1、Unit 24 Flexible ManufacturingContentslNew Words&Expressions lText&TranslationlComplex Sentence AnalysislKey to ExercisesNew Words&Expressionslflexible fleksbl adj.灵活的，可变通的lflexible manufacturing 柔性制造 levolution i:vlu:n n.进化 lcontinuum kntinjum n.连续统一体lprecede pri:si:d v.在之前，先于lcomputer-integrated m
2、anufacturing 计算机集成制造系统 lGT（Group Technology）成组技术New Words&Expressionslsimultaneously saimlteinisli adv.同时地lmid-variety 中等种类lmid-volume 中等批量lcomputer distributed numerical control 计算机分布式数控 lemergence im:dns n.出现lviable vaibl adj.可实行的lmonolithic mnliik n.单片电路，单块集成电路lmodular system 模块系统New Words&Expres
3、sionslincipient insipint adj.初始的lautomated materials handling system 自动化材料处理系统lfamily of parts 零件族ltroubleshooting n.发现并修理故障，排故lreconfigure ri:knfig v.重新装配lvoid vid n.真空，空白llead time 生产周期Text&TranslationlThe evolution of manufacturing can be illustrated graphically in Fig.24-1,which indicates that t
4、he manufacturing process is a continuum.As this figure shows,manufacturing processes and systems are in a state of transition from manual operation to the eventual realization of fully integrated manufacturing.The step preceding computer-integrated manufacturing is called flexible manufacturing.Text
5、&TranslationFig.24-1 Manufacturing continuumText&TranslationlFlexibility is an important characteristic in modern manufacturing.A manufacturing system with flexibility is versatile and adaptable and it is also capable of handling high production runs.lA flexible manufacturing system(FMS)is a highly
6、automated GT machine cell,consisting of a group of processing workstations(usually CNC machine tools),interconnected an automated material handling and storage system.The reason the FMS is a called flexible is that it is capable of processing a variety of different part styles simultaneously at the
7、various workstations,and the mix of part styles and quantities of production can be adjusted in response to changing patterns demanded.The FMS is most suited for the mid-variety,mid-volume production range.Text&TranslationlThe technology involved in flexible manufacturing includes automated material
8、s handling,group technology,and computer distributed numerical control.The essential elements that enables a manufacturing system to be flexible includes:l1.Computer control.l2.Automated materials handling capability.l3.Tool handling capability.Text&TranslationlFlexible manufacturing was first intro
9、duced in the mid-1960s when the British firm Moils Ltd.developed its System 24.System 24 is a real FMS.However,it was doomed from the outset because automation,integration,and computer control technology had not yet been developed to the point where they could properly support the system.With the em
10、ergence of sophisticated computer control technology in the late 1970s and 1980s,flexible manufacturing became a viable concept.In the United States,manufacturers of automobiles,trucks,and tractors are the pioneers in adopting flexible manufacturing.Text&TranslationlOne of the major trends accompany
11、ing this shift has been the move from design and construction of essentially monolithic systems to modular systems with respect to both hardware and software.Another major worldwide trend is the aim of marking an FMS more intelligent.At this stage most of this effort is centered around making the wo
12、rkstations more intelligent.1This includes development and application of such features as on-line diagnostics combined with feedback to accomplish self-correction of actual or incipient failures,in-process sensing and feedback control of machining and cutting tool conditions and of the location of
13、workpiece surfaces,and in-process sensing and control of workplace accuracy,surface quality,etc.Text&TranslationlFlexible manufacturing makes a major advance toward the goal of fully integrated manufacturing by integrating several automated manufacturing concepts:l1.Computer numerical control(CNC)of
14、 individual machine tool.l2.Distributed numerical control(CNC)of manufacturing systems.l3.Automated materials handling systems.l4.Group technology(families of parts).Text&TranslationlWhen these automated processes,machines,and concepts are brought together in one integrate system,an FMS is achieved.
15、lThe dominating parts in an FMS are workers and computers.The amount of human labor is much less than with a manually operated manufacturing system,of course.However,humans still play a vital role in the operation of an FMS.Human tasks include the following:l1.Equipment troubleshooting,maintenance a
16、nd repair.l2.Tool changing and setup.l3.Loading and unloading the system.l4.Data input.l5.Changing of parts programs.l6.Development of programs.Text&TranslationlAn FMS can handle higher volumes and production rates than independent CNC machines.They cannot quite match such machines in terms of flexi
17、bility,but they come close.2What is particularly significant about the middle ground capabilities of flexible manufacturing is that most manufacturing situations require medium production rates to product medium volumes with enough flexibility to quickly reconfigure to produce another part or produc
18、t.Flexible manufacturing fills this long-standing void in manufacturing.Text&TranslationlFlexible manufacturing can provide a great number of advantages for manufacturers:l1.Flexibility within a family of parts.l2.Random feeding of parts.l3.Simultaneous production of different parts.l4.Decreased set
19、up time and lead time.l5.More efficient machine usage.l6.Decreased direct and indirect labor costs.l7.Ability to handle different materials.l8.Ability to continue some production if one machine breaks down.Text&Translationl制造的演变可用图表示为一个连续同意体,如图24-1所示。从图上可以看出,制造的过程和系统处在由手工操作到最后实现全面的集成制造的过度状态.。计算机集成的前
20、一步叫做柔性制造。Text&Translation图24-1 制造的连续统一体Text&Translationl柔性是现代制造环境中一个重要的特征。它意味着一个系统用途多且适应性强，同时又能进行较大产量的制造。l柔性制造系统（FMS）是高度自动化的成组工艺加工单元，该系统包括一系列的加工工作站（通常都是计算机数控工具），这些工作站与自动化的材料处理和储存系统相连，该系统之所以称为柔性系统是因为不同的工作站能够同时生产出不同类型的零件，并且根据所需类型的变化能够对零件的种类和产品的数量进行相应的调整。柔性制造系统最合适于中等批量的生产范围。Text&Translationl这些工业技术包括自动化
21、的材料处理、成组技术及计算机和分布式数字控制。一个制造系统要成为柔性制造系统必须具备的要素有：l（1）计算机控制。l（2）自动化材料处理能力。l（3）刀具处理能力。Text&Translationl柔性制造产生于20世纪60年代中期，当时英国莫林斯有限公司开发了24号系统。24号系统是一个真正的FMS。然而，它从一开始就注定是失败的，因为自动化、集成和计算机控制技术还没有发展到能够恰当地支持这一系统的程度。随着复杂计算机的控制技术在20世纪70年代末和80年代初的出现，柔性制造才成为可能。在美国最初的柔性制造系统主要用户是汽车、卡车和拖拉机制造商。Text&Translationl伴随这个转变
22、的主要趋势之一是把基础的单块集成电路的设计和结构转到模块系统关于硬件和软件的模块。另一个全球化的趋势是使柔性制造系统更智能化。这个阶段主要致力于使工作站更智能化。这包含着多种特征的开发和应用，诸如与反馈相连的在线诊断，对目前或初始故障进行自我修正；机床和刀具条件、工作表面位置的过程传感和反馈控制以及车间精度、表面质量等的过程传感和控制。Text&Translationl通过综合几个自动化的制造观念，可以看出，柔性制造系统向全面集成化的制造目标迈出了重要的一步，这些观念是：l（1）独立机床的计算机控制l（2）系统制造的分布式数字控制。l（3）自动化的材料处理系统。l（4）成组技术（零件族）。Te
23、xt&Translationl当这些自动化工艺、机器和观念合成到一个集成的系统时，就产生柔性制造系统。在柔性制造系统中，人和计算机起了重要作用。当然人的劳动量比手工操作的制造系统要小得多。然而，人仍然在柔性制造系统的操作中起着至关重要的作用。人的工作包括以下几个方面：l（1）设备故检、维护和修理。l（2）刀具的变换和装配。l（3）装载和拆卸系统。l（4）数据输入。l（5）零件加工程序的变换。l（6）程序的开发。Text&Translationl柔性制造系统比独立的计算机数控机床具有更大的生产能力和更高的生产效率。它们在柔性方面比不上计算机数控机床，但它们相差不多。柔性制造的中等基础能力的特别优
24、势在于大多数制造要求用中等的生产率来制造中等的产品，同时用足够的柔性快速重组配置来制造另一个零件或产品。柔性制造填补了制造中长期存在的空白。Text&Translationl柔性制造以其基本功能给制造商提供了许多优点：l（1）在一个零件族内具有柔性。l（2）随意进给零件。l（3）同时生产不同的零件。l（4）准备时间以及从产品设计到投产的时间减少了。l（5）机床的使用更有效。l（6）直接和间接的人力成本减少。l（7）能加工不同的材料。l（8）如一台机床出故障能继续进行部分生产。Complex Sentence Analysisl1 This includes development and ap
25、plication of such features as on-line diagnostics combined with feedback to accomplish self-correction of actual or incipient failures,in-process sensing and feedback control of machining and cutting tool conditions and of the location of workpiece surfaces,and in-process sensing and control of work
26、place accuracy,surface quality,etc.这包含着多种特征的开发和应用，诸如与反馈相连的在线诊断，对目前或初始故障进行自我修正；机床和刀具条件、工作表 面位置的过程传感和反馈控制以及车间精度、表面质量等的过程传感和控制。l本句的主干是：This includes development and application of such features，suchas为固定搭配，as后面引起的是features的具体例子.Complex Sentence Analysisl2 What is particularly significant about the midd
27、le ground capabilities of flexible manufacturing is that most manufacturing situations require medium production rates to product medium volumes with enough flexibility to quickly reconfigure to produce another part or product.柔性制造的中等基础能力的特别优势在于大多数制造要求中用中等的生产率来制造中等的产品，同时用足够的柔性快速重组配置类制造另一个零件或产品。l本句中主
28、语为：“What is particularly significant about the middle ground capabilities of flexible manufacturing”，句子为主系表结构，表语为：“most manufacturing situations require medium production rates”后面的不定式“to product medium volumes with enough flexibility to quickly reconfigure to produce another part or product”表示目的.Key
29、 to Exercisesl.Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English.l1.柔性制造 puter-integrated manufacturingl3.单机手控机l4.group technology l5.计算机分布式数控 l6.modular system l7.在线诊断l8.automated materials handling system l9.设备故检l10.lead time Key to Exercisesl.Mark the following statements with True(T)or Fal
30、se(F)according to the text.l1.Fl2.Tl3.Fl4.Fl5.TKey to Exercisesl.Fill in the blanks with the suitable words or phrases given below.l1.production ratesl2.independentl3.particularlyl4.requirel5.reconfigurel6.voidKey to Exercisesl.Translate the Chinese parts given in the brackets into English.l1.a state of transition l2.processing a variety of different part styles simultaneously l3.automated materials handlingl4.With the emergence of sophisticated computer control technology l5.by integrating several automated manufacturing conceptslThe end!
