1、2022年国家大学电大道路工程技术和管理英语4网络核心课形考网考作业汇编及答案最新国家开放大学电大道路工程技术网络核心课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明：2022年春期电大把道路工程技术网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核，它共有四个形考任务。针对该门课程，本人汇总了该科所有的题，形成一个完整的标准题库，并且以后会不断更新，对考生的复习、作业和考试起着非常重要的作用，会给您节省大量的时间。做考题时，利用本文档中的查找工具（Ctrl + F），把考题中的关键字输到查找工具的查找内容框内，就可迅速查找到该题答案。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案，敬请查看。形考任务1一、单项选择题（每小题
2、4分，共40分）题目1棋盘式道路网指的是（ ）选择一项：C. 方格网式道路网 题目2道路起讫点间的实际交通距离与此两点的空间直线距离之比，称为（ ）选择一项：D. 非直线系数 题目3作为街坊线与的次干路连接线的城市道路是（ ）选择一项：B. 支路 题目4在平面线形中，使用最多的基本线形是（ ）选择一项：B. 圆曲线 题目5下列关于汽车在弯道上行使时，说法有误的一项是（ ）选择一项：D. 离心力越大，汽车行驶越安全 题目6从汽车驾驶员发现前方障碍物到汽车在障碍物前完全停住所需要的最短距离称为（ ）选择一项：D. 停车视距 题目7驾驶员从采取措施开始制动至汽车完全停住所需要的距离称为（ ）选择一项
3、：D. 制动距离 题目8道路纵断面图上最主要反映的两条线是指（ ）选择一项：B. 地面线和设计线 题目9工程设计中对中心线各点要求达到的高程称为（ ）选择一项：B. 设计高程 题目10在道路的纵断面上，对两个不同坡度的坡段的转折处设置的缓和曲线称为( )选择一项：B. 竖曲线 二、多项选择题（每小题10分，共20分）题目11现有的道路网结构形式主要包括（ ）选择一项或多项：B. 自由式 C. 混合式 D. 环形放射式 E. 方格网式 题目12行车视距通常可分为（ ）选择一项或多项：B. 超车视距 C. 会车视距 D. 停车视距 E. 错车视距 三、判断题（每小题4分，共40分）题目13城市快速
4、路可以与次干路、支路直接相交。（ ）选择一项：对 题目14方格网式道路网的优点是布局整齐，有利于建筑布置和方向识别。（ ）选择一项：对 题目15道路的交通量是指单位时间内(每小时或每昼夜)通过道路上某一横断面处的往返车辆总数。（ ）选择一项：对 题目16路面结构需要翻修改建的年限为路面结构设计年限。（ ）选择一项：对 题目17在道路平面设计中，应在相交的两直线段交汇点处，用曲线将其平顺地连接起来，以利于汽车安全正常地通过，这段曲线称为竖曲线。（ ）选择一项：错 题目18直线是平面线形基本要素之一，具有能以最短的距离连接两控制点和线形易于选定的特点。（ ）选择一项：对 题目19缓和曲线是设置在直
5、线与圆曲线之间或大圆曲线与大圆曲线之间，由较大圆曲线向较小圆曲线过渡的线形，是道路平面线形要素之一。（ ）选择一项：对 题目20纵断面上如变坡点过多，则车辆行驶时司机变换排挡会过于频繁而影响行车安全。（ ）选择一项：对 题目21最大纵坡系指各级道路纵坡的最小限值。（ ）选择一项：错 题目22凸形竖曲线设置的主要目的在于缓和纵坡转折线，保证汽车的行车视距。（ ）选择一项：对 形考任务2一、单项选择题：（共10个小题，每小题4分，共40分）题目1同一行使方向的车辆向不同方向分离行使的地点称为（ ）选择一项：B. 分流点 题目2相交道路不在同一平面位置时，称为（ ）选择一项：B. 立体交叉 题目3环
6、道进、出口的曲线半径取决于（ ）选择一项：A. 环道的设计车速 题目4立体交叉时，供上、下相交道路转弯车辆行驶的连接道称为（ ）选择一项：C. 匝道 题目5路面标线的画定根据是（ ）选择一项：C. 纵向标线、横向标线和其他交通安全设施的布置 题目6路基的高度取决于（ ）选择一项：D. 纵断面设计及地形 题目7路基按结构特点可分为填方路基、挖方路基和半填半挖路基，其中填方路基称为（ ）选择一项：D. 路堤 题目8路基强度是指（ ）选择一项：C. 路基在外荷及自重作用下，土基抵抗破坏与变形的承载力 题目9路基边坡坡度可用（ ）选择一项：B. 边坡高度与边坡宽度之比表示 题目10挡土墙靠近回填土的一
7、面称为（ ）选择一项：A. 墙背 二、多项选择题（共2个小题，每小题10分，共20分）题目11常见的交叉口形式有（ ）选择一项或多项：A. T字形 B. 十字形 C. 错位交叉 D. X字形 E. Y字形 题目12路基的主要指标有（ ）选择一项或多项：A. 边坡坡度 C. 宽度 D. 高度 三、判断题（ 共10个小题，每小题4分，共40分）题目13交叉口形式的选择时既要满足排水、管线的要求，又要与周围地形环境相适应。选择一项：对 题目14主、次道路相交，次要道路的纵横坡度一般均保持不变，主要道路的纵横坡度可适当改变。选择一项：错 题目15城市道路照明的首要任务是满足城市夜间景观要求。选择一项：
8、错 题目16路基是路面的基础，是道路工程的主体工程。选择一项：对 题目17路基在大气、地面水和地下水的侵蚀作用下，其强度会发生很大的变动。选择一项：对 题目18对于原有道路的拓宽和改建，路面设计时应根据路基土的分界稠度确定路基干湿类型。选择一项：对 题目19土基回弹模量表示土基在弹性变形阶段内，在垂直荷载作用下，抵抗竖向变形的能力。选择一项：对 题目20排水沟的布置离路基应尽可能近些。选择一项：错 题目21急流槽的纵坡要比跌水更陡。选择一项：对 题目22为保证路基的稳定性，除作好路基排水外，还必须对路基进行必要的防护与支挡加固。选择一项：对 形考任务3一、单项选择题：（共10个小题，每小题4分
9、，共40分）题目1石质路基开挖最简单有效地施工方法是（ ）选择一项：D. 爆破施工 题目2路基施工基本方法中，工效最低的是（ ）选择一项：A. 人工施工 题目3按照路堤设计横断面，自下而上逐层填筑的施工方法称为（ ）选择一项：D. 分层填筑法 题目4路堤下层用竖向填筑，上层用水平分层填筑的施工方法称为选择一项：D. 混合填筑法 题目5压实后土体的密实度随深度增加而（ ）选择一项：B. 递减 题目6路面抵抗变形的能力是指路面的（ ）选择一项：A. 刚度 题目7路面结构层次中直接与行车和大气相接触的表面层次是（ ）选择一项：A. 面层 题目8路面结构层次中的承重层是（ ）选择一项：C. 基层 题目
10、9为了保护路面面层的边缘，铺筑时，底基层宽度每侧宜比基层（ ）选择一项：D. 宽 题目10下列关于水泥混凝土路面的特点说法错误的一项是（ ）选择一项：D. 稳定性差 二、多项选择题（共2个小题，每小题10分，共20分）题目11实地放线操作方法主要有选择一项或多项：A. 综合法 D. 图解法 E. 解析法 题目12一般来讲，选择平曲线半径主要考虑的因素有（ ）选择一项或多项：D. 道路的等级和它所要求的设计车速 E. 地形、地物的条件 三、判断题（ 每套试题10个小题，每小题4分，共40分）题目13城市道路网通常是指各种道路在城市总平面图上的布局。选择一项：对 题目14方格网式道路网的优点是布局
11、整齐，有利于建筑布置和方向识别。选择一项：对 题目15环形放射式是由四周向内辐射路线，中心以环路沟通。选择一项：错 题目16路面结构需要翻修改建的年限为路面结构设计年限。选择一项：对 题目17由于离心力的产生，使汽车在平曲线上行驶时横向产生两种不稳定的危险:一是汽车向内滑移；二是向内倾覆。选择一项：错 题目18一般来讲，定线应尽量注意节约用地，少占农田。选择一项：对 题目19纸上定线就是将图上定好的道路中心线准确地移到实地上去。选择一项：错 题目20汽车在弯道上行使时，汽车前轮的轨迹半径和后轮的轨迹半径相同。选择一项：错 题目21一般来说，为使道路上汽车行驶快速和安全，纵坡值应取小一些。选择一
12、项：对 题目22为了使路线顺直，在地形等条件许可的情况下，应尽量使路线转角大一些。选择一项：错形考任务4一、单项选择题：（共10个小题，每小题4分，共40分）题目1对于高速公路、一级公路，夏季温度高、高温持续时间长、重载交通及山区和丘陵区上坡路段、服务区、停车区等行车速度慢的路段，尤其是汽车荷载剪应力大的层次，宜采用（ ）选择一项：C. 稠度大、60oC粘度大的沥青 题目2沥青路面施工的最后一道工序是（ ）选择一项：A. 路面的压实 题目3沥青混合料施工压实工序正确的一项是（ ）选择一项：C. 初压、复压、终压 题目4机械摊铺作业包括（ ）选择一项：A. 施工放样、摊铺机参数调整与选择、摊铺作
13、业 题目5沥青表面处治适用于（ ）选择一项：D. 三级及以下公路面层 题目6水泥混凝土路面的三辊轴机组铺筑是指（ ）选择一项：C. 采用固定模板，人工布料，手持工具振实、整平的混凝土路面施工工艺 题目7水泥混凝土面层板的施工程序第一步是（ ）选择一项：C. 施工放样 题目8沥青路面处治层的作用不包括（ ）选择一项：D. 提高强度 题目9水泥混凝土面层板的施工程序最后一步是（ ）选择一项：A. 混凝土的养护与填缝 题目10道路养护工程中的大修工程是指（ ）选择一项：B. 对道路的较大损坏进行的全面综合维修、加固 二、多项选择题（共2个小题，每小题10分，共20分）题目11沥青混合料所用的矿料有（
14、 ）选择一项或多项：A. 碎石 B. 砂 C. 破碎砾石 D. 石屑 E. 矿粉 题目12沥青路面施工的技术准备工作包括（ ）选择一项或多项：A. 施工放样 B. 编制实施性施工组织设计 D. 技术交底 E. 熟悉和核对设计文件 三、判断题（共10个小题，每小题4分，共40分）题目13改性沥青可单独或复合采用高分子聚合物、天然沥青及其他改性材料制作。选择一项：对 题目14矿料配合比设计的目的是选配一个具有足够密实度，并且具有较高内摩阻力的矿质混合料。选择一项：对 题目15沥青面层施工前，可不清理基层的浮灰。选择一项：错 题目16摊铺作业是沥青路面施工的关键工序之一。选择一项：对 题目17沥青混
15、合料摊铺机有履带式和轮胎式两种。选择一项：对 题目18水泥混凝土路面面层原材料的选择上可以选用火山灰水泥。选择一项：错 题目19混凝土拌合场地的选择首先要考虑使运送混合料的运距最短。选择一项：对 题目20混凝土拌合场地应有足够的面积，以供堆放砂石材料和搭建水泥库房。选择一项：对 题目21为防止混凝土中水分蒸发过快而产生缩裂，并保证水泥水化过程的顺利进行，混凝土应及时养护。选择一项：对 题目22城市道路养护是城市道路管理的重要环节。选择一项：对 最新国家开放大学电大管理英语4网络核心课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明：2022年春期电大把管理英语4网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核，它共
16、有八个单元自测。针对该门课程，给出了每个单元自测的二套标准题库，在考试中可多次抽取试题，直至与其中的一套答案相近即可。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案，敬请查看。单元自测1第一套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1 This project is too big for me to finish on time.选择一项：C. Ill give you a hand 题目2 I think things have been a bit difficult for us the last couple of months._. Weve been working hard, but s
17、till getting behind.选择一项：A. Youre right 题目3AT&T found that employees with better planning and decision-making skills were _ to be promoted into management jobs.选择一项：A. more likely 题目4The Human Resource Managing Department at Honda is given specific instructions _ employ the best possible workers.选择一
18、项：C. on how to 题目5The responsibilities in handbook _ that managers have to be concerned with efficiency and effectiveness in the work process.选择一项：B. indicate 题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。Who Killed Nokia?Nokia executives attempted to explain its fall from the top of the smartphone pyramid with three
19、 factors: 1) that Nokia was technically inferior to Apple, 2) that the company was complacent and 3) that its leaders didnt see the disruptive iPhone coming.It has also been argued that it was none of the above. Nokia lost the smartphone battle because of divergent shared fears among the companys mi
20、ddle and top managers which led to company-wide inertia that left it powerless to respond to Apples game.Based on the findings of an in-depth investigation and 76 interviews with top and middle managers, engineers and external experts, the researchers discovered a culture of fear due to temperamenta
21、l leaders and that frightened middle managers were scared of telling the truth.The fear that froze the company came from two places. First, the companys top managers had a terrifying reputation. Some members of Nokias board and top management were described as “extremely temperamental” and they regu
22、larly shouted at people “at the top of their lungs”. It was very difficult to tell them things they didnt want to hear. Secondly, top managers were afraid of the external environment and not meeting their quarterly targets, which also impacted how they treated middle managers.Top managers thus made
23、middle managers afraid of disappointing them. Middle managers were told that they were not ambitious enough to meet top managers goals.Fearing the reactions of top managers, middle managers remained silent or provided optimistic, filtered information. Thus, middle managers directly lied to top manag
24、ement.Worse, a culture of status inside Nokia made everyone want to hold onto vested power for fear of resources being allocated elsewhere if they delivered bad news or showed that they were not bold or ambitious enough to undertake challenging assignments.Beyond verbal pressure, top managers also a
25、pplied pressure for faster performance in personnel selection. This led middle managers to over promise and under deliver. One middle manager told us that “you can get resources by promising something earlier, or promising a lot. Its sales work.”While modest fear might be healthy for motivation, abu
26、sing it can be like overusing a drug, which risks generating harmful side effects. To reduce this risk, leaders should coordinate with the varied emotions of the staff. Nokias top managers should have encouraged safe dialogue, internal coordination and feedback to understand the true emotion in the
27、organization.操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。1. Nokia lost the smartphone battle because its technology is not as good as that of Apple. F2. Nokias middle managers were frank to tell the truth, but the top ones didnt listen to them. F3. Nokias top managers were too moody to hear anything good but harsh. T4. Middle m
28、anagers in Nokia delivered results more than they promised earlier. F5. Nokias top managers should have had better conversation techniques to encourage internal coordination and truth. T第二套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题） Could you give us a speech on management functions some day this week?选择一项：C. Id love to, bu
29、t Im busy this week题目2 We could let some of the staff work from home._? Thats a good idea.选择一项：B. What do you think of it题目3_ his anger the employees called him Mr. Thunder, but they loved him.选择一项：A. Due to题目4It is through enthusiasm and quiet intensity _ we transform creativity and vision into the
30、 technologies.选择一项：A. that 题目5The responsibilities in handbook _ that managers have to be concerned with efficiency and effectiveness in the work process.选择一项：B. indicate 题目6二、听力理解：听录音，选择最佳答案（共50分）。操作提示：通过下拉选项框，选择答案。1. What kind of role is Melinda taking on for her job? C. Project coordinator.2. How
31、 long will Melinda be trained for her new role? B. Half a month. 3. How often should Melinda report to the board on the progress of the project? A. Once a month.4. What kind of contract can Melinda sign with outside contractors? B. Standard temporary-worker contract. 5. Which one does NOT belong to
32、Melindas responsibilities? A. Formulate the industry standard of payment. 单元自测2第一套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1_identify the problems that have been occurring?Well, as you know, the problems we had with Gary caused a lot of friction among the team.选择一项：C. Are you able to 题目2 If you cant say what youve come
33、to say at the meeting, whats the point?_,but I think you might need to change your approach somewhat.选择一项：B. I can see that 题目3When the message finally reached the Command Center, it _ “mutated” to become “Send three and four-pence, were going to a dance.”选择一项：B. had 题目4Every time I tried to say som
34、ething, he would _ to something else.选择一项：B. move on 题目5If demand is rising but the firm _ from communication failure, then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing.选择一项：C. is suffering 题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。Habits of Highly Effective CommunicatorsIts no secret that good leaders are al
35、so good communicators. Indeed, communication and leadership are inextricably tied. How can you galvanize, inspire or guide others if you dont communicate in a clear, credible and authentic way? Here are 5 essential communication practices of effective leaders:1. Mind the say-do gap. Trust is the bed
36、rock of effective leadership your behavior is your single greatest mode of communication, and it must be congruent with what you say. If your actions dont align with your words, you are storing up trouble for the future.2. Make the complex simple. Effective leaders distill complex thoughts and strat
37、egies into simple, memorable terms that colleagues and customers can grasp and act upon. The most important thing is to clarify what you want to say, look out for technical jargon and avoid business speak, which add complexity. Say what you mean in as few words as possible.3. Find your own voice. Us
38、e language thats distinctly your own; let your values come through in your communication. Correct use of language and grammar are important, of course, but dont become overly fixated on eloquence for eloquences sake; concentrate on being distinct and real. People want real, people respect real, peop
39、le follow real.4. Be visible Visibility is about letting your key stakeholders get a feel for who you are and what you care about. Dont hide behind a computer and only interact with people electronically see them face to face and voice to voice, and interact with them in a real, substantial way. In
40、todays environment, where people are often burned out, its important for employees to have a personal connection with you and the work you believe in. Show the people that work for you that youre engaged and that you care about them and their work.5. Listen with your eyes as well as your ears. Effec
41、tive communication is a two-way process, and good leaders know how to ask good questions, and then listen with both their eyes and their ears. Because you are in a position of authority, others may be reluctant to express their real opinions to you directly. You wont always get direct feedback, so y
42、ou need to also be able to read between the lines and look for the non-verbal cues.操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。1. Communication and leadership dont always go hand in hand. F2. The say-do gap happens when people misunderstand their leaders intention. F3. Using technical jargon makes a leader convincing. F4. Commu
43、nicating sincerely is always the best. T5. Observation is as important as communication when you want to know what people really think. T第二套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1How did your meeting go yesterday? _actually, it was really frustrating.选择一项：A. Not so good 题目2How can you explain the latest situation?_,I
44、 know it is all my fault.选择一项：A. Sorry 题目3If demand is rising but the firm _ from communication failure, then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing.选择一项：C. is suffering题目4I think the primary _factor is theres been so much absence lately. 选择一项：A. contributing 题目5Hes left now, but productivity hasnt _that much.选择一项：C. picked up 题目6二、完型填空（共50分）操作提示：通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。What We Have Here: A Failure to CommunicateIt is the weirde thing. There are more ways than ever to communicate
