系being+v.-ed (being done)与句中主语构成逻与句中主语构成逻辑上的辑上的动宾动宾关系关系,且且与谓语动词与谓语动词同时发同时发生生，一般，一般作原因状作原因状语置于句首。语置于句首。与句中主语构成逻与句中主语构成逻辑上的辑上的动宾动宾关系关系,且且先于先于谓语动词发生。谓语动词发生。having been+v-ed (having been done)2.分词作状语的基本原则1）分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。2）分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用
3、分词作状语。1）Being ill, he didnt go to school.2) Given much more time, he would do it better.Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. （听见和进入两个动（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）作同时发生）The building being built now is our new library. （being built为现在分词的被动形为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）式，表示动作正在进行之中。）Having don
4、e the work, he went home. 完成完成了工作，他就回家了。了工作，他就回家了。分词作状语1.作时间状语作时间状语1）Having finished his homework, he went to play football.2) Hearing the news, they got excited.2.作原因状语作原因状语1）Not knowing his address, she went to a policeman for help.2) Being ill, he was late for school.3. 作伴随状语作伴随状语1) He stood agai
5、nst the door, reading a newspaper. (表伴随情况表伴随情况)2) I stayed up very late, preparingmy speech.(说明细节情况说明细节情况)4.作条件状语作条件状语1）Given a chance, I can surprise the world.2) Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks very beautiful.5.作让步状语作让步状语Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mista
6、ke.6.作结果状语作结果状语1）She was caught in a heavy rain, falling ill.2) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.注：现在分词作结果状语，表示由谓语注：现在分词作结果状语，表示由谓语动词部分所造成的结果。动词部分所造成的结果。1）表时间状语表时间状语Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old
7、friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.2) 表原因状语表原因状语Being ill, he didnt go to school.既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。Being a student, you should study hard.(=Since you are a student, you should studyhard.）由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。Thinking he migh
8、t be at home, I called him.(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)3)表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个主语的一个 动作动作，或是，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或，或是是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明充说明。Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sof
9、a, and watched TV.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。Laughing and talking_ , they went into the classroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)4) 表结果表结果Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and lef
10、t her with her younger brother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。迎的歌曲。The song is sung all over the making it the most popular songcountry,_.5)表条件表条件Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。Walking ahead_,
11、you will see a white house.6)表让步表让步Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.( 伴随动作伴随动作)2) Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set.(原因原因)Using your head, youll find a good way.条件条件3) Working hard, youll surely succe
12、ed.条件条件4) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.伴随伴随5) He came running back to tell me the news. 方式方式6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened. (时间时间, 可以在分词前保留可以在分词前保留when )7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against th
13、e door. 结果结果Practise: (1)They set out _ for the _ boy.BA.searching; losing B. searching; lost B. C. to search; lost D. searched; losingC.(2) The student sat there, _ what to do.DD.doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing E. C. not know D. not knowing现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面前面加加not (never)(3)He
14、sat there _ , with his head on his hand.BA.and think B. thinking B. C. thought D. being thought高考链接高考链接1.The secretary worked late into the Bnight, _a long speech for the president.A.To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 现在分词作伴随状语现在分词作伴随状语B. 2.European football is played in 80 countri
15、es, A_ it the most popular sport in the world.现在分词表结果状语现在分词表结果状语C.Making B. makes C. made D. to makeA3. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing现在分词作伴随状语现在分词作伴随状语4. _ a reply, he decided to write again.CA.Not receiv
16、ing B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 作原因状语作原因状语AB. 5._ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.C.Not knowing B. knowing not D.C. Not having known D. Having not known现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。定词通常放在现在分词前面。单句改错单句改错1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it.Not having2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.working3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.Seeing4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.speaking
