1、Unit 5 First AidLearning About Language动词动词ing形式形式Discover useful structures1.As you can imagine,getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.2.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.3.Its best to place burns under cool running water,especially within the
2、first ten minutes.4.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary,unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.5.You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.指出下列动词-ing形式在句子中分别作什么成分。作宾语作宾语作主语作主语作表语作表语作定语作定语作状语作状语；作宾语补足语；作宾语补足语Discover useful structures动词-ing形式动词-in
3、g形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词-ing形式的时态和语态如下：语态语态时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been doneDiscover useful structures动词-ing形式动词-ing形式的功能总结动词动词-ing形式形式主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语宾补宾补状语状语动名词动名词（doing）现在分词现在分词（doing）Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、
4、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Wasting a persons time is the same as killing him for his property.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语(1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。To lie to her is wrong.对她撒谎不对。(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Climbing mountai
5、ns is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。注意：注意：动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语(1)常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有：避免错过少延期（avoid,miss,postpone）建议完成多练习（advise/suggest,finish,practise）喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy,imagine,cant help）承认否定与嫉妒（admit,deny,envy）逃避冒险莫原谅（escape,risk,excuse）忍受保持不介意（stand,keep,min
6、d）动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语 Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？I dont like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。例句例句动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语(2)常见的
7、跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on,object to,be good at,be fond of,lead to,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,devote.to,get/be used to,pay attention to,be worth等。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语(3)在有些动词的后面（如start，begin，continu
8、e等）既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。(4)有些动词（短语）后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语宾语的形式宾语的形式意义意义宾语的形式宾语的形式意义意义forget to do忘记做regret to do遗憾/抱歉要做forget doing忘记做过regret doing后悔做了remember
9、 to do记着要去做try to do尽力做remember doing记得做过try doing尝试做动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语宾语的形式宾语的形式意义意义mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着go on to do接着做（另外一件事）go on doing接着做（同一件事）stop to do停下来去做stop doing停止做Please remember to give my best regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。I still remember
10、 visiting the museum for the first time.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。例句例句动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语(5)下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doing need/want/require/deserve to be done The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。动词-ing形式Discover useful str
11、uctures 动词动词-ing形式作表语形式作表语作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。(1)现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。这类分词有“令人的”的含义，常修饰物。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作表语形式作表语 The ar
12、gument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。例句例句不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词-ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。注意注意动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作表语形式作表语(2)动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as
13、 possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作定语形式作定语动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。(1)动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。(2)现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作
14、，相当于一个定语从句。The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作形式作定定语语现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。You should
15、 adapt to the changing situation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。The ground is covered with fallen leaves.地上满是落叶。Im looking for a room to live in.我正在找房子住。注意：注意：动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词（短语），常见的有see，hear，feel，smell
16、，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to。其结构是：动词 sb.doing sth.(作宾补)。I felt somebody standing behind me.我感觉有人站在我后面。I saw the little boy crying there.我看到小男孩在那儿哭。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语(2)表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等。其结构是：动词 sb./sth.doing sth.(作宾补)。We kept
17、the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让一直做某事”；接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。Be careful,or youll have your hands hurt.当心，否则你会弄伤手的。
18、注意：注意：动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语(3)用于with复合结构中。I couldnt do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。With so many people looking at her,she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 现在分词现在分词作状语作状语现在分词（短语）在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、
19、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。(1)作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。Walking in the park,she saw an old friend.When/While(she was)walking in the park,she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 现在分词现在分词作状语作状语(2)作原因状语，一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句。Bein
20、g ill,he couldnt go to school.As he was ill,he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他无法去上学。(3)作条件状语，一般放在句首，可转换成由if，unless等连词引导的条件状语从句。Working hard,youll make great progress.If you work hard,youll make great progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 现在分词现在分词作状语作状语(4)作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中
21、间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing more patients to be treated.这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：He was caught in t
22、he rain,thus making himself catch a cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。注意：注意：动词-ing形式 现在分词现在分词作状语作状语Discover useful structures 现在分词现在分词作状语作状语(5)作让步、方式和伴随状语 现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the class
23、room,reading a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 现在分词现在分词作状语作状语(1)为强调动词-ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when，while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before，after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上though/although，强调让步等。Though knowing all this,they made m
24、e pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having finished the letter,he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。（having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的）注意：注意：动词-ing形式Discover useful structures 现在分词现在分词作状语作状语(3)动词-ing形式的否定式：not v.-ing；not having v.-edNot knowing this,he didnt come.他不知
25、道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations,we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。(4)有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from.“从来判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour,he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是
26、疯了。注意：注意：动词-ing形式动词-ing形式练习用动词用动词-ing形式改写下列句子：形式改写下列句子：1.When he got out of the bathtub,he slipped and fell on the floor.2.Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week?3.She had been told about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very careful while usin
27、g hairdryers.When getting out of the bathtub,he slipped and fell on the floor.Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week?Having been told about the risk of electric shocks,she was very careful while using hairdryers.动词-ing形式练习用动词用动词-ing形式改写下列句子：形式改写下列句子：4.Because the child w
28、as not watched carefully by his parents,he touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.5.After she had been bitten by mosquitoes,she applied some medicine to her skin.Not being watched carefully by his parents,the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.After being/having been bitten by mosquitoes
29、,she applied some medicine to her skin.动词-ing形式练习用用所给单词的正确形式填空所给单词的正确形式填空：Mrs Taylor was an elderly woman _(live)alone.One day,she was in her living room cleaning the windows,when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body._(try)to walk to her sofa to sit down,she fell over onto th
30、e carpet.Then she realised that she could not get up,and that she was having trouble _(breathe).Fortunately,she had her mobile phone with her,and she was able to reach it with her left hand while _(lie)on the floor.Her mobile phone _(already,set up)to call an emergency number at the push of a button
31、,so it was easy to call for help.livingTryingbreathinglyingwas already set up动词-ing形式练习While attempting to talk to the operator,Mrs Taylor discovered that she could not speak._(not,hear)an answer,the operator knew that Mrs Taylor must be in trouble.Telling Mrs Taylor that everything would be OK,she
32、immediately sent an ambulance.After _(arrive),the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen,put in an needle,and checked her vital signs._(take)to the hospital and treated immediately,Mrs Taylors health was in no great danger,though she had to stay in the hospital war
33、d.After a week,her _(frighten)experience was over,and she was allowed to go home.Not hearingarrivingHaving been takenfrightening1 What should people do when facing a frightening experience like Mrs Taylors?2 What are some risks that elderly people may encounter when living alone?3 What can we do to
34、help prevent elderly people from taking unnecessary risks?When having a frightening experience like Mrs Taylors,people should try to get help,like she did.When living alone,elderly people may fall or get injured,and not be able to help themselves or even call for help.To help prevent elderly people from taking unnecessary risks,we should make sure that their homes are easy to get around in,with handrails,ramps instead of stairs,and even walking surfaces.Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.Assignment
