1、UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSTo get information about how John Snow defeated choleraTo summarize stages of scientific researchTo talk about the significance and contribution of Johns worksafety goggles(护目镜)glass rod(玻璃棒)beaker(烧杯)stand(托架)flask(烧瓶)gauze mat(石棉网)tripod(三脚架)Bunsen burner(本生灯)test tube
2、(试管)test tube rack(试管架)Two young girl students are conducting an experiment in a school chemistry laboratory.To test a theory;To verify results;To collect data;To develop skills needed in a scientific researchWhat qualities do you need to be a scientist?hard workpersistencepassioncouragedevotioncrea
3、tivitypatienceAlbert EinsteinTo raise new questions,new possibilities,to regard old problems from a new angle,requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.-Albert Einstein&Leopold Infeld 提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。Leopold Infeld利奥波德英费尔德 It used to be one o
4、f the most feared diseases in the world.It causes severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.Millions of people in Europe died from it in the early 19th century.He is a British doctor who defeats the cholera He attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.Who?What?JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”R
5、ead the title and predict.约翰约翰斯斯诺诺 n.腹泻n.脱水=seriousPara.1 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,.Read the passage again and find Read the passag
6、e again and find the main the main ideaidea in each in each paragraph on how John Snow defeated King Cholera.paragraph on how John Snow defeated King Cholera.Para.1:Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be overcome.problem/backgroundIn general,doctors in thos
7、e days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct,but he still needed proof.He was determined to find o
8、ut why.Para.2Para.2:John Snow determined to prove the second theory.adj.对立的；不一致的对立的；不一致的同意，同意，赞同赞同theoriesPara.3Para.3:John Snow conducted research to stop the disease.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.the disease was stopped in its tracks.processPara
9、.4Para.4:John Snow found the truth about cholera.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water.the truthPara.5Para.5:J
10、ohn Snow contributed a lot to how to prevent the cholera and how to study diseases.Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the fathe
11、r of modern epidemiology.Snows contributionvt.使改变使改变;使转使转T The main information he main information aboutabout how John Snow defeated King how John Snow defeated King Cholera.Cholera.SummarySummaryPara.1:Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be overcome.Para.
12、2:John Snow determined to prove the second theory.Para.3:John Snow conducted research to stop the disease.Para.4:John Snow found the truth about cholera.Para.5:John Snow contributed a lot to how to prevent the cholera and how to study diseases.problem/backgroundtheoriesprocessthe truthSnows contribu
13、tion_ analyse the results _ ask a question_ draw a conclusion _ collect data _ find a problem _ find supporting evidence_ think of a methodDiscuss the following stages of scientific research in groups.What order would you put them in?5274163n.阶段 Display the Display the answersanswersIn general,docto
14、rs in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.Read paragraph 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages
15、 in order.Para.21st stage:Find a problem.2nd stage:Ask a question.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Stre
16、et)had had no deaths.Read paragraph 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.Para.33rd stage:Think of a method.4th stage:Collect data.5th stage:Analyse the result.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places.What is more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had di
17、ed of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.Read paragraph 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.Para.36th stage:Find supporting evidence.Read paragraph 2 and 3
18、 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.Para.3Snow began by marking on a map the exact places.As a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this
19、 intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.7th stage:Draw a conclusion.v.(水流、空气水流、空气)夹带夹带The sThe stages of scientific tages of scientific research research SummarySummaryThe 1st stage:Find a problem.The 2nd stage:Ask a question.The 3rd stage:Think of a method.The 4th stage:Collect data.The
20、 5th stage:Analyse the result.The 6th stage:Find supporting evidence.The 7th stage:Draw a conclusion.A:It was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.B:Snow_the places where the people who _ had lived C:Many deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water fro
21、m the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.D:The pump water carried _.Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above.Write A-E in the blanks.handleconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesE:The _ of the pump was removed.airfood or watermar
22、ked on adiedwater pumphadntdrinking water from the pumpcholera germsresearch methodRead para 2-3 again and complete the chart below.mapA map of Broad Street-”Cholera A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”Map”What method did Snow use?1)Which houses had more than 4 deaths in Broad Street?2)Which houses h
23、ad no death in Broad Street and Cambridge Street?Multiple deaths happened here.No death happened here.Evidence？Read the map and get to know the research method Read the map and get to know the research method further.further.n.注释，批注注释，批注He suspected that the water from the pump was to blame.Read par
24、agraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.1.What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?2.Was cholera destroyed completely?3.How can we prevent cholera?Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.1.What c
25、aused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?Para.4 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The water which came from the River Thames and had been infected by raw waste.Read
26、paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.2.Was cholera destroyed completely?Para.5 Through Snows tireless efforts,around the world saw a substantial decrease.However,cholera is still a problem.Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera and m
27、any die from it.No.adj.大量的，实质性的大量的，实质性的=massive=considerableRead paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.2.How can we prevent cholera?(1)Prevent the rivers from being polluted.(2)Water companies sell clean water.(3)People have to consume pure or boiled wa
28、ter.(4)Wash our hands often.hard workprecisenesspassionquestioning mindcriticalthinkingcreativitydeterminationWhy was it John Snow,not other Why was it John Snow,not other doctors,who defeated King Cholera?doctors,who defeated King Cholera?scientific methods1.What was the most important tool Snow us
29、ed to defeat cholera?What common medical tools,e.g.a microscope,didnt he use?Why?Para.5 ,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,n.统计数字统计数字=numbers=data1.What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?What common medical tool
30、s,e.g.a microscope,didnt he use?Why?He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred.He didnt use a microscope.He didnt test the water,nor did he draw blood or examine patients.采血采血 The reason was that medical science was not so advanced at that time.Through Snows tireless efforts,wa
31、ter companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,2.How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?2.How has John Snows work aff
32、ected our daily lives?Snows work has provided readily available clean water to drink,for example,as well as an emphasis on hygiene such as the need to wash hands after they become dirty.He also showed how to prevent cholera epidemics,and transformed the way scientists study diseases,which has allowe
33、d for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera.5 Write out the questions according to the answers.1.Q:What _?A:Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.2.Q:Why _?A:Snow had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.3.Q:How _?A:The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.caused cholera according to Snowdid Snow have the handle of the pump removedwas the cholera threat defeated
