1、Unit 1 单词精讲01appoint vt.&vi.约定;委派; 任命 appointment n.约会; 预约; 委任We appointed a day in June for celebration. Everyone was assembled in the hall at the appointed time. appoint sb (as) sth: Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George. appoint sb to sth: He has
2、 been appointed to the committee. appoint sb to do sth:A nurse was appointed to guard her. appointment n.约会; 预约; 委任make / keep an appointmentI have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30. She had an appointment to paint her nails.He holds an appointment in the English Department at present.They con
3、gratulated him on his appointment as president. 1. She had failed to keep her appointment for third times._2. They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman. _ 3. He has taken up an appointment as Professor of Chemistry. _1. I have an _ (appoint) at the doctors. 2. She has an appointment _ he
4、r friend, but she have to change it. 我约好了这周末去做美甲。(appointment, paint)_失约失约 任命任命 职位职位appointmentappointmentwithI have an appointment to paint my nails this weekend.02suspend vt. 悬；挂；吊悬；挂；吊 1. The builders worked on wooden platforms, suspended by ropes from the roof of the building.2. It was very unco
5、mfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air. 暂停；中止；使暂停发挥作用（或使用等）暂停；中止；使暂停发挥作用（或使用等）1. The company has to suspend the space exploration project due to financial problems. 2. Talks between the two countries have now been suspended. suspension n. U U单数暂停；中止：单数暂停；中止：1. the susp
6、ension of business / a meeting 2. The school allows a partial suspension of its rules on the last day of term. U & C U & C 暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）：暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）：1. suspension from office / school 2. suspension bridge1. A lamp was suspended from the ceiling. _2. Production has been suspended while safety check
7、s are carried out. _ 3. Dave was suspended from school for a week. _4. Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident. _ 悬；挂；吊悬；挂；吊 暂停暂停 / / 中止中止 被停学被停学 被停职被停职suspend03dismiss vt. 让让离开；解散：离开；解散： 1. dismiss sb with a wave of the hand2. The class was dismissed early today. 常用于被动语态解雇；开除：常用
8、于被动语态解雇；开除：1. He was dismissed from his job for incompetence. 消除（顾虑等）；拒绝考虑：消除（顾虑等）；拒绝考虑：1. dismiss fears / doubts from ones mind2. He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.dismiss vt.dismiss from.将将(某人某人)从从开除；解雇；使退去开除；解雇；使退去 be dismissed from ones service (某人某人)被免职；被解雇被免职；被解雇1. The m
9、inister was dismissed from his office in disgrace last week.2. I could not understand why Mr.Rochester had not asked the police to arrest her，or at least dismissed her from her service. dismiss fear from ones mind 消除消除(某人某人)心里的恐惧心里的恐惧1. She tried to dismiss fear from her mind04declare vt.表明; 宣称; 公布
10、declare + that 从句从句:The court declared that strike action was illegal. declare sth / sb (to be) sth:The area has been declared a national park. declare sth + adj:The chairman declared the ceremony open; all of us present.declare vt.表明; 宣称; 公布 declare war on/upon.向向宣战宣战1. They have now declared war o
11、n/upon drug dealers in the area. declare against. 声明反对声明反对 declare for.声明赞成声明赞成declaration n.申报; 宣布; 公告Depending on the context in which a member declaration occurs，only certain declared accessibilities are permitted.(declare)The Declaration of Independence1. The court declared that Browns case shou
12、ld be reviewed. _2. Edward declared himself angry and upset. _ 3. You must declare all your income on this form. _4. Whos the first man to subscribe to the Declaration of Independence? _宣布宣布 声称声称 申报申报独立宣言独立宣言declare05calculate v. vt & vi 计算；核算计算；核算1. The teacher calculated the average mark of the cl
13、ass. calculate + that / wh- 从句：从句：2. Sally calculated that she would have about $100 left.it is calculated + that 从句：从句：3. It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone, about 2.3 million people died of HIV. calculate v. vt 预测；估计预测；估计 calculate + that / wh- 从句：从句：1. I calculated that we would arrive a
14、t 6:00 pm.2. This painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate what its price is. calculation n C & U 计算计算 calculator n C 计算器计算器 1. Im going to calculate how much paint we need. _2. It is roughly calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year. _ 3. It is impossible to calculat
15、e what influence he had on her. _4. Dee looked at the bill and made some rapid calculations. _ 计算计算 据粗略计算据粗略计算估计估计快速计算快速计算calculate06fetch vt. 拿来；取来；请来：拿来；取来；请来：Run and fetch the doctor.Fetch me my umbrella. = Fetch my umbrella for me. fetch, bring 辨析辨析bring 为“拿来”“带来”，指将人或物拿到说话人所在地或即将要去的地方，强调一个方向的动作
16、一个方向的动作。 It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. fetch 为“去拿来”，指去取了某物或带上某人，再返回原处，强调动作的一往一返动作的一往一返，= go and bring。John threw a ball away and then asked his dog to fetch it for him. 07turn out 制造；生产：制造；生产：The factory turns out 900 cars a week. 原来（是）；证明（是）；结果（是）：原来（是）；证明（是）；结果（是）：1. U
17、nexpectedly the weather turned out pretty nice that day.2. It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack. 3. The book Don Quixote turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. turn out 出席；参加出席；参加 :The factory turns out 900 cars a week. 关掉；熄灭：关掉；熄灭：Remember to tu
18、rn out the lights when you go to bed.出席；参加出席；参加制造；生产；培养出制造；生产；培养出原来（是）；证明原来（是）；证明（是）；结果（是）（是）；结果（是）关掉；熄灭关掉；熄灭08presume v. 假设假设; 假定：假定： presumed adj.假定的; 推测的 presumption n.放肆, 傲慢; 推测09act v. 行动行动; 表现表现; 起作用起作用; 扮演：扮演：actor/actress n.男/女演员 action n.行为; 行动; 活动 active adj.积极的; 活跃的; 主动的; 有效的 activity n.活
19、动; 行动; 活跃position 位置action 行动; 行为invention 发明collection 收藏; 收藏品instruction 指示; 说明-tion, 常构成名词常构成名词, 表状态、行为、动作表状态、行为、动作10division v. vi & vt 划分；分割；分配；分开：划分；分割；分配；分开：Household waste can be roughly divided into food waste, non-recyclable waste and recyclable waste. vi & vt（被）除（尽）；把（被）除（尽）；把作除数：作除数：Ten
20、divided by two equals five. vt 使产生分歧：使产生分歧：We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than divide us. division n. U & C 单数分；分开；分配：单数分；分开；分配：In groups discuss what the possible work division was between men and women. U 分界线；部分；部门：分界线；部分；部门：the companys sales division U 除（
21、法）：除（法）：30 divided by 5 is a simple division. C & U 分裂；分歧；差异分裂；分歧；差异：Division of opinion among themselves contributed to their defeat.1. The current division of labour between workers and management skills will change. _2. Hes just been appointed as director of the publishing division. _3. My father
22、 taught me how to do division when I was six. _ 4. There are deep divisions in the party over the proposal. _劳动分工劳动分工部门部门除法除法分歧分歧division11urge v. 行动行动; 表现表现; 起作用起作用; 扮演：扮演： urgentadj.紧急的, 急迫的 urgency n.紧急; 催促; 紧急的事 urgently adv.紧急地, 急迫地urge v. 驱策；驱赶：驱策；驱赶：I urged the elephant deeper into the forest
23、. 催促；力劝催促；力劝 urge sb to do sth: They urged me to eat the strange food. urge + that . (should) do sth: He urged that we (should) take such steps. such steps. 大力推荐；极力主张大力推荐；极力主张 The situation is dangerous and the UN is urging caution. urge n. n C 强烈的欲望；迫切的需要强烈的欲望；迫切的需要urge to do sth:Having enough fat
24、and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals.uch steps. urgent adj 急迫的；迫切的；紧急的：急迫的；迫切的；紧急的：I was in urgent need of money. Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.1. She began urging him towards the front door. _2. Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to c
25、ontact them immediately. _3. We urge effective action to be taken immediately. _4. He could no longer resist the urge to go and see Amanda._驱赶驱赶催促催促主张主张抑制冲动抑制冲动 urge12explode v. vi & vt 使）爆炸使）爆炸 ：explode a bomb The firework exploded in his hand. vi 爆发；激增爆发；激增：explode with angerFloridas population ex
26、ploded after World War .explosion n . C & U 爆炸（声）：The explosion was caused by a burst gas pipe. C C（感情）爆发；（感情）爆发； 激增：激增：a population explosionan explosion in oil price explosive adj.爆炸性的爆炸性的; 爆发性的爆发性的; n.炸药炸药; 爆炸物爆炸物1. A bomb exploded at one of Londons busiest railway stations this morning. _ 2. The
27、 population has exploded in the last ten years. _ 3. He told a joke which made Hank explode with laughter. 爆炸爆炸 激增激增 大笑起来大笑起来 explodebe close to.接近; 靠近be equal to.等于; 胜任be similar to.与相似be harmful to.对有害be devoted to.献身; 专注于“be+adj. +to”类短语集萃类短语集萃13state n. 国家国家; 州州; 情境情境; vt.规定规定; 声明声明; 陈述陈述 statem
28、ent n.声称; 声明; 陈述 overstatement n.夸大; 夸张14nail n.& vt.He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer.【n.钉子】I have tried to discourage him from biting nails.【n.指甲】He nailed boards together to make a box.【vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定】15test out 检验；测试 test sb.out试用，试验，考验试用，试验，考验(某人某人)My new boss gave me the most dif
29、ficult clients to deal with.I felt he was really testing me out to see if I would cope. test for .检验；对人或物做检验；对人或物做检测检测The software has been tested for viruses. put.to the test 使使经受考验；检验；试验经受考验；检验；试验Might his promise soon be put to the test?16形式主语形式主语it (1)It is过去分词(reported，believed，said，announced等)
30、主语从句 (该结构可与“Sb./Sth. be过去分词to do.”结构相互转换)It is reported that the film star will come to our city.It is said that he studied abroad，but we dont know which country he studied in.(2)It不及物动词(seem，happen，turn out，appear等)主语从句(3)It is名词词组(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour等)主语从句It is a pity that you cant go
31、 with us to enjoy the concert.(4)It is adj.(clear，natural，obvious，possible，likely等)主语从句It is natural that he changed his mind.17be being 形容词形容词 句中was being sensitive为“be being 形容词”结构，强调某人在特定的某个时刻或时候的状况，而不是指这个人一直都是这样的。The children are being quiet，I wonder what theyre up to.Not everyone thinks that th
32、e government is being particularly generous.“be being adj.”结构用于陈述句，表示“被陈述对象一时的反常举止或行为以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备、讽刺等情绪”。He must be wondering why everyone is being so rude to him.Reg is being very nice all of a sudden.Whats his game? 18suggest that.建议建议 句中suggest表示“建议”，宾语从句谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。They suggested that we should visit a class right away.I suggested that he rest，and sent him for an X-ray.The teacher suggested that I write him directly.suggest还可以表示“暗示；表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟语气。The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.His pale face suggested that he did be ill. 谢谢观看
