1、20XX年度本科生毕业论文（设计）从电影勇敢的心探析苏格兰的自由之路 院 系： 外国语学院 专 业： 英语 年 级： XXXX 学生姓名： XXXX 学 号： XXXX 导师及职称： XXX（讲师） 20XX年XX月20XX Annual Graduation Thesis (Project) of the College Undergraduate An Analysis of Scotlands Road to Freedom from Brave HeartDepartment: College of Foreign LanguagesMajor: English Grade: 20XX
2、Student Name: Hu GuifangStudent No.: XXXXTutor: Lecturer Zheng Qing Finished by April, 20XX毕业论文（设计）原创性声明本人所呈交的毕业论文（设计）是我在导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文（设计）不包含其他个人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本论文（设计）的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中作了明确说明并表示谢意。 作者签名： 日期： 毕业论文（设计）授权使用说明本论文（设计）作者完全了解XX学院有关保留、使用毕业论文（设计）的规定，学校有权保留论文
3、（设计）并向相关部门送交论文（设计）的电子版和纸质版。有权将论文（设计）用于非赢利目的的少量复制并允许论文（设计）进入学校图书馆被查阅。学校可以公布论文（设计）的全部或部分内容。保密的论文（设计）在解密后适用本规定。 作者签名： 指导教师签名：日期： 日期： XXX 毕业论文（设计）答辩委员会(答辩小组)成员名单姓名职称单位备注主席（组长）XX学院本科毕业论文（设计）摘 要 2014年9月的苏格兰公投汇聚了世界目光，电影勇敢的心也随之重回荧屏成为焦点。古往的自由追求和现今的独立诉求能交汇谱写出怎样的苏格兰之歌呢？本文带着让观众透彻理解电影，并接收其中正能量的目的，呈现了13世纪末至14世纪初的
4、相关社会背景，分析了苏格兰人民起义的决定因素和华莱士在前期独立战争中发挥的作用，以及论述了华莱士为自由牺牲并激励苏格兰人民继续战斗的史实。 本文以苏英两国的社会背景为基调，苏格兰英雄华莱士为中心，以与电影相关的历史进程为主线，为读者提供了对勇敢的心较为全面的解读；本文紧密结合人物与事件，详尽地展现了华莱士勇敢、智慧、团结的精神，并以此带给人们关于华莱士的精神与现代苏格兰争取独立的思考。华莱士在中世纪后期带领人民赢回自由，他的精神也能引领现代苏格兰人民走向自由吗？ 关键词：勇敢的心；华莱士；苏格兰；自由 ABSTRACT With the Scottish Independence Refere
5、ndum in September, 2014, the movie Brave Heart came back to the screen and become focus. What will happen in Scotland when hoary freedom pursuing meets modern independence appealing? To make the audience thoroughly understand the movie and learn the positive factors, this paper shows the relevant so
6、cial background from late 13 century to early 14 century, analyzes the determinants of the revolt and the roles Wallace played in the first years of Scottish Independence Wars, and discusses the facts of Wallaces sacrifice for freedom and his inspiration to the Scots.This paper is based on social ba
7、ckgrounds of Scotland and England, centering on the Scottish hero Wallace and historical process relating to films as the main line, providing a comprehensive interpretation of Brave Heart to readers. This paper, closely linked with figures and events, shows Wallaces spirits of solidarity, courage,
8、and wisdom in detail, to bring people the thinking of Wallaces spirit and modern Scottish independence. Wallace led the people to win back freedom in the late Middle Ages, could his spirit lead modern Scottish people to freedom?TABLE OF CONTENTS Page1 INTRODUCTION11.1 Research Background11.2 Researc
9、h Purpose21.3 Research Significance22 LITERATURE REVIEW42.1 Overseas Research42.2 Domestic Research53 BRIEF RELEVANT SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF BRAVE HEART73.1 English Social Background73.2 Scottish Social Background74 SCOTLANDS ROAD TO FREEDOM FROM BRAVE HEART94.1 The Determinants of Revolt94.1.1 Oppress
10、ed Scotland94.1.2 Educated Wallace104.1.3 Killed Murron114.2 Wallace in the First Wars of Scottish Independence114.2.1 Wallaces intelligence at Sterling114.2.2 Wallaces braveness at Yoke134.2.3 Wallaces lack of support at Falkirk144.3 Wallaces Sacrifice for FreedomXX4.4 Wallaces Inspiration for the
11、ScotsXX5 CONCLUSIONS175.1 Conclusions175.2 Limitations and Further Research Suggestion17ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS21XX学院本科毕业论文（设计）1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research BackgroundOn September 18th, 2014, the Scottish Independence Referendum attracted worldwide attention. Its conference is essential to Scotlands freedom
12、and independence. As a result, the negative votes from 55% Scottish voters declared that the plan to separate Scotland from Britain came to nothing. Scotland and England always kept reticular relationship. The former was once an independent country, and merged into the Great Britain in 1707, because
13、 England had to prevent Scotland from entering into an alliance with France again, and Scotland badly needed to walk out from economic plight with the help of England. From that on, they kept united in a long term as a result of Englands concession in terms of trade, revenue, judiciary and religion.
14、 However, Scottish independence movement rose to its climax since the end of the World War II, due to the historical causes and practical factors. The latter refers to the lost oversea colonies with declined attractiveness of the British Empire and the backward Scottish economy with increasingly enh
15、anced national identity(田利华，2014). Scotland and England repeatedly put separation and reunion on the stage，but if Scottish definitely pursuit the thorough freedom, what kind of requirement should they meet?With the Scottish Independence Referendum in autumn, 2014, a movie named Brave Heart came back
16、 to the screen. It is an excellent movie that was nominated for ten Academy Awards and won five: Best Picture, Best Makeup, Best Cinematography, Best Sound Editing, and Best Director. It is a 1995 epic historical war drama, telling the stories about Scottish fights for freedom, directed by and starr
17、ing Mel Gibson. Gibson portrays William Wallace who led the Scots in the first years of Scottish Independence wars against King Edward I of England, who was eager to conquer Scotland and also engaged in a long war with it. Wallace started the resistance to England after his killed wife, experienced
18、a great success at Sterling and a tragic failure at Falkirk, was executed as a traitor and scarified for his country, and inspired the Scots to win their freedom at Bannockburn in 1314.Qian Cui (1996) suggested that this kind of movie can make people get mental improvement. And the person like Walla
19、ce can lead people to obtain freedom. There may be many ways for Scottish to be independent, but one is certainto learn and possess Wallaces spirit.1.2 Research PurposeAs an outstanding film, Brave Heart deserves the attention of millions of people, and should be understood better. Up to now, the re
20、searchers of Brave Heart have already emphasized the prizes it won, studied the main actors it contained and learned the cultural elements it embodied. But those can only make people partly know this movie. However, a round perspective will be taken to analyze that movie, aiming at filling the infor
21、mation gap. In addition, this paper is designed to help the readers get a much better understanding of this movie by showing the Scottish and English social background from the end of 13 century to the beginning of 14 century and analyzing the themes the film reflected: love, freedom and national in
22、dependence through the analysis of first Scottish Independence Wars. Whats more, the author intends to lead the readers to learn the positive factors of this movie: to pursuit love, to defend freedom, to be united and to be brave, and especially to learn Wallaces spirit.1.3 Research SignificanceCurr
23、ently, as an art form with largest audience, films and televisions can convey human emotions, stimulate peoples power and guide the people to live with a positive attitude through showing beautiful soul, great deeds and wonderful artistic conception(王巍,2013). So that people can be affected by films
24、and draw nutrient from films. Brave Heart is an outstanding film, and the significance of this writing is based on the relevant social background and to dig the useful information from that movie and offer the audience a comprehensive analysis of this film. Dissecting the Scottish Independence Wars
25、in the first years according to that excellent film, this writing is significant to help audience better understand the themes the film reflected: love, freedom and national independence, and it is significant to lead the readers to learn Wallaces spirit and then to guide their life. Meanwhile, Brav
26、e Heart may be known and circulated more extensively. Moreover, this writing is expected to make a difference on leading people to draw nutrient from films, to think about life and to learn from life. 212 LITERATURE REVIEW There are several researchers who have already studied the film Brave Heart,
27、mainly from the perspective of plots summary and main actors, especially William Wallace. Even though some scholars mentioned the social background of that movie, they hardly analyzed it deeply. Thus, people still cant get a comprehensive understanding of that film, or clearly learn the positive fac
28、tors in it, either.2.1 Overseas Research Jake, Dugan (2005) in Wallaces Courage Is Inspiring narrated the love between Wallace and Murron in detail, including the beginning, process and the ending, and described the spark that starts off the Scottish revolution for freedom.Prestwich, Michael (2003)
29、in The Three Edwards: War and State in England 1272-1377 provided rich historical information about England by telling the affairs of three Kings. He offered an excellent introduction to this eventful period in history, offering readers of history and the Middle Ages a fascinating insight into the r
30、eigns of three very different sovereigns. Robert, Duncan (2005) in A Motion Picture That Dares to Be Excessive concluded that Braveheart is the story of, one of Scotlands greatest national heroes, Sir William Wallace who is the leader of the Scottish resistance forces during the first years of the l
31、ong, ultimately successful struggle to free Scotland from English rule. And it is also discussed that Wallaces revolution was set in motion with great obstacles from his countrymen.Roger, Ebert (1995) in The Reviews of Brave Heart pointed that Brave Heart is an ambitious film, big on simple emotions
32、 like love, patriotism and treachery. And each of them was discussed in detail. This article also gave a brief analysis to King Edward I, Peter Hanly and the Princess.Spikeopath (2010) in Historical Aside, Brave Heart Is a Rousing Spectacle claimed that Brave Heart is historical bent; it will foreve
33、r be a 10/10 movie and deserve the several Oscar awards as it captured the essence of film and encouraged billions of people who watched that movie.2.2 Domestic Research Tian Fengjuan (2010), in Brave Heartthe Hero Fight for Freedom claimed that William, Wallace is a real hero to defend national dig
34、nity and to fight for freedom. Tian also suggested that the audience should not only be moved by the plots, but also think about the ease life now we live with and always remember to keep an upright heart to defend our freedom physically and mentally.Tian Lihua (2014) in the Historical Origin and Mo
35、dern Situation of the Scottish Independence Movement narrated the historical background of the combination between Scotland and England combined, which is related to the specific reasons for the merger and social impact analysis. And the specific social backgrounds of both Scotland and England in 13
36、-14 centuries are offered.Cui Yi (2010) in A Short History of United Kingdom wrote a chapter about the battles of England conquers Wales and Scotland. The controllers Margaret, Balliol and Robert Bruce and the famous battles Sterling Bridge, Falkirk and Bannockburn are linked up to show the social b
37、ackground at that time in this chapter. Also, Wallaces introduction is given and the related movie Brave Heart is simply analyzed.Zhou Xiaomei (2010) in Study the Scotland Culture from Brave Heart summarized the plots of Brave Heart and studied the Scotland culture by discussing the bagpipe, plaid s
38、kirt, thistle and Scottish game that appeared in the film as well as the cultural and historical sources of them.Hua Ying (2011) in Analyze the Classical American movie Brave Heart concluded that Brave Heart is an excellent movie with profound political connotation and nationalism, is a mythological
39、 tale mixed blood and tears, and is a perfect film that deserves worldwide high praise. And Zhou gave details to support above comments.The existing researches mostly focus on the description of the plots and the analysis of the main actors, especially William Wallace. Although some researchers talk
40、ed about the social background of that movie, they hardly analyzed it deeply, which caused that the audience cant comprehensively recognize that movie. However, this paper is designed to fill in that research gapit will base on the Scottish social background at that time and take the perspectives of
41、 love, freedom and national independence, and profoundly analyze them to try to make the audience better know this film and lead the readers to draw nutrient from that film.XX学院本科毕业论文（设计）3 BRIEF RELEVANT SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF BRAVE HEART The film Brave Heart is made almost according to historical fac
42、ts, thus, the social background of that corresponding period, from the end of 13 century to the beginning of 14century, is important and helpful for people to understand this movie.3.1 English Social BackgroundSince William I conquered England in 1066, successive Kings of England devoted themselves
43、to expand territory in Britain islands. In 1169, Ireland was colonized by England. In the Middle Ages, England, Scotland and Wales constituted the Great Britain, and those three parts were independent and remained separated. Traced back to the 13th century, the three kingdoms in Great Britain had it
44、s own monarch (赵学政,2010). The English king was Edward I, with a nickname “Longshanks”, who violently subjugated Wales in 1284. Besides, he always coveted and almost racked his brains to get another countryScotland. From 1280s, Edward I of England started expeditions to Scotland. In 1290, Edward I st
45、epped in the affairs of deciding the successor of the crown of Scotland and chose John Balliol to help to control Scotland, and then, in May 1291, Edward I coerced recognition as the feudal superior of Scotland and took personal control of the realm, steadily undermined Johns authority and even depo
46、sed him in 1296 (Wikipedia, in national archives). Forging an alliance with the opponent of England, Scotland was such an obstacle for England on the way occupying France. Thats why England gave a great priority to control and conquer Scotland when deal with its own national affairs. (Michael, 2003)
47、However, there was a long way for England to go that even led to an uncertain destination.3.2 Scottish Social BackgroundWith the death ofKing Alexander IIIin 1286, the crown of Scotland passed to his only surviving descendant, his three-year-old granddaughterMargaret, broke the centuries-old succession line of Scotlands kings and shattered the 200-year golden age that began with
