1、In this class,you will1.recognize and summarize the meaning,form and use of the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice;2.use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice to describe a situation that happened in the past.The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant befor
2、e his new cookbook was published.A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.Observe sentencesLook at the two pairs of sentences and pay attention to the meaning and the form of verbs in the sentences.They had finished their dinner by the time Sam
3、 joined them.Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.这位主厨在他的新烹饪书出版之前，就这位主厨在他的新烹饪书出版之前，就已经创办了已经创办了一家从农一家从农场到餐桌的餐馆。场到餐桌的餐馆。等到等到Sam加入他们的时候，他
4、们加入他们的时候，他们已经吃完已经吃完晚餐晚餐了了。Compare the meaningactive A farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.一家从农场到餐桌的餐馆在一家从农场到餐桌的餐馆在这位主厨的新烹饪书出版这位主厨的新烹饪书出版之前就之前就已经已经被被创办了创办了。他们的晚餐在他们的晚餐在Sam加入他们之前就加入他们之前就已经
5、已经被被吃完了吃完了。Compare the meaningpassiveThe past perfect tense is used to tell an activity done before something in the past.So it is used in a background of past.presentfuturepastpast perfectCompare the form The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.They had
6、finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.A farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.The Past Perfect Tense（过去完成时）（过去完成时）had+v-edThe Past Perfect Passive Voice（过去完成时的被动语态）（过去完成时的被动语态）
7、had been+v-ed过去完成时结构：过去完成时结构：had(not)+done过去完成时结构：过去完成时结构：had(not)+been doneFind more sentences using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice from this unit and underline clue words that indicate the time and order of the actions.Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chin
8、ese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.Find more来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.我与家人刚刚抵达刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找了一个好地方吃饭。A Sichuan restaurant had bee
9、n recommended to us by a friend,and finally,we found it.Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.Find more sentences using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice from thi
10、s unit and underline clue words that indicate the time and order of the actions.Find more二、过去完成时的基本用法二、过去完成时的基本用法表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，即“过去的过去”。By the end of last week，they had finished the work.到上周末为止，他们已经完成了工作。He heard that the tickets had already been sold out.他听说票已售完。The newspaper reporte
11、d more than 100 people had been killed in the hurricane.报纸报道说有一百多人在飓风中丧生。【名师点津】【名师点津】过去完成时常常用在宾语从句中，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。She said that she had finished her homework.她说她已完成家庭作业了。三、过去完成时的常用时间状语三、过去完成时的常用时间状语(1)介词或介词短语by，by the end of，by the time of，before后面接过去的时间By the end of last year，we had produc
12、ed 20,000 cars.到去年年底为止，我们已经生产了20 000辆汽车。By the time of 1990，he had been known all over the world.1990年时，他就闻名全世界了。(2)在状语从句中，过去不同时间发生的两个动作时，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。常由when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导。When Jack arrived，he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.当杰克到时，他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。The t
13、rain had left before we reached the station.我们还没到车站，火车就发车了。四、过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用四、过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用(1)在no sooner.than，hardly.when句型中，主句用过去完成时，意为“一就；刚就”。I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。No sooner had he rushed out than the house fell down.他刚冲出去房子就塌了。(2)在it was the
14、first time that.句型中，that从句常用过去完成时。It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.这是他第一次用这样的语调跟我讲话。It was the first time that the meeting had been held in Zhengzhou.这是该会议第一次在郑州召开。(3)某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope，expect，suppose，think，want，wish等。They had wanted to help but c
15、ouldnt get here in time.他们本想帮忙但却没能及时赶到。五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实；而过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”，一定有一个表示过去的参照点。I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.当公交车最终来的时候，我已在车站等了三十分钟。He once worked as a teacher for 5 years，but now he is a successful manager.他曾经做过5年教师，但现
16、在他是一位成功的经理。语法通读下列句子并感知过去完成时的用法。By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston，where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane struck.After they had known each other for many years，Beethoven said，“He is a good composer，but he has taught me nothing.”Before they visited India，they had recorded seven alb
17、ums.By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.Coghlan traveled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas!(1)句采用了过去完成时的主动语态，其构成形式为：_。(2)句采用了过去完成时的被动语态，其构成形式为：_。(3)在所有例句中，过去完成时的动作都发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，即“过去的过去”。主语had done主语had been done【学以致用【学以致用1】完成句子他按照老师
18、的吩咐去做的那件事。He did it as the teacher _.他们说生产成本已经降低了。They said the production costs _.had told himhad been reduced【学以致用【学以致用2】单句语法填空By the end of last year,10,000 trees _(plant)in that village.Her homework _(finish)when I got home.We _(paint)the house before we moved in.We had already had lunch before
19、we _(arrive)there.She _(learn)playing the piano by 10 years old.had been plantedhad not been finishedhad paintedarrivedhad learned【学以致用【学以致用3】完成句子这是他那年第三次失业了。It was the third time that he _ that year.我原本计划今年夏天修法语课程的，但后来计划改变了。I _ to take a French course this summer，but I changed the plan later.我一到车站，
20、车就开了。Hardly _ when the bus started.had been out of workhad plannedhad I got to the bus stop【学以致用【学以致用4】单句语法填空His village _(flood)in the heavy rain，so he moved to his parents house.He is a professor of Shandong University.He _(stay)in America for 4 years.The man said that he _(write)about 300 pieces
21、of music.The three of us _(travel)around Europe for about a month last summer.had been floodedstayedhad writtentravelled.单句语法填空单句语法填空1At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement _(reach)2By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _(complete)in Beijing.3Experiments of this kind _(
22、conduct)in both the US.and Europe long before the Second World War.4John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _(damage)seriously.had been reachedhad been completedhad been conductedhad been damaged5He said that he _(show)around Paris.6When they got there，the famous singer _(leave)7It
23、was the first time that he _(meet)so strange a kind of car.8The new bridge _(design)by the end of last month.9Our friendship _(develop)quickly over the weeks that followed.10She _(be)here only for ten minutes when Jim came in.had been shownhad lefthad methad been designeddevelopedhad been.完成句子完成句子1H
24、is newly written novel _ by the end of last month.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。2How many buildings _ when the hurricane ended?飓风结束的时候，有多少建筑物被毁坏了？3This job proved to be much more difficult than the one I _ before.这项工作被证明比以前我做的工作要难得多。had been translated into Englishhad been destroyedhad been offered4She told m
25、e that _ five years before.她告诉我她五年前在那儿住过。5He _ before he moved into the city.在来这个城市之前，他已经在农村生活了20年。6I _ last night，but I didnt catch the train.我本希望昨晚回来的，但没赶上火车。7It was the third time that she _ to see the children.这是她第三次来到这个山村看望这些孩子了。she had lived therehad lived in the countryside for 20 yearshad ho
26、ped to be backhad come to this mountain village8No sooner _ he was surrounded by the excited workers.他刚一结束讲话就被兴奋的工人们围了起来。had he finished his talk than.语法填空语法填空Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1._，through agriculture.Over thousands of years，
27、they began to depend less on 2._ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person 3._ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children.And，as more children were born，more food 4._(need)Agricult
28、ure gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5._(change)lives.By about 6,000 BC，people 6._(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.Later，they learned to work with the 7._(season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，8._(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌
29、溉)their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with 9._ rise of science，changes began.New methods 10._(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transfor
30、med a way of life that started in the Stone Age.【语篇解读】【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了人类农耕方式的发展历程。随着科学技术的发展，人类获取食物的方式逐渐由原始的打猎转变为农耕，耕种方式又由原始的单纯依靠自然的方式发展为用机器和化肥进行农业耕种等。1in考查介词。句意为：公元前一万年后的一段时间，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。由分析句子结构可知，they lived _ 为定语从句，修饰先行词world，且关系代词that/which在从句中作lived _ 的宾语，在此处被省略；live为不及物动词，而live in.意为“居
31、住在”，为固定用法，其后可接宾语，故填in。2what考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，从句作介词on的宾语，且从句中缺少主语，表示“的东西”，应用what引导宾语从句。故填what。3than考查介词。句意为：通过农业生产的人均粮食产量比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高，因此人们能够养育更多的孩子。根据设空前的more可知，此处表示比较含义，设空处应填比较级的标志词，故填than。4was needed考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为：随着更多的孩子出生，更多的食物被需要。分析句子结构可知，前面的as more children were born为as引导的时间状语从
32、句，设空处所在分句为主句部分，设空处为主句的谓语部分；根据were born可知，此处叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，且从句主语more food与need之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态；food意为“食物”，在此处为不可数名词，谓语部分应用第三人称单数形式，故填was needed。5to change考查非谓语动词。句意为：农业使人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。分析句子结构可知，本句中已有谓语动词gave，设空处与其之间无连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语形式；结合句意可知，此处为后置定语，修饰power，该词后常用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to change。6had discovered考
33、查动词的时态。句意为：直到大约公元前6,000年，人们已经发现了最适合耕种的作物和最适合饲养的牲畜。根据时间状语By about 6,000 BC可知，此处表示在过去的某一时间已经完成的动作，应用过去完成时，故填had discovered。7seasons考查名词单复数。句意为：随后，他们学会了随着季节(的变化)劳作，在适宜的时间种植，在干旱地区，(他们)利用每年的洪水灌溉农田。season在此处意为“季节”，为可数名词，结合常识可知，此处表示不止一个季节，应用复数形式，故填seasons。8making考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语learned，设空处与
34、planting为and连接的并列成分，应用非谓语动词形式作状语，且they与make之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式，故填making。9the考查冠词。句意为：然后，随着科学的兴起，变化开始了。根据句意可知，此处指科学的兴起，表示特指，故填the。10meant考查动词的时态。句意为：新的方法意味着从事农业的人变得更少。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语；根据其后的宾语从句中的worked的时态可知，此处陈述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填meant。Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the wo
35、rds in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice.Practice IHadtastedhad been toldarrivedhad finished（苏格兰）羊杂碎肚（苏格兰）羊杂碎肚had just eaten haggis!haggisHadbeen cancelledhad gotPractice IIRead the situations and rewrite the sentences using the given words.EXAMPLE He couldnt tak
36、e out his card.He called the bank about the broken ATM.(swallow)The ATM had swallowed his card./His card had been swallowed by the ATM.Work in pairs.Choose one of these three situations,and make as many sentences as you can using the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice.Then make a
37、conversation using these sentences.Practice IIIKeys:.I had drunk too much soda pop.I had eaten too much cake.we had been given many samples.I had been made very sick.Keys:.the insects had all escaped.the insects had scattered everywhere in the room.the insects had all been collected in a bottle.the
38、insects had been fried up for eating.Sample ConversationA:So,how did the insect party go?B:Oh,it was horrible!A:Why?What happened?B:Well,by the time I got there,the insects had all escaped and they had scattered everywhere in the room!A:Oh,no!So what did you do?B:We chased the insects down and befor
39、e long they had all been collected in a bottle.A:Then you cooked them?B:Yes,before long,they had been fried up for eating.But then we had another a big problem.A:What?B:Well,after we had rounded up all the insects,we were all so tired and disgusted with handling them that no one wanted to eat them.A
40、:So much for the insect party!B:But it had a happy ending.We ordered out for pizza and then sat down and watched a cool movie on the computer.A:Sounds great!HomeworkWriting:describe a dining out experience you had Write a paragraph of 6-8 sentences about your experience and use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice appropriately.
