1、it的用法的用法Grammar 代词代词1.it作人称代词作人称代词1).it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事物，的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复以避免重复:He bought a book and gave it to me. 2).可以用来指动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人：可以用来指动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人：Its lovely.Who is it? 3).也可指抽象事物也可指抽象事物:It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that4).用于代替指示代词用于代替指示代词this 和和th
2、at。 -Is this jacket yours? -Yes, it is. 2.非人称代词非人称代词it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境境、距离、距离等，称为非人称的等，称为非人称的it：1).指天气：指天气：It is a lovely day, isnt it?It is a bit windy.2).指时间指时间:It was nearly midnight when she came back.3).指环境指环境:It was very quiet in the caf.4).指距离：指距离：It is half an hour
3、s walk to the city centre. .it的重要句型的重要句型 1. It is + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that . 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在that前前面，其它部分置于面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由可以由who换用。换用。 如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与
4、其它从句的方法。 结构：结构： It is (was)+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who +句子其它成分句子其它成分 It was I that/who saw Tom yesterday here It was Tom that /who I saw yesterday here It was yesterday that I saw Tom here It was here that I saw Tom yesterday结论：结论： 强调句中，当去掉强调句中，当去掉it is (was).that/who 后，把后，把被强调成分还原到原来位置，句子仍然完整。被强调成分还原到原来位置
5、，句子仍然完整。I saw Tom yesterday here.强调句与定语从句的区别强调句与定语从句的区别It was in 1945 World war II ended. It was 1945 world war II ended.It was in 1945 World war II ended. It was 1945 world war II ended.thatwhen2. It is not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强调时间状语，该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强调时间状语，译成汉语直到译成汉语直到.才才.，可以说是，
6、可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。的强调形式。 I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. =It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. 3. It is cle
7、ar /obvious/ true/ possible/ certain.+that .该句型中该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的引导的主语从句。主语从句。常译为常译为.是清楚的是清楚的/显然的显然的/真的真的/肯定的肯定的It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) t
8、hat . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；这几个形容词，该句型和上一个同属一个句型；这几个形容词，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原动词原形），形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。容词。It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.Its strange that he knows nothing about it.5. It is
9、said (reported， learned.) that . 该句型中的该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。引导的主语从句。该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）.。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 6. It is suggested/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded.+ that . 该
10、句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从后的从句要用虚拟语气（句要用虚拟语气（should + do），），should 可以省；可以省；常译为据建议；有命令常译为据建议；有命令.） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) t
11、hat . 该句型中，该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形）动词原形）,should可省去。表示出乎意料，常译可省去。表示出乎意料，常译为为竟然竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 8. It is (high) time that . 该句型中该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气后的从句应该用虚拟语气.值得注意的是后
12、面可以用两种形式。值得注意的是后面可以用两种形式。 常用过去时态（常用过去时态（did）表示虚拟）表示虚拟 有时也用有时也用should + 动词原形，动词原形，should 不能省，不能省， 常译为是（正是）常译为是（正是）.的时侯的时侯 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second . ) time that . 该结构中该结构中 that 可以省去；可以省去；it有时用有时用 this 替换。替换。常译为这是第一（
13、二）常译为这是第一（二）.次做某事。次做某事。 It is the first time that sb have done sth.It was the first time that sb had done sth.It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10. It is / has been +一段时间一段时间+ since . 自从自从已经已经 It is / has been 5 years since his father died. 11. It is .
14、 when . 该句型中的该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为常译为当当.的时候，是的时候，是. It was 5 oclock when he came here. 12. It wasnt / wont be long before . 没过多久就没过多久就/很快很快 It was/ will be+时间段时间段+ before . 过过时间才时间才It was two hours before the fireman arrived here. It was n
15、ot five minutes before the fireman arrived here.It will be several years before he comes back.It wont be long before we meet again. 13. It happens (seems，appears) that. 该句型中该句型中it是形式主语，是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，引导的是主语从句，主句中的主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词等词是不及物动词。 It happened that he met his teacher in the street
16、. 碰巧碰巧.It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来看来.14. It takes sb. . to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为做常译为做.要花费某人要花费某人.。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 15. It is no good /use doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语也可该
17、句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语也可以是以是 not any good ，not any use 。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 16. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语性格品质特征的形容词。能表示逻辑主
18、语性格品质特征的形容词。 常见的有：常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good ( 好心的好心的) , honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , polite, rude , silly , stupid ,wise 等。等。这个句型可以改写为：这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to help me. = You are kind to help me. 17. It is neces
19、sary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有：常见的形容词有：important， necessary， natural , easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossi
20、ble ， pleasant等。等。It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. 18. It looks /seems as if . 该句型中该句型中it无意义，无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好像常译为，看起来好像.如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）（真的病了） It looks as if he
21、 were ill. （没有生病）（没有生病） It seemed as if he were dying. 19. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的该句型中的it 作作形式宾语形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为型为6123结构结构。 6指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词： think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式宾语指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的
22、三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或语或that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。 主语主语+ think+ it+_或或_+_ _ _.considerfindmakebelievefeel n. adj. that-clause v-ing to do sth.I think it best that you should do more exercise.He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early.She thought it no use arguing with
23、the man.We made it a rule that the office should be cleaned by turns.Practice1.We make _ a rule that you must be quiet when you enter the classroom at 6:15 p.m.2. I think it necessary _ (have) a better understanding of the use of it.3.Finally he found it a waste of time _(play) computer games for a
24、long time at weekend.4. I would appreciate _if you could take my application into consideration.itto haveplaying it it作形式宾语的特殊句型结构动词结构动词+ it + if/that/when动词有喜欢类：动词有喜欢类：enjoy, like, appreciate, prefer 讨厌类：讨厌类：hate, dislike 短语：短语： see to， depend onI would appreciate it if you can offer me the chance.
25、I like it when my mother is happy.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. You may depend on it that he will turn up in time.Ill see to it that all these letters are sent to the post office before twelve.三、三、it用在一些固定表达中用在一些固定表达中 1. make it 成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达2. as it is“事实上，实际
26、情况是事实上，实际情况是”“”“照原样照原样”3. thats it“至此为止，没有别的了至此为止，没有别的了”“”“对啦对啦”4.forget it 别提了，忘了它吧别提了，忘了它吧5.You guessed it 你猜着了你猜着了6. Keep at it! (Dont give up!)“继续做，不放弃继续做，不放弃”7. Take it/things easy. “不要慌，别担心，沉住气不要慌，别担心，沉住气”8. Worth it 表示表示“有好处有好处, 值得做值得做” l9. Believe it or not. 信不信由你信不信由你l10. Take it or leave i
27、t. 要么接受要么放弃要么接受要么放弃l11. It all depends/that all depends 那得看情况那得看情况/视情况而定视情况而定l12. Its up to sb. 由由决定，取决于决定，取决于l 13.As someone puts it, . 像某人所说的那样像某人所说的那样l 14. take it for granted 认为理所当然认为理所当然l15.It doesnt matter 没关系没关系口诀：代词 it 本意它, 既可指这又指那;时间天气均可指, 谈到距离也用它; 假主假宾均可做, 强调句型跟that。SummaryI. 选用括号内合适的单词填空。
28、选用括号内合适的单词填空。1. It was only after she had begun to carry out the task _ (that, when) Mary realized it was extremely difficult to complete. 2. _ (It, As) is our belief that we can make a good life if we work hard.3. _ (It, What) is suggested that parents should pay more attention to their childrens i
29、nner world.thatIt It 4. As a matter of fact, _ (that, it) is not failure itself, but what we think of failure and what we do afterwards that counts. 5. Do you still drive your Ford car? No, I sold _ (it, that) two years ago.6. You must keep _ (it, what) in mind that you can never be too careful when
30、 proofreading the newspaper.7. Will _ (that, it) be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?itititit8. _ (There, It) is no doubt that the visiting team, which has better players, will win the match.9. I dont think I can work out the maths problem. Its too difficult. Think it over, and perhaps you
31、will make _ (it, that).There itI. 单项选择单项选择1. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (天津天津) A. this B. that C. it D. these 2. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江浙江)A. As B. That C. This D. It3. The doctor advi
32、sed Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. (全国卷全国卷III)A. it B. she C. which D. he4. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东山东)A. thatB. it C. this D. you5. It is two years _ I joined the army. A. before B. since C. that D. after6. It was two years ago _ I joined the army. A. before B. since C. that D. after7. It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcast began. A. while B. which C. that D. since8. _ is the fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It
