1、Words and Expressions1. secondary:中学的；次要的中学的；次要的That is just a secondary consideration .那只不过是次要的因素。那只不过是次要的因素。Experience is what mattersage is of secondary importance .重要的是经验重要的是经验年龄是次要的。年龄是次要的。Raising animals was only secondary to other forms of farming.与其他农业生产相对而言，动物饲养只是副业。与其他农业生产相对而言，动物饲养只是副业。be
2、secondary to 对对.来说是次要的来说是次要的Any discomfort is secondary to helping the needy.secondary teachers中学教师中学教师the secondary curriculum中学课程中学课程2. a chorus of 齐声，异口同声（表示同意或不同意）齐声，异口同声（表示同意或不同意） a chorus of praise/complaint一片赞扬声一片赞扬声 / 抱怨声抱怨声a chorus of voices calling for her resignation异口同声要求她辞职异口同声要求她辞职Im g
3、reeted by a chorus of “good morning” from the boys.男孩们齐声对我喊男孩们齐声对我喊“早上好早上好”。3.uniform n.校服、制服校服、制服 adj.一致的，统一的一致的，统一的a military/police/nurses uniform军装；警服；护士制服军装；警服；护士制服soldiers in uniform穿制服的军人穿制服的军人 you have to wear school uniform .你不得不穿校服。你不得不穿校服。uniform rates of pay统一的薪资标准统一的薪资标准The walls were a
4、 uniform grey.墙壁一律都是灰色。墙壁一律都是灰色。not to mention:Theres no electricity or running water and not even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other modern devices!4. tablet:平板电脑、便签本、药片平板电脑、便签本、药片This 7.9-inch mini version of the tablet has been loved by young people as soon as it came onto the m
5、arket.=pillvitamin tablets维生素片维生素片Take two tablets with water before meals.每次两片，饭前用水冲服。每次两片，饭前用水冲服。5.rigid死板的、固执的死板的、固执的inflexibleThe curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.课程设置过于狭窄和死板。课程设置过于狭窄和死板。rigid attitudes固执的态度固执的态度6.shade: vt.给给.遮挡（光线）；加灯罩；把遮挡（光线）；加灯罩；把.涂暗涂暗n.阴凉处，灯罩；阴影部分阴凉处，灯罩；阴影部分We sat do
6、wn in the shade of the wall.我们在墙根的背阴处坐下。我们在墙根的背阴处坐下。The trees provide shade for the animals in the summer.夏天，这些树为动物提供乘凉的地方。夏天，这些树为动物提供乘凉的地方。I bought a new shade for the lamp.我给那盏灯买了一个新罩子。我给那盏灯买了一个新罩子。an eyeshade遮阳眼罩遮阳眼罩The courtyard was shaded by high trees.庭院荫庇在大树下。庭院荫庇在大树下。Im going to shade this p
7、art in.我要把这一部分画得再暗一些。我要把这一部分画得再暗一些。 7.privilege: n.优惠待遇；特权优惠待遇；特权Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.教育应当是全民的权利而非某部分人特别享有的。教育应当是全民的权利而非某部分人特别享有的。You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership.你可以享受俱乐部成员的一切福利和优惠。你可以享受俱乐部成员的一切福利和优惠。It was a privilege to hear her
8、 sing / of hearing her sing. 能听她唱歌十分荣幸能听她唱歌十分荣幸.I hope to have the privilege of working with them again.但愿有幸与他们再度合作。但愿有幸与他们再度合作。It was a great privilege to hear her sing.听她唱歌真是三生有幸。听她唱歌真是三生有幸。8.plug vt.封堵；补足封堵；补足 plugged plugged n.堵塞物；插头；插座堵塞物；插头；插座He plugged the hole in the pipe with an old rag.他用一
9、块旧破布把管子上的那个洞塞住了。他用一块旧破布把管子上的那个洞塞住了。a three-pin plug三相插头三相插头Ill have to change the plug on my hairdryer.我必须更换吹风机的插头。我必须更换吹风机的插头。同义词：同义词：socketCan I use this plug for my iron?我能用这个插座插一下熨斗吗？我能用这个插座插一下熨斗吗？She took the plug from her ear.她从耳朵中取出耳塞来。她从耳朵中取出耳塞来。9.resign:辞职；辞去辞职；辞去 resignation 辞职辞职 辞职书辞职书res
10、ign from ones job/positionresign as He resigned as manager after eight years.八年后，他辞去了经理的职务。八年后，他辞去了经理的职务。Two members resigned from the board in protest.董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。10.deserve: vt.值得、赢得、应受值得、赢得、应受You deserve a rest after all that hard work.辛苦劳累那么久，你该休息一下了。辛苦劳累那么久，你该休息一下了。The report
11、deserves careful consideration.这报告应该给予认真考虑。这报告应该给予认真考虑。What have I done to deserve this?我做了什么事应该得到这种待遇呢？我做了什么事应该得到这种待遇呢？动词动词 + 带带to的不定式的不定式They didnt deserve to win.他们不该赢。他们不该赢。deserve doing=deserve to be doneHe deserves praising/to be praised.他应该受到表扬。他应该受到表扬。He deserves punishing/to be punished/a p
12、unishment.他应该受到批他应该受到批评。评。12.latelyrecently最近；近来；不久前最近；近来；不久前Have you seen her lately?你最近见过她吗？你最近见过她吗？I havent been sleeping well just lately.我就是在最近才一直睡不好觉。我就是在最近才一直睡不好觉。She had lately returned from India.不久前她从印度回来了。不久前她从印度回来了。input 投入资源（指时间、知识、思想等）；投入；输入投入资源（指时间、知识、思想等）；投入；输入Id appreciate your inpu
13、t on this.我将感激你在这方面的投入。我将感激你在这方面的投入。There has been a big input of resources into the project from industry.工业界对这个项目投入了大量资源。工业界对这个项目投入了大量资源。data input数据输入数据输入to input text/data/figures把文本把文本 / 数据数据 / 数字输入计算机数字输入计算机11.contract vt.感染（疾病）；与感染（疾病）；与.订立合同（契约）订立合同（契约）n.合同、契约合同、契约to contract AIDS/a virus/a
14、disease感染艾滋病感染艾滋病 / 病毒病毒 / 疾病疾病Many dangerous diseases which are rare in China are quite commonly contracted in Tanzania.(课本原句）课本原句）The player is contracted to play until August.这位选手签约参加比赛到八月份。这位选手签约参加比赛到八月份。订立订立的合同（或契约）的合同（或契约）She has contracted to work 20 hours a week.她已签订每周工作她已签订每周工作20小时的合同。小时的合同
15、。sign a contract with sb.与与.签订合同签订合同to win/be awarded a contract to build a new school获得承建一所新学校的合同获得承建一所新学校的合同a contract of employment雇用合同雇用合同a contract worker合同工合同工12.grant vt.同意、准许同意、准许 n.拨款拨款The bank finally granted a 500 loan to me.银行终于同意给我贷款银行终于同意给我贷款500英镑。英镑。The bank finally granted me a 500 l
16、oan.银行终于同意给我贷款银行终于同意给我贷款500英镑。英镑。动词动词 + 名词短语名词短语My request was granted.我的请求得到批准。我的请求得到批准。She was granted a divorce.她获准离婚。她获准离婚。student grants学生助学金学生助学金He has been awarded a research grant.他得到一笔研究经费。他得到一笔研究经费。take it for granted (that)认为认为是理所当然是理所当然I just took it for granted that hed always be around
17、.我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。Many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted.take sb/sth for granted（因习以为常）对（因习以为常）对不予重视；不予重视；Her husband was always there and she just took him for granted.她丈夫随时都在身边，她只是认为他理应如此。她丈夫随时都在身边，她只是认为他理应如此。We take having an endless supply
18、of clean water for granted.我们想当然地认为洁净水的供应无穷无尽而不予以珍惜。我们想当然地认为洁净水的供应无穷无尽而不予以珍惜。 13.cardiac disease/failure/surgery心脏病；心力衰竭；心脏手术心脏病；心力衰竭；心脏手术14.circuit n.巡回巡回；环行路线；环行路线The earth takes a year to make a circuit of (= go around) the sun.地球绕太阳运行一周需要一年的时间。地球绕太阳运行一周需要一年的时间。My mother also does a ciruit of the
19、 rural villages to provide medical treatment.(课本原文）课本原文）an electrical circuit电路电路巡回赛巡回赛the womens tennis circuit女子网球巡回赛女子网球巡回赛the lecture circuit巡回讲学巡回讲学 15.consultation1.咨询；咨询会咨询；咨询会a consultation document/process咨询文件咨询文件 / 过程过程provide consultation提供咨询提供咨询2.磋商、商量磋商、商量The decision was taken after cl
20、ose consultation with local residents.这项决定是在与当地居民仔细磋商后作出的。这项决定是在与当地居民仔细磋商后作出的。商讨会；协商会商讨会；协商会extensive consultations between the two countries两国之间的广泛磋商两国之间的广泛磋商They will hold a consultation about the matter. 他们将会商量这件事的他们将会商量这件事的.（向专家请教的）咨询会；（尤指）就诊（向专家请教的）咨询会；（尤指）就诊The doctors held a consultation to d
21、ecide whether an operation was necessary. 医生举行会诊医生举行会诊,决定是否需要动手术决定是否需要动手术.consult 咨询；请教咨询；请教;商议，商量商议，商量 consultant顾问顾问 高级顾问医师；会诊医师高级顾问医师；会诊医师16.relay vt.转发（信息、消息等）转发（信息、消息等）He relayed the message to his boss.他将这个消息转给了他的老板。他将这个消息转给了他的老板。Instructions were relayed to him by phone.通过电话将指令转达给了他。通过电话将指令转达
22、给了他。播放，转播（电视或广播讯号）播放，转播（电视或广播讯号）The game was relayed by satellite to audiences all over the world.这场比赛通过卫星向全世界的观众进行了转播。这场比赛通过卫星向全世界的观众进行了转播。 n. 接力赛接力赛;接班的人接班的人the 4 100m relay 4 100米接力赛米接力赛a relay team接力队接力队Rescuers worked in relays to save the trapped miners.救援人员轮班营救受困的矿工。救援人员轮班营救受困的矿工。17.criterion
23、 pl. criteria标准，准则，原则标准，准则，原则What criteria are used for assessing a students ability?用什么标准来评定一个学生的能力？用什么标准来评定一个学生的能力？By any criteria this work is worth it to us as well.The most important criterion for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work. 最重要的参赛标准是申请者必须设计并制作自己的作品。最重要的参赛标准是申请
24、者必须设计并制作自己的作品。stability n.稳定（性）；稳固（性）稳定（性）；稳固（性）political/economic/social stability政治政治 / 经济经济 / 社会稳定社会稳定the stability of the dollar on the worlds money markets美元在世界货币市场上的稳定性美元在世界货币市场上的稳定性stable:稳定的；稳固的；牢固的稳定的；稳固的；牢固的;稳重的；稳重的；18.pray: 企盼，祈祷企盼，祈祷They knelt down and prayed. 他们跪下来祷告。他们跪下来祷告。Ill pray fo
25、r you.我将为你祈祷。我将为你祈祷。to pray for peace祈求和平祈求和平She prayed to God for an end to her sufferings.她祈求上帝结束她的苦难。她祈求上帝结束她的苦难。动词动词 (+ that从句从句)We prayed (that) she would recover from her illness.我们为她的康复祈祷。我们为她的康复祈祷。He prayed to be forgiven.他祈求宽恕。他祈求宽恕。Were praying for good weather on Saturday.我们十分企盼星期六是个晴天。我们
26、十分企盼星期六是个晴天。pray that 但愿但愿I prayed that nobody would notice my mistake.我但愿没人注意到我的错误。我但愿没人注意到我的错误。In the future, I pray that you will do the same.19.hypothetical假假设的；假定的设的；假定的a hypothetical question/situation/example假定的问题假定的问题 / 情况情况 / 例子例子Let us take the hypothetical case of Sheila, a mother of two我们且举关于希拉这个假定的例子，她是一位有两个孩子的母我们且举关于希拉这个假定的例子，她是一位有两个孩子的母亲亲I wasnt asking about anybody in particularit was a purely hypothetical question.我并没有问到具体某个人我并没有问到具体某个人那不过是个纯粹假设性的问题。那不过是个纯粹假设性的问题。
