1、College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13消化系统疾病消化系统疾病山东农业大学动科院 马卫明College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright
2、 All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13口炎(口炎(Stomatitis)l口炎是口腔黏膜表层或深层组织的炎症,常发生于舌、口炎是口腔黏膜表层或深层组织的炎症,常发生于舌、齿龈和颊黏膜等处,患病犬猫以流涎、拒食或厌食、口齿龈和颊黏膜等处,患病犬猫以流涎、拒食或厌食、口腔黏膜潮红肿胀、甚或溃疡为特征。腔黏膜潮红肿胀、甚或溃疡为特征。 l病因病因1.机械性损伤机械性损伤:骨头、尖锐异物(玻璃、木片等)或过长的骨头、尖锐异物(玻璃、木片等)或过长的犬齿可直接刺伤口腔黏膜;犬齿可直接刺伤口腔黏膜;2.化学性刺激:偶然接触具有强烈刺激性的酸、碱或刺激化学性刺激:偶然接触具有强烈
3、刺激性的酸、碱或刺激性化学药物,致使黏膜损伤;性化学药物,致使黏膜损伤;3.微生物因素:当机体出现免疫抑制或长期使用广谱抗生微生物因素:当机体出现免疫抑制或长期使用广谱抗生素后,白色念珠菌容易引起本病;素后,白色念珠菌容易引起本病;4.继发于某些疾病:咽炎、舌炎、猫杯状病毒感染,或维继发于某些疾病:咽炎、舌炎、猫杯状病毒感染,或维生素生素B族缺乏、烟酸缺乏,都可表现出本病症状。族缺乏、烟酸缺乏,都可表现出本病症状。 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Vete
4、rinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l症状症状1.食欲基本正常,但采食欲基本正常,但采食谨慎,咀嚼缓慢,食谨慎,咀嚼缓慢,有流涎现象;有流涎现象;2.口腔黏膜潮红、肿胀,口腔黏膜潮红、肿胀,甚至有糜烂、溃疡,甚至有糜烂、溃疡,呼出的气体多有难闻呼出的气体多有难闻臭味。臭味。l口腔黏膜上皮脱落,黏膜下充血口腔黏膜上皮脱落,黏膜下充血College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Ve
5、terinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l一一6岁杂种犬的溃疡性口炎黏膜充血、溃疡、坏死岁杂种犬的溃疡性口炎黏膜充血、溃疡、坏死College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l上颚溃上颚溃疡疡College of Animal Science a
6、nd Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l犬真菌性口腔炎犬真菌性口腔炎舌表面覆盖一舌表面覆盖一层乳白色物质,层乳白色物质,培养后发现白色培养后发现白色念珠菌念珠菌College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAU
7、Copyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l免疫功能低下引起的唇炎黏膜皮肤交界处是最常免疫功能低下引起的唇炎黏膜皮肤交界处是最常见发病部位,培养后发现念珠菌感染见发病部位,培养后发现念珠菌感染College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l钩端螺旋体引起的钩端螺旋体引起的犬急性尿毒症,导犬急性尿
8、毒症,导致舌尖坏死、脱落致舌尖坏死、脱落College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l猫疱疹病毒引猫疱疹病毒引起的口腔和舌起的口腔和舌溃疡溃疡College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary
9、Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l猫杯状病毒感染引起的口腔溃疡猫杯状病毒感染引起的口腔溃疡College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l猫白血病病毒感染引起的口猫白血病病毒感染引起的口腔、舌的坏死和溃疡腔、舌的坏死和溃疡College of Animal
10、 Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l猫免疫缺陷病毒引感染起的牙猫免疫缺陷病毒引感染起的牙周病、口腔黏膜充血和溃疡周病、口腔黏膜充血和溃疡College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAU
11、Copyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l一只一只2岁金毛狥猎犬患酵母菌病引起的舌肉芽肿岁金毛狥猎犬患酵母菌病引起的舌肉芽肿College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l犬原发性甲状腺机能低下引起的舌炎和唇溃疡,犬原发性甲状腺机能低下引起的舌炎和唇溃疡,在对原发病进行治疗后这些症状就很快消失
12、了在对原发病进行治疗后这些症状就很快消失了College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l犬食入氢氧化犬食入氢氧化钠后引起的口钠后引起的口腔损伤腔损伤College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterina
13、ry Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l一幼犬啃咬异物引起的舌坏死一幼犬啃咬异物引起的舌坏死College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l一小木棍戳入牙一小木棍戳入牙缝中引起的口腔缝中引起的口腔损伤损伤College of Animal Science
14、and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l治疗治疗1.首先细致检查口腔并除去可能存在的尖锐异物等,积极首先细致检查口腔并除去可能存在的尖锐异物等,积极治疗原发病;治疗原发病;2.口腔冲洗口腔冲洗 使犬头平伸或低下,用一次性注射器抽吸使犬头平伸或低下,用一次性注射器抽吸0.1%高锰酸钾溶液、高锰酸钾溶液、2%3%硼酸或明矾溶液,从一侧口硼酸或明矾溶液,从一侧口角注入口腔,反复多次,然
15、后在溃疡处涂搽角注入口腔,反复多次,然后在溃疡处涂搽1%紫药水或紫药水或2%3%碘甘油。碘甘油。3.黏膜炎症剧烈时,可配合服用抗生素或清热解毒药等,黏膜炎症剧烈时,可配合服用抗生素或清热解毒药等,如阿莫西林或头孢氨苄胶囊、牛黄解毒片或复方黄芩片,如阿莫西林或头孢氨苄胶囊、牛黄解毒片或复方黄芩片,每天每天23次。次。4.若流涎过多,可服用颠茄片或阿托品片,以减少唾液分若流涎过多,可服用颠茄片或阿托品片,以减少唾液分泌。泌。5.为促进口腔溃疡愈合,最好再补充适量的维生素为促进口腔溃疡愈合,最好再补充适量的维生素A、复合、复合维生素维生素B和维生素和维生素C等。等。6.治疗中注重饲喂富有营养的流质或
16、柔软食物,减少对口治疗中注重饲喂富有营养的流质或柔软食物,减少对口腔黏膜的刺激。腔黏膜的刺激。 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13食管梗塞食管梗塞l食管梗塞是指食团或异物阻塞了食管,临床上以突然发食管梗塞是指食团或异物阻塞了食管,临床上以突然发病及咽下障碍为主要特征,可分为完全梗塞或不完全梗病及咽下障碍为主要特征,可分为完全
17、梗塞或不完全梗塞。多发生于胸腔入口处或心和膈的食管裂孔之间。塞。多发生于胸腔入口处或心和膈的食管裂孔之间。 l病因病因1.犬吞食了较大饲料块片造成食管阻塞,如骨块、软骨块、犬吞食了较大饲料块片造成食管阻塞,如骨块、软骨块、肉块、腱块等。肉块、腱块等。2.混于食物中小而尖的异物也可引起阻塞。混于食物中小而尖的异物也可引起阻塞。3.一些玩具(弹力球等)及其他一些异物被犬吞食了也会一些玩具(弹力球等)及其他一些异物被犬吞食了也会造成食管阻塞。造成食管阻塞。4.过度饥饿时,采食过急,或在采食过程中受到惊扰,突过度饥饿时,采食过急,或在采食过程中受到惊扰,突然扬头吞咽,是造成食管梗塞的常见诱因。然扬头吞
18、咽,是造成食管梗塞的常见诱因。 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l症状症状1.病犬不完全梗塞时,表现轻微的躁动不安,采食病犬不完全梗塞时,表现轻微的躁动不安,采食缓慢,吞咽小心,有时出现呕吐,或频繁做哽噎缓慢,吞咽小心,有时出现呕吐,或频繁做哽噎动作。吞咽有疼痛表现。动作。吞咽有疼痛表现。2.病犬完全梗塞时,高度不安,拒食
19、,大量流涎,病犬完全梗塞时,高度不安,拒食,大量流涎,头颈伸直,频繁表现哽噎或呕吐动作,有时吐出头颈伸直,频繁表现哽噎或呕吐动作,有时吐出带血液的泡沫性粘液,用后肢搔抓颈部,出现阵带血液的泡沫性粘液,用后肢搔抓颈部,出现阵咳或窒息,头部水肿。咳或窒息,头部水肿。 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l诊断1.根据病史及临床症状
20、可作出初步诊断;2.可用胃导管进行食管探诊;College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-133.也可借助X射线检查,以确定异物的位置及性质。l5岁杂种犬食道内有一鱼钩岁杂种犬食道内有一鱼钩College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Sc
21、ience and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-134.内窥镜检查可以直接看到异物内窥镜检查可以直接看到异物College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l治疗治疗1.对发生于食道起始部或食道上部的阻塞,在全身麻醉状对发生于食道起始部
22、或食道上部的阻塞,在全身麻醉状态下,力争经口腔用适当器械取出阻塞物;若确有困难,态下,力争经口腔用适当器械取出阻塞物;若确有困难,再施行食道上部切开术取出阻塞物。再施行食道上部切开术取出阻塞物。2.对发生于食道下部或接近胃的阻塞,可施行胃切开术取对发生于食道下部或接近胃的阻塞,可施行胃切开术取出阻塞物。出阻塞物。3.术后为预防阻塞部感染,可肌肉或静脉滴注氨苄青霉素术后为预防阻塞部感染,可肌肉或静脉滴注氨苄青霉素或先锋霉素或先锋霉素5080毫克毫克/千克体重,每天千克体重,每天2次。每天投服次。每天投服庆大霉素注射液庆大霉素注射液24毫升,有良好的局部抗菌消炎效果。毫升,有良好的局部抗菌消炎效果
23、。4.术后术后3天内禁食、禁水,每天按天内禁食、禁水,每天按5060毫升毫升/千克体重体重千克体重体重给予给予10%葡萄糖溶液和复方生理盐水,静脉或腹腔分次葡萄糖溶液和复方生理盐水,静脉或腹腔分次输入。输入。3日后服少量温糖盐水,日后服少量温糖盐水,57天后饲喂流质或柔软天后饲喂流质或柔软食物,逐渐转为正常饲喂。食物,逐渐转为正常饲喂。 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All rese
24、rved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l一一9岁巴塞特猎犬胃底腺癌,侵入岁巴塞特猎犬胃底腺癌,侵入到食管远端引起阻塞和食道扩张到食管远端引起阻塞和食道扩张College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l一一10岁德国牧羊犬食道内平滑肌瘤,岁德国牧羊犬食道内平滑肌瘤,阻塞食道阻塞食道College of Animal Scien
25、ce and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13胃内异物胃内异物 l胃内异物是指犬猫吞入的异物长期滞留胃内,既胃内异物是指犬猫吞入的异物长期滞留胃内,既不被胃液消化,又难以呕出或随粪便排出,因对不被胃液消化,又难以呕出或随粪便排出,因对胃黏膜长期造成机械性刺激而引起胃炎和胃消化胃黏膜长期造成机械性刺激而引起胃炎和胃消化机能障碍的疾病。机能障碍的疾病。College of Animal
26、 Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l病因病因1.在嬉戏或训练时,犬误食了石头、木塞、玻璃球、在嬉戏或训练时,犬误食了石头、木塞、玻璃球、骨头、毛团、手套、海绵、尼龙袜、纱布、缝针、骨头、毛团、手套、海绵、尼龙袜、纱布、缝针、鱼钩、弹力球、金属等。鱼钩、弹力球、金属等。2.犬寄生虫病、营养不良、维生素或矿物质缺乏等犬寄生虫病、营养不良、维生素或矿物质缺乏等引起
27、的异嗜,可使犬易于吞食异物而发病。引起的异嗜,可使犬易于吞食异物而发病。 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l症状症状1.根据吞食异物的性质及位置,病犬呈现急性胃炎根据吞食异物的性质及位置,病犬呈现急性胃炎或慢性胃炎症状。或慢性胃炎症状。2.病犬精神沉郁或痛苦不安,呕吐拒食,经常改变病犬精神沉郁或痛苦不安,呕吐拒食,经常改变
28、躺卧位置,呻吟。有的病例病程较长,机体消瘦。躺卧位置,呻吟。有的病例病程较长,机体消瘦。3.胃部触疹敏感,有时可在肋下部摸到胃内异物。胃部触疹敏感,有时可在肋下部摸到胃内异物。4.如为尖锐异物(缝针、钓鱼钩等)可损害胃粘膜,如为尖锐异物(缝针、钓鱼钩等)可损害胃粘膜,出现呕血或血便,甚至穿透胃壁造成胃穿孔出现呕血或血便,甚至穿透胃壁造成胃穿孔。College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All r
29、eserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l诊断1.根据病史和临床症状可作出初步诊断。2.采用X射线检查多能确诊。 l3岁松狮犬,腹背侧岁松狮犬,腹背侧X光片,显示胃内有光片,显示胃内有一鱼钩。该犬症状:一鱼钩。该犬症状:反复呕吐反复呕吐College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l利用内窥镜前端的夹子将鱼钩旋转一利用内窥
30、镜前端的夹子将鱼钩旋转一定角度,夹住鱼钩将其拉出定角度,夹住鱼钩将其拉出College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-134.内窥镜确诊内窥镜确诊l一犬胃内石块,对犬来说,石块也一犬胃内石块,对犬来说,石块也是一种常见异物是一种常见异物College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , S
31、DAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l猫将一团锦纶绳吞下,在胃内形成团状,猫将一团锦纶绳吞下,在胃内形成团状,用内窥镜夹子将其一点一点取出用内窥镜夹子将其一点一点取出College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved
32、, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l3岁杜宾犬,胃内岁杜宾犬,胃内有一个包裹着草有一个包裹着草叶的散热器管。叶的散热器管。该犬长期间歇性该犬长期间歇性呕吐,最终手术呕吐,最终手术取出。取出。College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l3岁牛头更,一个多月没进食,每次想吃岁牛头更,一个多月没进食,每次想吃东西,但是进食后立即呕吐
33、。肌肉萎缩,东西,但是进食后立即呕吐。肌肉萎缩,全身消瘦。全身消瘦。College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l上述犬的腹背侧上述犬的腹背侧X光片:光片:胃内没有气体,这种情胃内没有气体,这种情况对于绝食呕吐的动物况对于绝食呕吐的动物来说非常少见。来说非常少见。College of Animal Science and Veteri
34、nary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l对上述犬剖腹探查,发现胃内有大量对上述犬剖腹探查,发现胃内有大量异物堵塞十二指肠前端。异物为棒球异物堵塞十二指肠前端。异物为棒球和地毯碎屑。术后该犬稳定恢复。和地毯碎屑。术后该犬稳定恢复。College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and V
35、eterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l8岁杂种犬,长期慢性呕吐,电介质紊乱。岁杂种犬,长期慢性呕吐,电介质紊乱。X射线找不到异物,内窥镜发现是一黑色橡胶球射线找不到异物,内窥镜发现是一黑色橡胶球College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13
36、l3岁北京犬,每天岁北京犬,每天呕吐,持续了一个呕吐,持续了一个多月,兽医对其进多月,兽医对其进行了好多检查(包行了好多检查(包括括x 光),均无明光),均无明显异常,最后通过显异常,最后通过内窥镜发现幽门部内窥镜发现幽门部有一有一1cm三角形塑三角形塑料片,并用内窥镜料片,并用内窥镜取出。取出。College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7
37、-13l治疗治疗1.关键是排除胃内异物。可用催吐剂,肌内注射盐酸阿朴关键是排除胃内异物。可用催吐剂,肌内注射盐酸阿朴吗啡,剂量吗啡,剂量0.04mg/kg体重,诱使动物呕吐出异物。体重,诱使动物呕吐出异物。2.有时较少的非尖锐异物,可同粪便一起排出。有时较少的非尖锐异物,可同粪便一起排出。3.对尖锐异物或较大异物,需进行胃切开手术,取出异物。对尖锐异物或较大异物,需进行胃切开手术,取出异物。对于有异嗜癖的病犬,还应加强饲养管理,治疗原发病。对于有异嗜癖的病犬,还应加强饲养管理,治疗原发病。4.内窥镜取出。内窥镜取出。5.平时防止犬误食异物。平时防止犬误食异物。 College of Anima
38、l Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13胃扩张胃扩张扭转综合征扭转综合征 l胃扩张是指胃突然地不正常扩张,胃的分泌物、气体和食胃扩张是指胃突然地不正常扩张,胃的分泌物、气体和食物的排空障碍,在胃内大量聚积,发病急,临床上以腹部物的排空障碍,在胃内大量聚积,发病急,临床上以腹部膨胀和腹痛为主要特征。胃扭转是指胃的幽门部由右侧向膨胀和腹痛为主要特征。胃扭转是指胃的幽
39、门部由右侧向左侧转,伴有贲门和十二指肠的部分或完全阻塞,食物后左侧转,伴有贲门和十二指肠的部分或完全阻塞,食物后送机能障碍,致使大量的气体、食物、液体在胃内蓄积。送机能障碍,致使大量的气体、食物、液体在胃内蓄积。若发生急性胃扩张,导致胃韧带松弛或断裂,可继发胃扭若发生急性胃扩张,导致胃韧带松弛或断裂,可继发胃扭转,称为胃扩张转,称为胃扩张扭转综合征,以发病急、病情恶化快、扭转综合征,以发病急、病情恶化快、高死亡率为特征。高死亡率为特征。College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Scienc
40、e and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l病因病因1.犬采食了大量干燥、难以消化或容易发酵的食物,继之剧犬采食了大量干燥、难以消化或容易发酵的食物,继之剧烈运动或饮用大量的水,可发生急性胃扩张。烈运动或饮用大量的水,可发生急性胃扩张。2.胃扩张常见于体型较大、深胸品种的犬,间或也发生于体胃扩张常见于体型较大、深胸品种的犬,间或也发生于体型较小品种的犬。发病率最高的几个品种:型较小品种的犬。发病率最高的几个品种:大丹犬、圣伯大丹犬、圣伯纳、戈登猎犬、爱尔兰猎犬、标准贵宾犬纳、戈登猎犬、爱尔
41、兰猎犬、标准贵宾犬;不太常见但发;不太常见但发病率比较高的:病率比较高的:苏俄牧羊犬、秋天犬、獒犬、斗牛犬苏俄牧羊犬、秋天犬、獒犬、斗牛犬;纯纯种犬的发病率是杂种犬的种犬的发病率是杂种犬的3倍!倍!3.犬的幽门部移动性较大,胃内容物过度充满可使胃脾韧带犬的幽门部移动性较大,胃内容物过度充满可使胃脾韧带和胃十二指肠韧带松弛或断裂,此时便极易发生胃扭转。和胃十二指肠韧带松弛或断裂,此时便极易发生胃扭转。胃扭转多是幽门部从右侧转向左侧,幽门被挤压于肝脏、胃扭转多是幽门部从右侧转向左侧,幽门被挤压于肝脏、食道末端和胃底间,可使贲门和幽门发生阻塞,胃、脾血食道末端和胃底间,可使贲门和幽门发生阻塞,胃、脾
42、血液循环障碍,可产生急性胃扩张症状。液循环障碍,可产生急性胃扩张症状。College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDA
43、UCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l胃顺时针扭转、扩张,胃壁血管瘀血胃顺时针扭转、扩张,胃壁血管瘀血 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l症状症状1.病犬常突然发生剧烈腹痛,不安,精神沉郁,食欲减少病犬常突然发生剧烈腹痛,不安,精神沉郁,食欲减少或废绝,有的嚎叫,茫然呆立或
44、躺卧于地,行动小心,或废绝,有的嚎叫,茫然呆立或躺卧于地,行动小心,常变换躺卧地点,可视粘膜潮红或发绀,呼吸数增加。常变换躺卧地点,可视粘膜潮红或发绀,呼吸数增加。2.腹部膨胀,并迅速增剧,叩诊呈鼓音,听诊可闻金属音,腹部膨胀,并迅速增剧,叩诊呈鼓音,听诊可闻金属音,振动胃下部,可听到拍水音。如仅仅是急性胃扩张,进振动胃下部,可听到拍水音。如仅仅是急性胃扩张,进行食管探诊,能放出大量气体、液体及食物;如果伴有行食管探诊,能放出大量气体、液体及食物;如果伴有胃扭转,食管探诊在贲门部常遇到阻力。胃扭转,食管探诊在贲门部常遇到阻力。3.重症病例,呼吸高度困难,脉搏频数,最后脉搏微弱,重症病例,呼吸高
45、度困难,脉搏频数,最后脉搏微弱,多于多于2448h以内死亡。有的病例,病程可长达以内死亡。有的病例,病程可长达5天或天或5天以上。天以上。College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l巴赛特猎犬突然死于笼内,在几个小时前检查巴赛特猎犬突然死于笼内,在几个小时前检查跛行还没有任何异常。跛行还没有任何异常。注意明显膨胀的胃!注意明显膨胀的
46、胃!College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l大丹犬患大丹犬患GDV,胃坏死,胃坏死College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright Al
47、l reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l诊断诊断1.仅根据临床症状很难对胃扩张和胃扭转作出诊断。仅根据临床症状很难对胃扩张和胃扭转作出诊断。2.食管探诊只能作为一种辅助诊断方法,因为胃扭食管探诊只能作为一种辅助诊断方法,因为胃扭转时胃导管不能插入胃内,但胃扩张时贲门痉挛转时胃导管不能插入胃内,但胃扩张时贲门痉挛也有不能插入导管的情况。也有不能插入导管的情况。3.胃扭转可通过胃扭转可通过X射线检查进行确诊。但在操作时射线检查进行确诊。但在操作时要注意,用力搬动会增加病犬的应激反应、增加要注意,用力搬动会增加病犬的应激反应、增加死亡的危险,所以死亡的危险,所以X射线检查应在初
48、步抗休克治射线检查应在初步抗休克治疗和胃减压后进行。疗和胃减压后进行。College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l犬急性胃扩张胃轮廓增大,胃内有大量较高密度犬急性胃扩张胃轮廓增大,胃内有大量较高密度的食物阴影的食物阴影College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCo
49、llege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l犬急性胃扩张胃轮廓增大,胃内有低密度的犬急性胃扩张胃轮廓增大,胃内有低密度的气体食物阴影气体食物阴影College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-1
50、3lX线检查有诊断意义,线检查有诊断意义,但是一定要减压后再检但是一定要减压后再检查!该犬没有减压,直查!该犬没有减压,直接进行接进行X线拍片,非常线拍片,非常危险!危险!College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , SDAUCopyright All reserved, MA WM PhD2022-7-13l通常通常GDV病例常规病例常规检查就可确诊,但检查就可确诊,但是对于图像中这种是对于图像中这种慢性病例,必须拍慢性病例