1、考点规范练38.阅读理解A(2017全国)A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,its an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equi
2、pment with you,since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and f
3、astened on your belt.To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end res
4、ts all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides.The low po
5、int of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.When the
6、 container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.Its delicate.B.Its expensive.C.Its complex.D.Its portable.2.What does the underlined phr
7、ase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheets center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still
8、 works,drops of water come into the cup from.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheetBBrooke Martins golden retriever(金毛猎犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pe
9、ts.She wondered:“What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?”Working with her father in their garage,the 16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPooch.“The dog doesnt have to answer the
10、 call,”explains Brooke.“It comes up immediately on the screen on its end.Its a two-way audio and videoyou can see and hear each other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competitio
11、n for middle-school students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St.Paul,Minn.After Martins video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge,s
12、he was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson,a product development scientist in 3Ms consumer health care division.“I just lead her down the product development path,”Langer-Anderson told LiveScience.This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product,which combines a video chat device that
13、 answers immediately on the dogs end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.“One thing I have thought about a lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your dog knocks it over,or scratches the screen?”Martin said.She and Langer-Anderson discussed this,and Marti
14、n is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floor to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test,with the guidance from a mentor.Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an
15、app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method,testing their hypothesis,in a determined way.“So the kids dont get buried in data,”she said.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A.“iCPooch” wins
16、in a young scientist competitionB.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dogs hungerC.A man-made device lets people chat with their petsD.A kid-invented device calms dogs separation anxiety6.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by .A.allowing video chatB.making dogs sleepC.answering the callD.giving them food7
17、.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”?A.Competitors.B.Assistants.C.Instructors.D.Companions.8.What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A.They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C.They cope with the proble
18、ms related to computers.D.They are all accomplished through individual work.七选五阅读HowtoGetonaRealityTVShowThinkcarefullybeforeyouleap!Being on a reality TV show is about being exposed.And that exposure is to everyone,including your family,friends,neighbors,and your former school teachers.Is this some
19、thing you can handle?1 If youre not worried about this,then youre ready!On the other hand,if you value your privacy and reputation intensely,reality TV stardom may not be for you.Give it up before things get difficult if thats the case!2For a brand-new show,read whatever is already available in the
20、media about the shows intended themes,content,time slot,and audience.3 This is probably easier if youve watched it without fail since it began.Bepractical.When you assess your suitability to go any further,some of the things that you should keep in mind include being realistic.It makes little sense
21、to apply to be in a weight loss show when youre already at an ideal weight.4 If youre applying for a show wanting people with a business background or a college education and you dont have one,again,it may not be worth your while.Knowwhyyouwanttodothis.The shows producers will want a strong,well-fou
22、nded response.5 Telling them “I want to be famous”rarely distinguishes you from every other person wanting the same.Be confident in what you believe you can contribute to the show while focusing on your hoped-for outcome.A.Can you actually sing,dance,act,etc.,as required?B.Learn all that you can abo
23、ut the show before applying.C.Do you mind if people who used to know you talk about you?D.Nor is it wise to try modeling when your height isnt what theyre looking for.E.Do you have to eat things that are simply awful and that youd never think of eating in a million years?F.Give an answer that shows
24、your strengths,your interesting points,and a desire to be a good role model.G.For an existing show,it makes good sense to be up-to-date about the entire show from its previous seasons.短文改错I once took part in a speech contest.Such difficult was the topic that I completely had no idea about it.Even a
25、time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopeful and wanted to give up.And deep in my heart I didnt want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and take the contest seriously.I kept remind myself,“If I try my best,I wont feel regretful,whichever the result is.”In the following days I struggled
26、my goal.At the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it.考点规范练38(选修8Unit3).【解题导语】美国农业部的两位博士研制出一种蒸馏器。在水资源短缺的区域,这是一种非常不错的获得饮用水的设备。1.D推理判断题。从文章第一段的“Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.”可知,这种集水器设备携带起来很方便。人们可以把它折叠成一个小包并系在腰带上
27、。2.B词义猜测题。从文章第二段的“Toconstructaworkingstill.”和画线词后的productivity可推断出画线部分指的是thestill。3.C细节理解题。从文章第三段的“Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheetscenterdownwitharock.”可知,用塑料布把洞穴覆盖,并把塑料布的边缘用泥土弄牢。最后把一块石头压在塑料布的中心。因此选C项。4.D推理判断题。从文章最后一段的“Groundwaterevaporat
28、esandcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.”可知,这种蒸馏器的工作原理是创造一个温室。地面的水向上蒸发并在塑料布上聚集形成小水滴,然后水滴顺着塑料布流下来落到杯子里。【解题导语】本文介绍了一位16岁的中学生发明了一种远程照顾宠物狗的设备,并因此进入探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的前十名。5.D主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一位16岁的中学生发明了一种设备,这种设备能让狗和主人视频,让狗在主人离开时不感到焦虑,故选D项。6.A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“.ade
29、vicethatallowedpetownerstovideochatwiththeirpets!”可知,iCPooch通过让狗主人和狗视频聊天,从而让狗安静下来。故选A项。7.C词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Thesefinalists.areworkingwithmentorsoverthesummer.”可知,这次青年科学家挑战赛的决赛选手已经和指导者一起工作了一个夏天,画线词应表示“指导者”,故选C项。最后一段的withtheguidancefromamentor也是提示。8.B细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的第二句“Theirprojectsincludeafuelcell.andana
30、ppthatrewardsdriversfornottextingorcalling.”可知,这些决赛选手的发明可能帮助解决日常生活中的问题,故选B项。.【解题导语】本文为说明文。文章向我们介绍了如何上电视真人秀节目。比如说,上节目之前要认真考虑,了解你会被提问的问题及你的答案等。1.C本段讨论的话题是你一旦上了电视真人秀节目,认识你的人会议论你,因此在上节目前你要认真考虑。故选C项。空后一句中的this指代空处所在句的内容。2.B本题是选择段落主题句。由上下文中段落主题句的结构可知,空处需要一个简洁的祈使句。再结合本段内容可知答案为B项。3.G由空后一句中的“.ifyouvewatchedi
31、twithoutfailsinceitbegan.”可知,此处谈论的是一个已经播出过的节目,而不是一个全新的节目。故选G项。4.D本段谈论的主题是要现实一点,选择恰当的节目。本段中所举的例子均是围绕这一话题的。故选D项。5.F由空后的“TellingthemIwanttobefamous.”及空前的“Theshowsproducerswill.response.”可知,此处谈论的是你在申请参加节目时会被问到的问题和你的回答。.I once took part in a speech contest.SuchSo difficult was the topic that I completely
32、 had no idea about it.Even athe time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopefulhopeless and wanted to give up.AndBut deep in my heart I didnt want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and taketook the contest seriously.I kept remindreminding myself,“If I try my best,I wont feel regretful,whicheverwhatever the result is.”In the following days I struggled for my goal.AtIn the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it.6
