1、Unit 7 The SeaLesson 1 The Spirit of Explorers必修三必修三 To practise reading for specific information. To practise using relative clauses with when, where and why. To practise using relative clauses with prepositions and relative pronouns. To review and consolidate the relative pronouns. To talk about e
2、xplorers.ObjectivesDo you know any explorers at sea?Zheng He was a Hui Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral, who made the voyages along with Wang Jinghong to Southeast Asia, South Asia, and East Africa, collectively referred to as the travels of Zheng He to the Western Ocean, from 1
3、405 to 1433.James CookThe routes of Captain James Cooks voyages. The first voyage is shown in red, second voyage in green, and third voyage in blue. The route of Cooks crew following his death is shown as a dashed blue line. Christopher Columbus(1451 20 May 1506) was a Spanish sailor. He made four v
4、oyages. He is famous all over the world now. People consider him to have discovered America first.Voyages of Christopher ColumbusThe Vikings were a group of Scandinavian people who sailed in ships to attack areas along the coastsof northern and western Europe from the 8th to 11th centuries.the Vikin
5、gs维京人的海洋探险维京人的海洋探险 - 维京人扩张图维京人扩张图The Vikings, the first Europeans who reached America1. Which of the following people do you think arrived in America first?a) Christopher Columbusb) Ancient Greeksc) Chinese sailorsd) Vikingsd) VikingsPart IBefore you start2. Find Chinese names for these places on pa
6、ge 110.ScandinaviaIcelandNorwayGreenlandNewfoundland格陵兰（丹麦）格陵兰（丹麦）纽芬兰纽芬兰挪威挪威冰岛冰岛斯堪的纳维亚斯堪的纳维亚ScandinaviaIcelandNewfoundlandGreenlandScandinavia Greenland a large island in the North Atlantic Ocean, near Northeastern Canada an area of North Europe consisting of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland and Fin
7、land3. Match the words with their explanations. a country in the North Atlantic a large island in Eastern Canada NewfoundlandIceland Viking Voyages to AmericaPart IIReadingThe painting shows Viking raider in about the year 1,100.This is the Vinland-map. It might be the oldest map of North America. S
8、ome people believe the Vikings drew it. They think Christopher Columbus may have used it to find the New world.Eric the Red (950?-1003 or 1004) was a Viking explorer who was the first European in Greenland. He led a group of colonists to Greenland in 986.Scandinavia is a historical and geographical
9、region innorthern Europe that consists of the kingdoms of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland and Finland.Fast ReadingTrue or false.1) Eric the Red wanted to get a land which could be colonized so he decided to set sail further.2) Biarni set sail from Iceland in order to join Leifs father.FF3) Biarni d
10、iscovered Greenland first.4) The Vikings were stronger and stronger in Northern Europe from the 8th to 10th century. 5) According to official records Europeans reached America long before Columbus ever set sail.FTFCareful ReadingFill in the blanks with the detailed information.Part 1 _ were the firs
11、t Europeans to reach America . ( Para. 1)The VikingsPart 2 About the Vikings: ( Para. 2)The Vikings ancestors came from: _ ScandinaviaBetween the 8th and 10th centuries: _By around 900 AD: _In 982 AD: a._b._controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europechose many places in Northern Europe to live
12、Eric the Red decided to set sail further west10,000 Vikings lived in IcelandPart 3 The Vikings four voyages to America ( Paras.3-5)1) Eric the Reds exploration ( Para. 3)Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because _He returned to Iceland to _He set sail once again with _ he had committed a murd
13、er for which he got into trouble. persuade some people to go with him to Greenland. 25 ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland.Biarnis exploration (Para.4)When and why did Biarni set sail from Iceland ?What happened to him during the voyage ?Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland,
14、Biarni set sail in search of Erics party.He was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land.Leif and Biarnis exploration (Para.5)When was Leif planning the trip further west?Where did they arrive ?In the year 1002.They sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada, then
15、sailed further south to Newfoundland.Did he finally reach Greenland?Yes, he did.Part 4 How do we know about the stories? (Para. 6)The stories about the Vikings were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland, which are the first records of Europeans sailing to the Americas.3. Complete the ta
16、ble about the Vikings three major discoveries.When?Who?What?How?the middle of the ninth centurydiscover -ed Icelandblown there by a stormEric the RedSummarizenot longer after Eric the Red had landed in GreenlandBiarniunknown landblown off coursethe year 1002Leif (the son of Eric the Red) and BiarniV
17、inland (now known as Newfound -land)planned the trip4. Read the text again and answer the following questions.1) Why did Eric the Red leave Iceland?2) Who was Biarni looking for when he was blown to an unknown land ?He was forced to leave Iceland because he got into trouble for a murder he had commi
18、tted.He was looking for his father who was with Erics party.3) How do we know about the Vikings?We know about them through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland.Part IIIVoice your opinion5. Do you think it matters which Europeans first reached America?Discuss with you
19、r partner and tell the class.Part IVVocabulary6. Definitions: Find the words in the text that match most closely with the meaning of the words below.1 finally2 succeed3 never heard of4 start a sea journey5 looking for6 sea journey7 now8 based oneventuallyachieveunknownset sailin search ofvoyageprese
20、nt-dayaccording to1. They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail. 早在哥伦布启航前，他们就已经到达那早在哥伦布启航前，他们就已经到达那里了。里了。1) long before “在在之前很久之前很久” 比较：比较： before long = soon “不久不久” He will come back to see us before long. 他很快就会回来看我们。他很快就会回来看我们。Part VLanguage Points常见句型：常见句型： It +be + 时间时间 + before“过了多久过
21、了多久才才”It was a long time before I fell asleep lastnight.昨晚我过了很久昨晚我过了很久才睡着。才睡着。 It+be+ not +long +before “不久就不久就”It wont be long before we see each other.我们不久就会见面的我们不久就会见面的。2) set sail = start a sea journey （起航）（起航） set out = set forth = set off （起程；出（起程；出发；动身）发；动身） set out to do sth. 开始做某事开始做某事 set
22、about doing sth. 开始做某事，着手开始做某事，着手做某事（不用于被动语态）做某事（不用于被动语态） The government must set about finding solutions to the pollution problem. 政府必须立即找出治理污染的办法。政府必须立即找出治理污染的办法。 They set out to repair the road. 他们开始维修公路了。他们开始维修公路了。2. According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to
23、leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble. 根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克雷德因雷德因一起谋杀而惹上麻烦并被迫离开冰岛。一起谋杀而惹上麻烦并被迫离开冰岛。1)according to as stated or shown by =based on 根据，依据根据，依据 后面接短语，不能接句子。后面接短语，不能接句子。 The price changed according to the season. 价格根据季节变化。价格根据季节变化。2) be fo
24、rced to do sth. 被迫做某事被迫做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事强迫某人做某事 The workers were forced to work at least 16 hours a day. 工人们被迫每天至少工作工人们被迫每天至少工作16个小时。个小时。3) get into trouble to put (oneself or someone else) into a bad condition 陷入困境；陷入麻烦陷入困境；陷入麻烦 Do not go to computer rooms, or youll get into trouble.
25、 别进入计算机房，否则你会惹麻烦的。别进入计算机房，否则你会惹麻烦的。have trouble (in) doing something 做某事有困难做某事有困难Did you have any trouble( in) finding the house? 你找到这所房子有困难吗？你找到这所房子有困难吗？Do you have trouble remembering names at parties?在聚会上记住人的名字有困难吗在聚会上记住人的名字有困难吗?3. He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.他说服一些人和
26、他一起回到了格陵兰岛。他说服一些人和他一起回到了格陵兰岛。persuade sb. to do sth.说服、劝服某人做某事说服、劝服某人做某事He persuaded me to buy the house.他说服我买了这房子。他说服我买了这房子。He advised (tried to persuade) me to buy the house, but I didnt.他建议我买这房子，却没有把我说服。他建议我买这房子，却没有把我说服。常用搭配常用搭配persuade sb. into doing sth. = talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事说服某人做某事
27、persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of doing sth. = talk sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不要做某事说服某人不要做某事persuade sb of sth. 使某人相信某事使某人相信某事典例链接典例链接1)He persuaded me into majoring in physics. 他说服我主修物理。他说服我主修物理。2) I persuaded her not to go hiking with him.= I persuaded her out of going hiking with h
28、im. 我说服她不要和他去跋涉旅行。我说服她不要和他去跋涉旅行。3) How can you persuade them of the advantages of solar cars? 你怎样才能使他们相信太阳能汽车的好处你怎样才能使他们相信太阳能汽车的好处呢？呢？ 4. a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Erics party. in search of 寻找寻找 The boys went out in search of something to eat. 这个男孩出去找些吃的东西。这个男孩出去找些吃的东西。s
29、earch for 到处寻找到处寻找I must search for that lost money. 我必须寻找我丢失的钱。我必须寻找我丢失的钱。search somebody 搜身搜身The police searched the prisoner to see if he had a gun. 警察搜了这个犯人的身警察搜了这个犯人的身, 看他是否带枪。看他是否带枪。search someplace 搜某地搜某地They searched every room in the house but found nothing. 他们搜了这所房子的每一个房间他们搜了这所房子的每一个房间, 但什
30、么但什么也没找到。也没找到。 5. voyage, journey, tour, travel 和和 tripvoyage指水陆或空中长距离的航行；指水陆或空中长距离的航行；journey指到某一目的地的旅行，往往指指到某一目的地的旅行，往往指距离较远，多指陆地旅行；距离较远，多指陆地旅行；tour指周游，指周游，往往指绕行后又重回出发点的旅行；往往指绕行后又重回出发点的旅行；travel泛指旅行，多用于长途旅行；泛指旅行，多用于长途旅行；trip多多指短途旅行。指短途旅行。即时演练即时演练Fill in the blanks with voyage, journey, tour, trave
31、l or trip.1) The _ from America to France used to take two months.2) How did you enjoy your _ in Europe?3) I go to work by train, and the _ takes half an hour.4) He made a five-month _ of India and the Far East.5) He took us on a _ of his new house.voyagetraveltrip/journeytourtour6) The _ across the
32、 sea was smooth.7) She had been away on a long _.8) I dont believe well be able to afford any _.9) Will you please bring back some sugar on your next _ to the kitchen?10) _ were arranged for the foreign visitors to see the Great Wall.voyagetrip/journeytraveljourneyTours Relative Clauses (II)Grammar7
33、. Read these sentences from the text and in pairs, work out which word introduces a relative clause and what it refers to.a) By around 900 AD, there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live.b) Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where
34、he landed.Part VI GrammarRelative clauses with where, when and whyRelative adverbs where and when can be used to give information about places and time. After the word reason, we can use why in relative clauses.1) This is the place _ I lost my purse.2) Marco Polo traveled in China, _ there were inve
35、ntions and developments at that time.3) She still remembers the day _ Bill first walked into her office.4) Do you know the reason _ hes so angry with me?wherewhenwhy8. Fill in the blanks with where, when and why.whereRelative clauses with prepositions + which/whom Relative pronouns can be used as th
36、e objects of prepositions. Usually we use prepositions before which and whom, that is, prepositions + which/whomFor example:1) This is the book for which he is looking.2) He is the teacher with whom I discussed my project. We choose prepositions either according to the noun or pronoun it defines or
37、to the related verb in the clause.For example:1) The train on which Im travelling is for Shanghai.2) This is the professor from whom Ive learned a lot.3) Shes doing an important project about which I know little.(on the train)(learn from)(know about) But, in everyday English, it is more usual to put
38、 the preposition at the end of the clause and to leave out the relative pronoun which, whom.For example:1)The train Im travelling on is for Shanghai.= The train which/ that Im travelling on is for Shanghai.2) This is the professor Ive learned a lot from.3) Shes doing an important project I know litt
39、le about.4) Have you seen the telescope I studied the skies with?= This is the professor whom/that Ive learned a lot from.= Shes doing an important project about which I know little. = Have you seen the telescope with which I studied the skies.定语从句定语从句 在英语中，修饰在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子名词或代词的句子叫叫定语从句。例：定语从句。例：
40、The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.That is the bike which my father bought for me.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有等。关系词常有3个作用：个作用： 1.引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 2.
41、 代替先行词。代替先行词。 3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。 关系副词关系副词和关系代词一样，在复合句中和关系代词一样，在复合句中引导定语从句，其作用有：引导定语从句，其作用有： 1) 在从句中代替先行词；在从句中代替先行词； 2) 在句中在句中作状语作状语； 3) 连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的带有定语从句的 复合句。复合句。 关系副词关系副词有有三种三种：where: 在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点 (on / in / at which) when: 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指
42、代时间指代时间 (on / in which) why: 在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因指代原因 (the reason why) The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean. The hotel (关系词略关系词略) we stayed at wasnt clean.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League. = Ill ne
43、ver forget the day on which I joined the League.The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is not clear.介词介词+关系词引导定语从句关系词引导定语从句 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的状语的“介词介词+关系词关系词”结构，可以同关结构，可以同关系副词系副词when、 where和和why互换。互换。1. This is the
44、house in which I lived two years ago. =This is the house where I lived two years ago. 2. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? =Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 3. Does this road lead to the village in which the famous scientist once lived and worked? (in which = whe
45、re) 4. I will never forget the day on which I joined the youth league. (on which = when)5. Here comes the kind professor to whom we often turn for help. (turn to sb. for help) 6. Who is the young woman with whom our headmaster is shaking hands? (shake hands with sb.)7. Please tell me the reason why
46、you missed the plane.9. Join the pairs of sentences usingrelative pronouns.1)I have five balloons. Three of them are yellow.2)David is my friend. I often play tennis with him.I have five balloons, of which three are yellow.David is my friend, with whom I often play tennis.3) He has twenty books. Onl
47、y two of themare interesting.4) Mr. Johnson apologised for the mistake. We complained to him.He has twenty books, of which only two are interesting.Mr. Johnson, to whom we complained, apologised for the mistake. Mr. Johnson, whom/who we complained to, apologised for the mistake. 5) The Antarctic is
48、covered with snow and ice all year round. Men know little about it.The Antarctic, about which men know little, is covered with snow and ice all year round. The Antarctic, which men know little about, is covered with snow and ice all year round. The shop, from which we bought the air-conditioner, is
49、not far from my house, The shop, which we bought the air-conditioner from, is not far from my house.The shop, where we bought the air-conditioner, is not far from my house, 6) The shop is not far from my house. We bought the air-conditioner from it.7) Youd better tell her the name of the book. She c
50、an find information about the project there.Youd better tell her the name of the book, in which she can find information about the project.Youd better tell her the name of the book, where he can find information about the project.8) They have just started their trip to Tibet. They prepared for it fo
