1、Analysensysteme GmbH1D-63452 Hanau, GermanyAnalysensysteme GmbH2ElementarElementarElementar元素分析仪元素分析仪元素分析仪元素分析仪元素分析仪元素分析仪在农业、土壤领域的应用在农业、土壤领域的应用在农业、土壤领域的应用在农业、土壤领域的应用在农业、土壤领域的应用在农业、土壤领域的应用 德国Elementar公司凭借其分析仪器制造上悠久的历史和燃烧分解方面独特的技术优势，设计和制造了一系列元素分析领域的最新仪器。 各种模式和不同适用范围的元素分析仪已在数量上和全球覆盖面上逐渐形成了优势。 本文叙述了Vari
2、o 系列元素分析仪在农业、土壤、食品、地质、海洋等研究和生产领域的使用。同时也介绍了与之相接近的各种新型总有机碳分析仪。 主要内容： 1. Vario EL系列元素分析仪结构、原理及性能。 2. Vario MAX系列CN、CNS各种模式的特殊设计和应用。 3. 总有机碳分析仪。 4. 最新的Vario MAX元素分析仪与同位素比质谱联用。 Analysensysteme GmbH3Analysensysteme GmbH4 is the leading German manufacturer for organic elemental analyzers of C, H, N, S and
3、O for more than 100 years.Based on this long experience, a totally new analyzer was introduced in 1992.Many hundreds of instruments have been sold worldwide in the meantime and additional versions for new applications have been added.Today, the 3rd generation of the vario family of elemental analyze
4、rs has become the worlds most comprehensive and successful line of analyzers for , , , and in all organic and in most inorganic substances.Analysensysteme GmbH5History ofHistory ofHistory ofElemental analysisElemental analysisElemental analysisDennstedt apparatus (1904)Dennstedt apparatus (1904)Denn
5、stedt apparatus (1904)Analysensysteme GmbHPrinciple of Nitrogen Determination Principle of Nitrogen Determination Principle of Nitrogen Determination acc. to Dumas (approx. 1900)acc. to Dumas (approx. 1900)acc. to Dumas (approx. 1900)organic compoundconsisting of C, H, N, OMixing of the sample with
6、copper oxide“Combustion” of sample in CO2 gasstream at abt. 850C(red glow)N2, NO, NO2, CO, CO2, CH4, H2OPostoxidation at CuO and reduction at CuAnalysensysteme GmbHPrinciple of Nitrogen Determination Principle of Nitrogen Determination Principle of Nitrogen Determination acc. to Dumas (approx. 1900)
7、 - Continued -acc. to Dumas (approx. 1900) - Continued -acc. to Dumas (approx. 1900) - Continued -N2, CO, CO2, H2OAdditional postoxidation at CuON2, CO2, H2OCO2 und H2O absorption at potassium hydroxideN2Volumetric determination of the nitrogenAnalysensysteme GmbHPrinciple of modern Principle of mod
8、ern Principle of modern organic elemental analysis (Determination of C H N S)organic elemental analysis (Determination of C H N S)organic elemental analysis (Determination of C H N S)(continued)(continued)(continued)Reduction and O2-absorption at CuN2, CO2, SO2, H2O, HCl.Absorption of halogens at Ag
9、-woolN2, CO2, SO2, H2O“Dynamic“ ad- / desorption with columnsN2- peakCO2-peakH2O-peakSO2-peakDetection with TCDAnalysensysteme GmbH9Despite of special features of the individual members of the family, there are common properties which are characteristic for the performance of all vario analyzers. An
10、alysensysteme GmbH10 Complete and controlled combustion also of large sample amounts by means of high temperature furnaces with three separate and spacious zones for combustion, post combustion and reduction. Direct oxygen jet injection on the sample combustion spot saves expensive oxygen. Gas separ
11、ation by means of specific purge and trap columns for H2O, CO2 and SO2 ensures large dynamic analytical concentration range for the elements for micro and macro analysis. All combustion gases are analyzed and monitored during the whole combustion process, thus allowing full control and recovery for
12、a quantitative analysis.Analysensysteme GmbH11 The gas stream is carefully stabilized by automatic electronic devices. Also special design measures serve for stable results, regardless of sample amount and kind. Fully automatic instrument operation and data evaluation by a separate PC under Windows
13、with all modern features including LIMS integration or remote control via modem. Highest safety standards according to CE, DIN and EMC. Even combustion furnace operates on low voltage - just like the whole instrument. Based on proven technologies, special attention has been paid to long maintenance-
14、free operation, easy handling, low consumption costs and minimal installation requirements.Analysensysteme GmbH12Analysensysteme GmbH13Universal elemental analyzer for micro and semi-micro samples, for all kinds of chemical or natural substances.Applicable for solids or liquids (capsule technique).C
15、oncentrations C, H, N, O, S from 0.01 - 100 %.Versions:attachments for oxygen analysis available - TCD or IR detection.Analysensysteme GmbH14Analysensysteme GmbH15Analysensysteme GmbH16CN determination in CN determination in CN determination in soil with the vario EL soil with the vario EL soil with
16、 the vario EL IIIIIIIIISampleNo.WeightmgC % S. abs.N % S. abs.1approx. 150 mg3.502 0.0390.219 0.0012approx. 150 mg0.723 0.0110.067 0.0013approx. 150 mg4.547 0.0820.271 0.0044approx. 150 mg2.389 0.0260.049 0.0015approx. 150 mg0.138 0.0040.025 0.000The measurements are based on 4 determinations.Analys
17、ensysteme GmbH17Sampleno.WeightmgNitrogenCarbonSulfurCont. %Cont %Cont. %1198.4760.03250.12190.01062206.3480.03250.12280.01013206.0120.03140.12110.00934221.6460.03880.12070.0089Statistical evaluation:M %S rel. (%)S abs. (%)Nitrogen:0.033710.12740.0034Carbon0.12160.74120.0009Sulfur0.00977.92010.0008A
18、nalysensysteme GmbH18SampleNo.WeightmgNitrogenCarbonSulfurCont. %Cont %Cont. %121.10701.868450.5510.1686221.18201.873550.5580.1729323.11101.865850.5900.1742420.21801.897150.5980.1712522.28501.855950.5400.1713Statistical evaluation:M %S rel. (%)S abs. (%)Nitrogen:1.87220.81910.0153Carbon50.56760.0497
19、0.0252Sulfur0.17161.23830.0021Analysensysteme GmbH19SampleNo.WeightmgC % S. abs.N % S. abs.1approx. 150 mg3.502 0.0390.219 0.0012approx. 150 mg0.723 0.0110.067 0.0013approx. 150 mg4.547 0.0820.271 0.0044approx. 150 mg2.389 0.0260.049 0.0015approx. 150 mg0.138 0.0040.025 0.000The measurements are bas
20、ed on 4 determinations.Analysensysteme GmbH20CN determination in CN determination in CN determination in glass fibre filters with the vario EL glass fibre filters with the vario EL glass fibre filters with the vario EL IIIIIIIIIGlass fibrefilter no.C mgN mgI0.2870.042II0.3020.040III0.2980.042IV0.226
21、0.036Analysensysteme GmbH21For Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometryof 13C, 15N, 34S isotopes, e.g. for tracer analysis.Versions:Analysensysteme GmbH22rapid N IIIrapid N IIIrapid N IIIAnalysensysteme GmbH23Functional diagramFunctional diagramFunctional diagramrapid N IIIrapid N IIIrapid N IIIAnalysensyste
22、me GmbH24Protein DeterminationProtein DeterminationProtein Determinationwith rapid Nwith rapid Nwith rapid NSampleMeanvalue%relative standarddeviation%absolute standarddeviation%Deviationmax.roll flour11.94990.6570.07850.1427flour of in airclassification9.13000.30330.02770.0536flour of in airclassif
23、ication23.66870.16530.03910.0757wheatsample 111.22490.98680.11080.2040wheatsample 212.22990.46930.05740.1145wheatsample 312.98191.28750.16600.3319Analysensysteme GmbH25Selection of TubesSelection of TubesSelection of TubesAnalysensysteme GmbH26Sample preparationSample preparationSample preparationAn
24、alysensysteme GmbH27Sample preparationSample preparationSample preparationAnalysensysteme GmbH28Elemental analyzer for macro samples (solids and liquids) up to 5 g weight, sample handling with reusable crucibles and automatic ash removal.Concentrations C, H, N, S from 0.01 - 100 %Versions:Analysensy
25、steme GmbH29Functional diagramFunctional diagramFunctional diagramvario MAX CNvario MAX CNvario MAX CNAnalysensysteme GmbH30Functional diagramFunctional diagramFunctional diagramvario MAX CNSvario MAX CNSvario MAX CNSAnalysensysteme GmbH31Analysensysteme GmbH32Sample feedingSample feedingSample feed
26、ingAnalysensysteme GmbH33CarrouselCarrouselCarrouselAnalysensysteme GmbH34Analysensysteme GmbH35Application areasApplication areasApplication areasAnalysensysteme GmbH36Mean value of 5 individual measurementsSample% N% Proteinppm NS rel. %Tham 500 ppm0.050-500.00.475beer alcoholfree0.0490.304486.81.
27、063beer Export0.1070.66710670.799beer Bock0.1220.76012160.488alcohol starch0.0080.05181.102.462reference starch0.0050.03251.743.380plant starch0.0020.01523.395.803Tham 50 ppm0.005-50.017.844Analysensysteme GmbH37Mean value of 5 measurementsSample% N% ProteinRSD %Glutamic acid9.506-0.128Wheat 10.81.9
28、1010.890.260Malt 10.91.78411.150.382Hay 16.72.69616.850.317Pea 22.73.68123.000.235Milk0.5523.5200.505Analysensysteme GmbH38Mean value of 5 measurementsSample% NS rel. % CRSD %C/Nratiostarch A0.0412.03539.290.018968.1starch B0.0381.27839.070.0211019starch C0.0108.73942.080.0634376starch 0.042%N0.0430
29、.87739.270.007920.4aspartic acid10.520.17336.100.0963.433spruce 158341.2550.58248.210.04738.42spruce 158401.1110.18246.880.02542.19spruce 158501.1710.35247.290.04340.38fir1.2470.14349.180.07739.44Analysensysteme GmbH39Mean value of 5 measurementsSample% NRSD % CRSD %C/NratioWeight mgAspartic acid10.
30、510.06136.090.0143.433approx. 350Aspartic acid10.500.46836.120.1293.440approx. 50Soil Bhs-100.2283.0075.5812.49124.51approx. 400Soil Bhs-100.2211.5935.5451.67625.04approx. 800Soil standard 40.2961.3744.1930.31214.18approx. 200Soil standard 40.2940.1274.1810.02714.22approx. 800Soil standard 20.1490.4
31、601.6360.14510.96approx. 400Soil standard 20.1500.2521.6360.23710.91approx. 800Analysensysteme GmbH40Mean value of 5 measurementssample% NRSD % CRSD % SRSD %C/NratioSulfadiazin22.350.04147.990.02812.830.0892.147Beech .27% S2.5550.04047.940.0590.2851.54418.76Silage .25% S2.7020.12143.030.0320.2421.23
32、915.92Silage .26% S2.7560.26343.280.0120.2631.06015.70Fir .085% S1.2700.37649.960.0350.1171.97939.32Spruce .10% S1.1010.17446.830.0520.1231.28042.52Spruce.15% S1.2500.39048.210.0440.1670.88838.58Spruce .20% S1.1740.41547.290.0710.2100.89940.29Wheat .17% S2.3120.36541.65-0.1663.62318.01Rape .53% S4.2
33、400.19343.050.0400.5250.26710.16Analysensysteme GmbH41For Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometryof 13C, 15N, 34S isotopes.The only existing EA-IRMS analyzer line for macro samples up to 5 g weight.Versions:Analysensysteme GmbH42liquiTOCliquiTOCliquiTOCAnalysensysteme GmbH43Flowchart Flowchart Flowchart 流程图
34、流程图流程图流程图流程图流程图I RPCLoopC a r r i er ga sW a steW a steM a ss fl owcontr ol l erAutosa m p l erC ool er 1C ool er 2O ven 1O ven 2W aterC atal ystHC lHal ogen absor berAnalysensysteme GmbH44Available parametersAvailable parametersAvailable parameters一次进样可测定的一次进样可测定的一次进样可测定的一次进样可测定的一次进样可测定的一次进样可测定的6 6 6种参数种参数种参数种参数种参数种参数 TIC= Total Inorganic Carbon 总无机碳总无机碳 TC= Total Carbon 总碳总碳 TNb= Total bound Nitrogen 总化合氮总化合氮 NPOC= Non- purgeable Organic Carbon 非挥发性的有机碳非挥发性的有机碳 POC= Purgeable Organic Carbon 挥发性有机碳挥发性有机碳 TOC = Total Organic Carbon 总有机碳总有机碳
