1、空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题P3Grammar and usageFind to-infinitives动词不定式动词不定式 and figure out their functions功能功能.Lead-in He has a difficult problem to deal with.He was the first one to arrive.George returned after the war,only to be told that his wife had left him.定语，动宾关系定语，动宾关系定语，主谓关系定语，主谓关系结果状语，且是意料结果状语，且是意料之外的
2、结果之外的结果动词不定式作定语的四种情况To-infinitives as attributives 1.当修饰的词是一些抽象名词，例如ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）2.当修饰的名词前有the only,the next,the best,the first,the last,以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语的四种情况To-infin
3、itives as attributives 3.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything 等不定代词时。4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。动词不定式作定语的三种关系To-infinitives as attributives 1.We must find a person to do the work.2.There are lots of interesting things to see.3.The medical teams got the order to leave Wuhan when the epidemic was contained.主谓关系主谓关
4、系 sb do sb do动宾关系动宾关系 do sth do sth同位关系同位关系动词不定式作定语的位置与关系动词不定式作定语的位置与关系1.1.通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作后置定语后置定语2.2.与所修饰的名词构成与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系动词不定式作结果状语To-infinitives as adverbials of result1.动词不定式表示结果时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn,find,see,hear,to be told,make,turn out to
5、be等具有界限含义的动词。2.不定式常与only,enough或too连用，用于“too.to”，“enough to.”，“only to do”句型中。表示出乎意料的结果 The bird singing in the tree is beautiful.Her parents died,leaving him an orphan孤儿.I felt somebody standing behind me.Find verb-ing forms and figure out their functions.Lead-in 定语，正在进行的动作定语，正在进行的动作结果状语结果状语宾语补足语宾语
6、补足语单个动词的-ing形式作定语，位于被修饰 名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或 功能,也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。例：例：building materials=materials for building 建筑材料drinking water=water for drinking 饮用水a walking stick=a stick for walking 手杖1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一 个过程或一种状态。例：When we returned to the school,we found astranger standin
7、g at the entrance.当我们回到学校时当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在发现一个陌生人站在大大门口。门口。All the broken windows have been repaired.Inspired by Mr Chens speech,they decided to study science harder.I heard my name called in the street.Find verb-ed forms and figure out their functions.Lead-in Verb-ed forms as attributives,adverbi
8、als and object complements Who is this man?What is his great discovery?Alexander Fleming,(born August 6,1881died March 11,1955,London,England),Scottish bacteriologist苏格兰细菌学家苏格兰细菌学家 best known for his discovery of penicillin青霉素青霉素.Henry is reading a science magazine article about a world-changing dis
9、covery made by accident.Read through the article and fill in the following table.Tu YouyouAlexander FlemingNationalityDiscoveryTime of discovery Use of discoveryEffect of discovery PrizeChineseScottishQinghaosuPenicillin19721928Treat malariaTreat wounds/kill bacteriaBenefited millions of patientsSav
10、ed millions of lifeNobel Prize,2015Nobel Prize,1945A Exploring the rulesHenry is reading a science magazine article about a world-changing discovery.偶然地，意外地偶然地，意外地远非，几乎相反远非，几乎相反霉菌霉菌Useful expressions:l unlikely source不太可能的来源不太可能的来源l be widely considered to be被广泛认为是被广泛认为是l plate 板块；碟子；车牌板块；碟子；车牌l He
11、is aware that.l indicate表明，标示；象征，指示，指出；表明，标示；象征，指示，指出；Useful expressions:l catch the attention of引起引起的注意的注意l mass production大量生产大量生产l by accident 偶然偶然l far from the truth 与事实相去甚远与事实相去甚远l Fotune favours the prepared mind.运气总是青睐有准备的人。运气总是青睐有准备的人。Find verb-ed forms in the article and fill in the table
12、below.The first one has been done for you.We should know the difference between verb-ed and the past form in the past tense.Verb-ed form as an attributivesomething produced by the mouldVerb-ed form as an adverbialVerb-ed form as an object complementSurprised by this,Fleming performed some tests.get
13、its mass production startedthe prepared mind谓语谓语非谓语非谓语谓语谓语非谓语非谓语谓语谓语非谓语非谓语The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.What can you find out from the example sentences?谓语谓语非谓语非谓语作定语修饰作定语修饰something,something与与produced之间为被动关系之间为被动关系Surprised by this,Fleming perfo
14、rmed some tests.谓语谓语非谓语非谓语过去分词做状语，描述主语状态过去分词做状语，描述主语状态.his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.谓语谓语非谓语非谓语help(to)do.宾语与宾补为被动关系宾语与宾补为被动关系作定语修饰作定语修饰mind,mind与与prepared之之间为被动关系间为被动关系Fortune favours the prepared mind.谓语谓语非谓语非谓语Working out the rules The verb-ed form can be
15、used like an adjective or an adverb,indicating a(n)(1)_(active/passive)meaning.The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun.It modifies the noun like a(n)(2)_(relative clause/adverbial clause).The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement.passiverelative clauseFocus on F
16、ocus on 基本用法基本用法 forms as attributives1.单个单个V-ed作定语作定语a.及物动词及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语,一般兼有一般兼有被动被动和和完成完成的意义。的意义。b.不及物动词不及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语,有有主动主动和和已经发生已经发生意义。意义。a grown woman 一位成年妇女一位成年妇女 fallen leaves 落叶落叶 a broken cup 一个破杯子一个破杯子 a wounded soldier 一名伤员一名伤员单个单个V-ed作定语，作定语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-e
17、d，在，在习惯上习惯上或或因为受到因为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。1.He has spent all the money donated.2.This will be the best novel of its kind written.3.Who were the so-called guests invited?4.She always ate the food left.1.被修饰词前有被修饰词前有all,every等表等表“全部全部”概念的词修饰时；概念的词修饰时；2.被修饰词前有被修饰词前有最高级最高级；3.被修饰语被修饰语过长过长或有或有其他定语
18、其他定语；4.习惯上习惯上作后置定语的作后置定语的V-ed(如如left“剩下的剩下的”)他花光了他花光了所有所有捐赠的捐赠的钱。钱。这将是这类小说中这将是这类小说中写得写得最好的最好的。昨晚昨晚被邀请被邀请那些那些所谓的客人所谓的客人是谁呀是谁呀?她总吃她总吃剩剩饭。饭。a.the color TV set produced last year =the color TV set that was produced last year b.a letter written to me by my daughter=a letter that was written to me by my d
19、aughter 一封我女儿写给我的信一封我女儿写给我的信去年生产的彩色电视机去年生产的彩色电视机 2.V-ed短语作定语短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句定语从句。3.V-ed有时还可用作有时还可用作非限制性定语非限制性定语，相当于一个，相当于一个非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，前，前后用逗号分开。后用逗号分开。a.The houses,built last year,were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.=The houses,which were built last year,were destroyed by
20、 the earthquake yesterday.去年建的去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。b.Some of them,born and brought up in rural villages,had never seen a train.=Some of them,who were born and brought up in rural villages,had never seen a train.他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。1.There was an _(excite)look on hi
21、s face when the actress appeared.2.Its wrong for the _(develop)countries to control the world.3.I have collected all the money _(need).4.This is the problem _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday.5.The _(surprise)look on his face suggested that he had not expected so.excited developed needed discussed s
22、urprisedFocus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法 forms as adverbials 1.Asked what had happened,he kept silent.2.Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.3.He listened to the heros true story,moved to tears.4.Given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.5.Left alone at home,the little boy didnt feel af
23、raid at all.6.An old man was crossing the street,supported by his son.7.The teacher entered the classroom,followed by some students.时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件让步让步伴随伴随1.动词动词-ed形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让步让步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并列句并列句。方式方式1.When he was asked what had happened,he kept s
24、ilent.2.Because he was caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.3.He listened to the heros true story,and he was moved to tears.4.If we were given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.5.Although he was left alone at home,the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.6.An old man was crossing
25、 the street,and he was supported by his son.7.The teacher entered the classroom,and he was followed by some students.V-ed充当状语时，其充当状语时，其逻辑主语逻辑主语必须必须与句子的主语一致与句子的主语一致。Change the sentences into complete ones.1.When heated,ice will be changed into water.2.Unless invited,I wont attend his wedding.3.Once c
26、aught smoking in the kitchen,the cook will be fired.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.Unless I am invited,I wont attend his wedding.Once the cook is caught smoking in the kitchen,he will be fired.V-ed作状语有时可保作状语有时可保留留连词连词，构成，构成“连词连词+V-ed”结构，即结构，即:while,when,once,as,though,unless,if 等连等
27、连词词)+V-ed。Rewrite the following sentences,verb-ed forms as adverbials.1.He was buried in an ocean of loneliness and felt left out.Buried in an ocean of loneliness,he felt left out.2.As she was given advice by the famous detective,the girl was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective,the
28、 girl was no longer afraid.3.Even if he was laughed at by many people,he continued his research.Laughed at by many people,he continued his research.Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法 forms as object complements 1.表示表示感观、感觉和发觉感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：的动词。如：watch,observe,see,hear,listen to,feel,notice,find等。等。When we go
29、t to school,we saw the door locked.He found his house broken into when he got back home.V-ed作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况：作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况：当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。回到家他发现家被盗。回到家他发现家被盗。Youd better keep the guests seated.Were having our car repaired.Im trying to get this article finished for Thursday.She had
30、to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.2.表示表示“致使致使”意义的动词。意义的动词。如：如：have,make,get,keep等。等。3.表示表示“希望、愿望、命令希望、愿望、命令”意义的动词。意义的动词。如：如：want,expect,would like,wish,order等。等。The teacher wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。I want the suit made to hi
31、s own measure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。4.在在with的复合结构中的复合结构中也可用也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。等状语。The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.With water heated,we can see the steam.With the matter settled,we all went home.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背
32、后。凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式表方式)水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件表条件)事情得到解决，我们都回家了。事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因表原因)Fill in the blanks,using the correct verb forms.1.I watched him _(step)off the pavement and _(disappear)into the post office.2.The hall was too noisy for the speaker to make himself _(hear).3.We f
33、ound all the rivers seriously _(pollute).4.Alice got her bad tooth _(pull out)in the hospital.step polluteddisappear pulled outPractice heard【拓展拓展】表语表语动词动词-ed形式作表语时通常用来表示主语的感受或所处的形式作表语时通常用来表示主语的感受或所处的状态。状态。eg He was very excited when he heard the news.After a time I grew dissatisfied with the work.1
34、.动词动词-ed形式形式作定语作定语：单个单个V-ed作定语作定语，常放在被修饰词，常放在被修饰词之前之前(left 除外除外)，V-ed短短语语作定语时要放在被修饰词作定语时要放在被修饰词之后之后。a.及物动词及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语,一般兼有一般兼有 _和和_的意的意义。义。b.不及物动词不及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语,有有_和和_意义。意义。被动被动完成完成已经发生已经发生主动主动 V-ed可充当可充当_、_、_、_、_状语；状语；其逻辑主语必须与其逻辑主语必须与 _保持一致；保持一致；_+V-ed作状语；作状语；原因原因时间时间让步让步条件条件伴随或方式伴随或方式句子的主语句子的主语连词连词2.动词动词-ed形式形式作状语作状语：3.动词动词-ed形式形式作宾语补足语作宾语补足语：表示表示_的动词。的动词。表示表示_意义的动词。意义的动词。表示表示_意义的动词。意义的动词。with的复合结构的复合结构。感观、感觉和发觉感观、感觉和发觉“致使致使”“希望、愿望、命令希望、愿望、命令”4.表语表语 动词动词-ed形式作表语时通常用来表示主语的形式作表语时通常用来表示主语的_或或_。感受感受所处的状态所处的状态
