1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists His diarrhoea seems severe.The two policies are contradictory.This is a water pump.His job is to handle the problem.What do the sentences have in common in their structures?表语是表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语的，表语常由常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词
2、的-ing-ing形式、副词、形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式介词短语、形容词、不定式和和从句从句等来充当。等来充当。His diarrhoea seems severe.The two policies are contradictory.This is a water pump.His job is to handle the problem.contradictoryTheory one:_caused by bad air Theory two:_caused by germs One theory was that bad air caused the disease.The o
3、ther was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water._主语主语 系动词系动词 表语从句表语从句 表语从句是指_,紧跟在_之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。从句在句子中充当表语从句在句子中充当表语系动词系动词1.状态系动词：be 2.感官系动词：feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell 3.持续系动词：stand,lie,remain,keep,stay4.变化系动词：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,run,fall
4、5.终止系动词：prove,turn out 是.起来保持变得证明是.结果是.可以接表语从句系动词有：表语从句引导词的选择 The fact is _ inevitably she took out her frustrations on her son.Inevitably she took out her frustrations on her son.the factthat表语从句引导词的选择What I can see is _ the police are trained to defend themselves against attacks.The police are tra
5、ined to defend themselves against attacks.what I can seethat表语从句引导词的选择The question is _ they could handle the problem.They could handle the problem.the questionwhether从属连词：that、whether(不能用if)1.My belief is _I will succeed by working hard.2.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _one can be e
6、ntirely free from dust.雨季最令人愉快的事情是完全没有灰尘。3.The problem is _we can find them there.whetherthatthatthat在从句中不做成分，也没有实际意义，但不可省略；whether也不能省略，意思为：是否。表语从句引导词的选择He failed in the exam.Thats _ he felt frustrated.He felt frustrated.He failed in the exam.why表语从句引导词的选择He felt frustrated.Thats _he failed in the
7、exam.He felt frustrated.He failed in the exam.because表语从句引导词的选择The question is _ she can transform her son into a strong-willed boy.She can transform her son into a strong-willed boy.the question ishow表语从句引导词的选择That is _ the jet took off.The jet took off.where表语从句引导词的选择What the authority wants to kn
8、ow is _ the fire broke out.The fire broke out.when连接副词：when、where、why、how1.This is _I dont agree with you.这就是我不同意你的地方。2.The question is _we can get in touch with him.问题是我们怎样才能和他联系上。3.That is _ I got wet through.那就是为什么我被淋湿了。when、where、why、how引导表语从句，在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式。wherehowwhy表语从句引导词的选择The most
9、important thing is _ telescope can find the suitable planet to live in.The telescope can find the suitable planet to live in.whose表语从句引导词的选择What makes us curious is _ led to EDGs achieving fame.EDG achieved fame few days ago.what表语从句引导词的选择Face your fault bravely.whatThis is _ my mother has taught me
10、-to face my fault bravely.表语从句引导词的选择The question is _ was suspected of stealing the money.They suspected someone of stealing the money.who关系代词：who(ever)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)1.You can be _ you want to be.2.The question is _ caused the accident.3.The most important thing is _ responsibility it
11、is.who(ever)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。whoeverwhosewhat表语从句引导词的选择The young man with long hair looks _ he were a girl.as if这个留长发的男生看起来像是个女的。表语从句引导词的选择He looks _ he had seen a ghost.as if他看起来好像见鬼了一样。表语从句引导词的选择Dark clouds are gathering.It seems _ it is going to rain.as if看起来好像要下雨了。注意：
12、as if/as though引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气；如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气。1.It sounds as if someone _ knocking at the door.(与事实相符)2.Tom likes to talk big as if he _ an important person.(对现在的虚拟，用一般过去时，be动词用were)3.He opens his mouth as he _ say something.(对将来的虚拟，用would/could/might+do)4.He talked about Rome as if he _ there.(
13、对过去的虚拟，用had done)iswerewouldhad been主语从句应使用_语序。The question is how we can get in touch with him.The question is how can we get in touch with him.Rule 3陈述句陈述句探寻规律探寻规律1 1：表语从句的语序表语从句的语序that引导表语从句时，是连词，在从句中不作成分；what是连接代词，引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1.The fact is _ we tend to make mistakes when we are nervous
14、.2.This is _ I want to say.3.The trouble is _ she has lost his address.4.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well.thatwhatthatwhat探寻规律探寻规律2 2：that/what that/what 1.I lost the game.The reason was _ I underestimated my competitors.=The reason _ I lost the game was _ I
15、 underestimated my competitors.I lost the game.That was _ I underestimated my competitors.注意：名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，而不用because。探寻规律探寻规律3 3：the reason the reason 作主作主语语thatwhythatbecauseHe is to blame.Thats _he passed a slip of paper in class.=The reason is _.He is to blame.He passed a sli
16、p of paper in class.becausethat在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用should动词原形should可以省略。1.My suggestion is that_ a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这件事，而不应该只是把它放在一边。2.The doctors advice is _more exercise.医生的建议是我们应该多做运动。we(should)havethat we(should)take探寻规律探寻规律4 4：表
17、语从句的虚拟语气表语从句的虚拟语气一“坚持”二“命令”三“建议”四“要求”insistorder/commandsuggest/advise/recommendrequest/require/demand/ask1.The fact was .事实是他没有做真正的努力。2.The question is .问题是这部电影是否值得看。3.she had known Millie for years.看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。4.My advice is as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。Complete the sentences.that h
18、e didnt really trywhether the film is worth seeingIt seemed as though/ifthat you(should)practise speaking English5.Thats .那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。6.The problem is .问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。7.That is .那就是我想让你在这儿工作的原因。8.I was late for school this morning.last night.今天早上我上学迟到了。那是因为我昨晚睡得太晚了。where I first met herwho is really fit for the hard jobwhy I want you to work hereThats because I stayed up too late
