1、概要写作模拟训练题一、Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. More than any other aspect of the climate crisis, it is the over-production of carbon dioxide that has been valued.
2、But nitrogen and its abundant use in commercial fertilizer, also leads to air pollution and climate change. Evidence suggests their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and reduces biodiversity, as well as releasing gas (laughing gas).But nitrogen helps feed around ha
3、lf the worlds population and remains essential for the foreseeable future. With prices of fertilizer rising, many developing countries dont have access to it, with resulting threats to food security. The global nitrogen challenge involves both reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where its nee
4、ded most.A team of scientists has come up with a five-step plan to solve this two-sided problem. Benjamin Houlton, the leader, explains that only by undertaking a holistic approach and combining solutions can the problem be solved on both levels. The five steps identified involve changing agricultur
5、al practices, getting fertilizer to the places its needed, reducing nitrogen pollution and finally, both reducing food waste and promoting a change in diet. The latter two are essential because approximately one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted along the supply chain, which means that a
6、 large portion of the nitrogen fertilizer applied to crops is ultimately wasted. Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate woes might cause a sense of exhaustion. Nevertheless, he has an encouraging message. “The truth is, nitrogen is a blessing and a curse,” he says, “But
7、 if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen, you can quickly get systems to return to a more original state. That makes it very different from CO2. We lock in 30 to 50 years of climate impacts every time we send out a molecule of CO2 into the air. But with nitrogen you can get immediate returns o
8、n investment.”_参考答案：Although nitrogen leads to air pollution and climate change, it helps feed around half the worlds population and remains essential for the foreseeable future. A team of scientists has come up with a five-step plan to solve this two-sided problem. The leader admits that if the spi
9、ll-overs of nitrogen can be reduced, we can quickly get systems to return to a more original state.本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，尽管氮会导致空气污染和气候变化，但它帮助养活了世界上大约一半的人口，在可预见的未来仍然至关重要。一组科学家提出了一个五步计划来解决这一双面问题。这位领导承认，如果能减少氮的溢出，我们就能迅速使系统恢复到更原始的状态。1 要点摘录 But nitrogen and its abundant use in commercial fertilizer, also leads
10、to air pollution and climate change. But nitrogen helps feed around half the worlds population and remains essential for the foreseeable future.A team of scientists has come up with a five-step plan to solve this two-sided problem.Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate
11、woes might cause a sense of exhaustion. But if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen, you can quickly get systems to return to a more original state.2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句Although nitrogen leads to air pollution and climate change, it helps feed around half the worlds populatio
12、n and remains essential for the foreseeable future.A team of scientists has come up with a five-step plan to solve this two-sided problem. The leader admits that if the spill-overs of nitrogen can be reduced, we can quickly get systems to return to a more original state.二、Directions: Read the follow
13、ing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gothic or Helvetica? Fonts MatterIn a crowded marketplace, many mainstream consumer brands have placed more focus on fonts(字体) as a crucial part of their marketin
14、g.When Southwest Airlines upgraded its brand in 2014, it changed its font and logo as part of the project. The company wanted to create the image of an airline that cared about customer loyalty one that had heart. So, Southwest changed its all-caps Helvetica font to a thicker, custom-made (定制的) Sout
15、hwest Sans font that included lowercase letters. It also added a tricolor (三色的) heart to the logo. All these changes were meant to convey a softer, friendlier tone.A survey of Southwest customers showed that 95 percent found the new identity appealing. “Weve definitely seen an increase in bookings a
16、nd brand momentum (品牌动力),” said Helen at Southwest Airlines. “Were in a very competitive category and were trying to avoid that sameness.”The right fonts can help brands stand out in a competitive market. However, they need to know whom they are targeting and what they want to say. Monster Beverage
17、is a good example. The eye-catching logo and colors connected with fans of sports, who were exactly its target customers. Now Monsters logo remains valuable and recognizable.Legacy companies are sometimes nervous about making changes, but they risk making no progress if they dont. When the clothing
18、retailer Gap changed its spire-like font to Helvetica, customers pushed back hard. “The new logo lost all the personality the original mark had acquired over the years,” said Matt See, senior art director. “And it was rolled out without explanation. It felt like no thought was put into it.”Experts r
19、ecommended that companies conduct surveys before making a change to their logos. Done right, fonts allow brands to show their human side and personality, which can connect with consumers emotionally.参考答案:Many brands pay more attention to fonts because of the fierce competition. Southwest Airlines ch
20、anged the font and logo to convey a softer and friendlier tone, which received a good response. However, companies should know their target and conduct surveys before changing like Monster Beverage whose logo still has value, or else, they would lost their original personality like Gap.本文是一篇说明文。文章主要
21、介绍了由于市场竞争激烈，许多主流消费品牌更加关注字体作为其营销的关键部分，比如西南航空公司为了传达一种更柔和、更友好的语气更改了字体和徽标，获得很好的反响。然而，公司在做出改变之前，需要明确他们的目标是谁，他们想说什么，否则就会像服装零售商Gap一样，更改字体之后反而失去了原来的个性。1 要点摘录In a crowded marketplace, many mainstream consumer brands have placed more focus on fonts as a crucial part of their marketing.Southwest Airlines upgra
22、ded its brand and changed its font and logo to convey a softer, friendlier tone. A survey of Southwest customers showed that 95 percent found the new identity appealing.The right fonts can help brands stand out in a competitive market. However, they need to know whom they are targeting and what they
23、 want to say. Monster Beverage is a good example.The clothing retailer Gap changed its spire-like font to Helvetica, customers pushed back hard. The new logo lost all the personality the original mark had acquired over the years. Experts recommended that companies conduct surveys before making a cha
24、nge to their logos.2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Southwest Airlines changed the font and logo to convey a softer and friendlier tone, which received a good response. However, companies should know their target and conduct surveys before changing like Monster Beverage whose logo still has v
25、alue, or else, they would lost their original personality like Gap.三、Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as fars as possible.Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by th
26、e division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the m
27、iddle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American
28、goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equall
29、y by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of Ame
30、rican society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying
31、situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or womens liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditi
32、onal womens jobs as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree t
33、hat important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.参考答案：Male and female roles were once easily divided by labour. However, this has changed. The counterculture offered them new role choices. Men tended to tran
34、sform their economic and social patterns while women called for equal jobs and promotion opportunities in womens liberation. Though its difficult to adapt to these transformations, the influence of counterculture is going into all levels of society.本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，男性和女性的角色曾经很容易被分工。然而，这种情况已经改变。反主流文化为他
35、们提供了新的角色选择。男子倾向于改变其经济和社会模式，而妇女则要求在妇女解放中获得平等的工作和晋升机会。虽然很难适应这种转变，但反主流文化的影响正在渗透到社会的各个层面。1.要点摘录 Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. But by the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed.The counterculture presented men
36、and women with new role choices.Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or womens liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the
37、experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.2.缜密构思 将1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行概括，第5个要点总说。3.遣词造句Male and female roles were once easily divided by labour. However, this has changed.
38、The counterculture offered them new role choices. Men tended to transform their economic and social patterns while women called for equal jobs and promotion opportunities in womens liberation. Though its difficult to adapt to these transformations, the influence of counterculture is going into all l
39、evels of society.四、Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.My neighbors children love playing hide-and-seek as all children do, but no one imagine that a game they played last
40、 week would be reported in the local newspaper.One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner. Young Paul, who is only five years old, found the perfect place to hide. His sister, Natalie, had shut her eyes and was counting to ten when Paul noticed the storage mail box at the cor
41、ner and saw that the metal door was standing open. The mailman had just taken out several sacks of mail and had carried them to his truck which was standing at the curb a few feet away. Paul climbed into the storage box and pulled the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had do
42、ne, he became frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brothers cries.She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the
43、 metal door. Paul was now free, but he had had such a bad scare that he could not stop crying. The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself!参考答案：The children were playing
44、 hide-and-seek in a vacant lot one afternoon. Finding that the storage mailbox had been left open, Paul hid and locked himself in it accidentally. His sister, Natalie, heard his cries and realized where he was hiding, so she immediately told the mailman to unlock the metal door. After letting him ou
45、t, the mailman made him stop crying by telling him to put a stamp on himself the next time he wanted to hide in a mailbox.本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述一群孩子在玩捉迷藏的游戏。保罗发现了一个没有关上的邮箱，于是，他藏了进去并把自己锁进里面了。他是如此的害怕以至于哭的很厉害。他的姐姐娜塔莉在听到他的哭声后马上叫来了邮递员并打开了邮箱门。1.要点摘录My neighbors children love playing hide-and-seek as all children d
46、o, but no one imagine that a game they played last week would be reported in the local newspaper.One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner.Paul noticed the storage mail box at the corner and saw that the metal door was standing open.Paul climbed into the storage box and pull
47、ed the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had done, he became frightened and started crying.It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brothers cries.She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door.The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself!2.缜密构思将第1和2两个要点，3和4两个要点，5和6两个要点分别进行整合，将第7个要点进行重组。3.遣词造句The children were playing hide-and-seek in
