1、高中语法虚拟语气教学设计1 教学策略方法及学法1）以学生自主学习为中心，结合我校的“目标体验教学模式”，运用归纳教学法，通过开展多个自主学习、合作学习与探究学习的小组学习活动，在活动中渗透分层教学，关注每一个学生的情感等开展教学活动2）声情并茂，创造情景，启发诱导 。具体步骤：1、 示范游戏第一轮。值日报告、现场评论完毕，我面带笑容说，Lets play a game !让学生自动上来。居然一来就5位。站成一排。指令1：Well speak English here.It doesnt matter if you speak slowly.But you have to speak clear
2、ly and loudly.指令2（向全体）：Listen carefully. If you were him or her,what would you say?Give help if necessary.就绪，我进入状态，做异想天开状,say:I want to have a car，示意挨我而立的S1接下去说,悄悄提示：What would happen if I had a car?S1:If you had a car,you would have a car accident.S2:If you had a car accident,you would have to be s
3、ent to hospital.S3:If you were sent to hospital,we would go to see you.S5:If we took along some fruit,you would be happy.I:If I we were happy,I would recover soon.掌声2示范游戏第二轮。第二批，上来6位。我告之，现在的句子要跟刚才的有所不同。我做严肃状。A fire broke out in my village last night. 示意挨我而立的S1接下去说,悄悄提示:What would have happened if th
4、e fire had nt broken out ?S1:If the fire hadnt broken out, I wouldnt have called 119.S2:If you hadnt called 119,the firemen wouldnt have come.S3:If the firemen hadnt come,the fire wouldnt have been put out.S4:If the fire hadnt been put out ,the firemen wouldnt have left.S5;If the firemen had left,th
5、e fire would have broken out again .S6:If the fire had happened again,the firemen would have come again.I:I wish it were all not true!哄堂大笑。掌声3板书：If sb. did sth,sth. would happen.(for the present)If sb. had done sth.,sth would have happened.(for the past)4.小组活动。自由组合，play the game.指令：Make sure you pla
6、y two different ones,using these on Bb.各个兴致盎然地说着。我环绕四周，聆听他们的语言。二十分钟后Game over.问全体：Were you speaking English?Were you using subjunctive mood?大声齐答：Yes!5归纳总结，布置作业：write two short passages,using the given situations:If I were not a studentIf I hadnt attended the lecture last Wednesday说明一：游戏示范时上台的学生接龙句子遇
7、到困难，向同学求助，在得来的句子上进一步接龙，不对不罢休。习得语言并运用语言，尝到成功的快乐。说明二：全体学生动起来，不仅开口说 ，而且用body language.每位同学用双手两个大拇指，遇到从句和主句谓语结构都说对的,Two thumbs up! 说一半对的One thumb up ,one down. 互相激励，互相学习，直到说出的句子准确。说明三：本节课教学任务按时完成，语法重点突出。写能及时跟上。轻松愉快，水到渠成。虚拟语气语法详细讲解：1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。2）条件句可分为两类，一类
8、为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表：句型 条件从句 主句一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形祈使句情态动词一般现在时例如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的。典型例题:The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在
9、时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.（错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.（对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。2 非真实条件句1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。a. 与现在事实相反的假设条件从句 主句一般过去时（be用were） should（would）等 +动词
10、原形例如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。含义：They are not here, they cant help you.b. 与过去事实相反的假设条件从句 主句过去完成时 should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about i
11、t.c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想条件从句 主句一般过去时 should/would等 + 动词原形were+ 不定式should+ 动词原形例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will
12、 be what it is now.3 混合条件句有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。4 虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,
13、should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。Should it rain, the crops would be sa
14、ved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I
15、 wereC. Were ID. Was I答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Werent I to do。5 特殊的虚拟语气词should1）在主语从句中的应用It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。It is 可用
16、的词有三类 that （should）dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等a pity, a shame, no wonder等2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do等。例如：I s
17、uggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。 注意：如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 判断改错： （错） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.（错） I insisted t
18、hat you（should）be wrong.（对） I insisted that you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例如：My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next
19、 week.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。6 wish的用法1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：主句 从句从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为 were）现在时 过去时从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had + 过去分词） 过去时 过去完成时将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形例如：I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow.
20、我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do。例如：I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。7 比较if only与only ifonly if表示只有；if only则表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陈述语气。例如：I wake up only if th
21、e alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。8 It is （high） time thatIt is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。例如：It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。It is high time that the children should go to bed.9 n
22、eed 不必做和本不必做didnt need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。neednt have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步
23、行回家了。（Mary步行回家了，没有遇上John的车。）典型例题There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried答案D。neednt have done. 意为本不必，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。Mustnt have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt have done, 不可能已经。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。同步练习一单项选择1What
24、 would have happened _?A. if Bob has walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther2. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you_ so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got3. It is s
25、urprising that he _ at the meeting.A. was B. be C. is D. were4. Li Ping and I are going to Shanghai this week. If _ my job, Id come with you.A. there werent B. there werent forC. it werent D. it werent for5. How do you like the books? Oh, they are wonderful. People here think _ of the books.A. a num
26、ber B. a great many C. a great deal D. a plenty6. Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well. Its no _ he always gets the first place in any examination.A. question B. doubt C. problem D. wonder7. Being able to speak another language fluently is a great _ when youre looking for a job.A. chance B
27、. importance C. assistant D. advantage8. I planned _ to see you last week, but I was ill.A. to have come B. to come C. to be coming D. to have been coming9. _ all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded.A. What; what B. that; what C. what; that D. that; that10. Last term our maths teac
28、her set so difficult examination problems _ none of us worked out.A. that B. as C. so that D. which11. Has Tommy finished his homework?I have no idea. He _it this morning.A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did12. If you keep on, youll succeed _. Wish you success in the examinations.A. in
29、time B. at one time C. for the same time D. sometimes13. Bettys English is _ than _ in the class.A. much better; anyone else B. far better; anyone elsesC. a lot better; anyones else D. a great deal better; anyones elses14. Youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at what C. th
30、e place D. where15. My command of Chinese is not _ yours.A. as half as B. so half good as C. good as half as D. half so good as二、单词拼写1. He s_ his fork into a piece of meat.2. She a_ a knowledge of France.3. What an _(可怕的) smell!4. The teacher _(指示) the pupils to come into the gym.5. Feed the _ (资料)
31、into the computer and have it analyzed.6. She is still absent. Im a_ about her health.7. His success is _(有把握的)。8. To succeed in business one must be prepared to take _（冒险）.9. He is s_ to me by two years.10. Which dress is more a_ for the party, this one or that?一、 单项选择CDBDC DDACB AABDD二、 单词拼写Stuck; acquired; awful; instructs; data; anxious; secure; risks; senior; appropriate
