1、Financial EnglishTopic OneIntroductionIntroduction ContentsChapter 1 MoneyChapter 2 Financial SystemChapter 3 Financial InstitutionsChapter OneMoney Learning ObjectivesThe Definition of Money Functions of MoneyTypes of moneyMoney Supply(Money Level)Money CreationChapter One Money Chapter One Money 1
2、.1 The Definition of MoneyDiscussion:What is money?American oil billionaire J.Paul Getty(1892-1976)has a very famous saying,that is,“If you can actually count your money,then you are not really a rich man.”The Definition of Money:Economists define the term of money as a sort of assets with special a
3、ttributes,which is widely used and socially acceptable as a means of payment for goods,services,or resources and debt obligations in a certain economic systemChapter One Money Chapter One Money 1.1 The Definition of Money货币的定义：经济学家定义货币为：货币是一种具有特殊属性的资产，是在特定的经济体系中被广泛使用并为社会所接受的一种支付手段，可以用来支付商品，服务，资源，和债务
4、。Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.2 Functions of MoneyDiscussion:What are the functions of money?A Medium of ExchangeA Unit of AccountStore of ValueStandard of Deferred PaymentChapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.2 Functions of Money1.A Medium of Exchange（交换媒介）The most important function of money
5、Money used to trade goods and services and to connect the process of selling and buying realizes its function as a medium of exchange barter system（物物交换制，易货制）double coincidence of wants（双重需求偶合）Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.2 Functions of Money2.2.A Unit of Account A Unit of Account（价值尺度）（价值尺度）
6、DefinitionDefinition:Money also serves as a unit of account,in terms of which the value of all goods and services is measured and expressed.This function can be used to value goods and services,record debts,and make calculations.In other words,its a measurement for value.Why money as a unit of accou
7、nt is important?Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.2 Functions of Money2.2.价值尺度价值尺度货币也具有价值尺度的职能。依据此职能，所有商品和服务的价值都能够被衡量和表达。Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.2 Functions of Money3.Store of Value（价值储藏手段）DefinitionDefinition:Store of value refers to any form of commodity,asset,or money that has value
8、 and can be stored and retrieved（恢复）over time.The function of money as a store of value has become not that important as before.Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.2 Functions of Money4.Standard of Deferred Payment（延期支付的标准）DefinitionDefinition:An accepted measure that enables contracts or agreements
9、 to be written for future receipts and payments is called a standard of deferred payment.raise mortgage,overdrafts on hire purchase or against credit cardsChapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.2 Functions of Money4.延期支付的标准定义：延期支付标准指的是一种定义：延期支付标准指的是一种公认的衡量标准，此标准可以使得合同或协议编写未来收支。Chapter One MoneyChapter
10、One Money1.3 Types of MoneyFour Types of MoneyCommodity MoneyConvertible Paper MoneyFiat MoneyNew Types of MoneyChapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.3 Types of MoneyFour Types of Money1.Commodity Money 1.Commodity Money（商品货币）（商品货币）Definition:Definition:Commodity money is a form of money that has an i
11、ntrinsic value,meaning it is worth something in its own right rather than simply being a token of financial value such as a banknote.Questions:Questions:uWhat is the best known form of commodity money?uWhy must something that serves as commodity money have value in itself?uWhat are the advantages an
12、d disadvantages of commodity money?Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.3 Types of MoneyFour Types of Money1.1.商品货币商品货币商品货币是一种货币形式，具有内在价值,这意味着它本身是有价值的,而并非像钞票那样，仅仅是一个财务价值的象征。Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.3 Types of MoneyFour Types of Money2.Convertible Paper Money 2.Convertible Paper Money（可兑换纸币
13、）（可兑换纸币）The history of paper money in China,Europe,and AmericaThe history of paper money in China,Europe,and AmericaThe mark of gold certificateIn cold coin payable to the bearer on demand（1928）Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.3 Types of MoneyFour Types of Money3.Fiat Money3.Fiat Money（不可兑换的纸币（不可
14、兑换的纸币&法定货币）法定货币）DefinitionDefinition：Fiat money is money without interior value.The description of“Gold Certificate”on paper money has been replaced by“Federal Reserve Note”.“Federal Reserve Note”is only a sign of the governments authorityChapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.3 Types of MoneyFour Type
15、s of Money4.New Types of Money4.New Types of Moneyustore-value cards and e-moneyuAlipay accountucredit cardsChapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.4 Money Supply&Money Level 1.4 Money Supply&Money Level money supplymoney supplyDefinition:Definition:Money supply,also called money stock,refers to the ent
16、ire stock of currency and other liquid financial products in a countrys economy at a particular time.money levelmoney levelDefinition:Definition:Money level,viewed as measures of money supply,refers to various types of money and is generally classified as“Ms”such as M0,M1,M2 and M3.Chapter One Money
17、Chapter One Money1.4 Money Supply&Money Level 1.4 Money Supply&Money Level 货币供应量货币供应量货币供应量，也称为货币供应量，也称为货币存量,指的是在特定时间一国经济的货币和流动金融产品的存量。货币层次（资金水平）货币层次（资金水平）货币层次，也被看作是货币供应量的层次，货币层次，也被看作是货币供应量的层次，指的是各种类型的货币，通常被归结为Ms,例如 M0,M1,M2 和M3。Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.4 Money Supply&Money Level 1.4 Money
18、 Supply&Money Level M0,M0,the narrowest definition of money supply,only includes hard currency（硬通货）in circulation.M1,M1,a very common definition of money supply,contains plus travelers checks,demand deposit account balances（活期存款账户余额）and certain other checkable deposits（支票存款）.Chapter One MoneyChapter
19、 One Money1.4 Money Supply&Money Level 1.4 Money Supply&Money Level M2M2 includes M1,plus all savings accounts deposits（储蓄账户存款）and CDs(certificate of deposit)（存款单）,small time deposits（小额定期存款）(less than$100,000)and retail money market mutual funds（散户持有的货币市场共同基金）.M3 M3 contained M2,plus large time dep
20、osits（大额定期存款）,institutional money market deposits（货币市场中的机构资金）and other large,relatively liquid assets（相对流动资产）.Discussion:Discussion:Why is studying money supply important?Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.5 Money Creation1.5 Money CreationDefinition:Definition:Money creation refers to the process
21、of enlarging the money supply in a country.The functionThe function of money creation is making the money supply grow over time,which can make funds available for people when they need them.Chapter One MoneyChapter One Money1.5 Money Creation1.5 Money CreationWays to grow the money supply:print mone
22、ymake monetary policymakers acquire assets,exchanging money for them and getting more money into circulationimplement the fractional reserve banking system（部分准备金银行制度）in most nations multiplier effect（乘数效应）reserve requirements（法定准备金）Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial SystemLearning Objec
23、tivesLearning ObjectivesHow does financial system operate?Financial and economic activitiesRisks in the financial systemSupervision on financial systemChapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System1.How does Financial System Operate?1.How does Financial System Operate?Definition of financial
24、 systemDefinition of financial systemFinancial system is a set of components（成份，组件）and mechanisms（机制）that allows economic transactions to occur.Financial system acts as an intermediary（媒介）in the development of an economy.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System1.How does Financial Syst
25、em Operate?1.How does Financial System Operate?Functions Functions in the growth process of an economy1.Payment Function2.Saving Function 3.Liquidity Function4.Risk Prevention&Control Function5.Policy-leading FunctionChapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System1.How does Financial System O
26、perate?1.How does Financial System Operate?Functions Functions in the growth process of an economy1.Payment Function（支付功能）Financial system provides a very convenient（方便的）way of purchasing（购买）goods and services.Credit card system,cheque system,etc are the easiest means of payments,which considerably（
27、大大地）reduce the cost and time of transactions.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System1.How does Financial System Operate?1.How does Financial System Operate?Functions Functions in the growth process of an economy2.Saving Function（存储功能）Public savings find their way into the hands of pro
28、ducers through the financial system.The producers use the funds to produce goods and services thus increasing society living standards（社会生活水平）.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System1.How does Financial System Operate?1.How does Financial System Operate?Functions Functions in the grow
29、th process of an economy3.Liquidity Function（流动功能）Liquidity refers to the ease（轻松）and speed with which savings in non-monetary form can be turned into cash,and reflects both the maturities（成熟，完备）of financial instruments and their marketability（市场性）.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial Sys
30、tem1.How does Financial System Operate?1.How does Financial System Operate?Functions Functions in the growth process of an economy4.Risk Prevention&Control Function（风险防控功能）The financial markets provide protection against life,health and income risks,which are accomplished（完成）through the sale of life
31、 and health insurance and property insurance policies（保单）.The financial markets provide immense opportunities for the investors to hedge（防备，尤指金钱损失)themselves against or reduce the possible risks involved in various investments.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System1.How does Financia
32、l System Operate?1.How does Financial System Operate?Functions Functions in the growth process of an economy5.Policy-leading Function（政策导向功能）The government intervenes in（干预）the financial system to influence macroeconomic variables（宏观经济变量）like interest rate or inflation.Government would cut rate of i
33、nterest through various financial instruments if country needs more money.Government would increase rate of interest if inflation is high and too much money is there in the system.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System2.2 Financial and Economic Activities2.2 Financial and Economic Ac
34、tivitiesThe development process of financeThe development process of financeCapital separated from commodity circulation and finance began to gain its real significance.Financial instruments gradually developed from a single form of currency into a form of coexistence（并存）.Finance has consequently（结果
35、）developed into a comparatively（比较地）independent element.Financial institutions mainly dealing with financial transactions,and financial markets mainly dealing with financial activities.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System2.2 Financial and Economic Activities2.2 Financial and Econom
36、ic ActivitiesThe relationship between finance and economic activities.The relationship between finance and economic activities.1.Finance promotes the development of economic activities.(1)Finance can promote the growth of savings and investment,thus provide capital support for the development of eco
37、nomic activities.(2)The development of finance realizes the rational（合理的）flow of funds,optimizes resources allocation（优化资源配置）and improves the efficiency of capita l资本效能）.(3)Financial system can lower the cost of supervision（监管）and improve the supervision for funds users.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinanci
38、al SystemFinancial System2.2 Financial and Economic Activities2.2 Financial and Economic ActivitiesThe relationship between finance and economic activities.The relationship between finance and economic activities.1.Finance promotes the development of economic activities.(4)Finance provides amounts o
39、f employment opportunities,speeds the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into realistic productivity,and promotes the development of economic globalization.金融提供大量就业机会，加速科技成果向现实生产力的转化，促进经济全球化的发展。Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System2.2 Financial and Economic
40、Activities2.2 Financial and Economic ActivitiesThe relationship between finance and economic activities.The relationship between finance and economic activities.2.Finance also has negative effects on economic activities.(1)The uncertainty（不确定性）of financial activities makes financial risks exist obje
41、ctively（客观地）in economic activities.As long as uncertainty exists,risks exist.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System2.2 Financial and Economic Activities2.2 Financial and Economic ActivitiesThe relationship between finance and economic activities.The relationship between finance and e
42、conomic activities.2.Finance also has negative effects on economic activities.(2)Wide permeability（渗透性）and diffusion（扩散性）of finance on economic operation（经济运行）make the financial risks have a strong infectivity（传染性）Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System2.2 Financial and Economic Activ
43、ities2.2 Financial and Economic ActivitiesThe relationship between finance and economic activities.The relationship between finance and economic activities.2.Finance also has negative effects on economic activities.(3)The highly fluidity of financial assets（金融资产的流动性）,the invisibility（不可见性）of financi
44、al risks and the burst（爆发）of financial crisis make financial risks tend to（趋向于，易于）change dramatically（戏剧地）into financial crisis and heavily damage the development of economy.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System2.2 Financial and Economic Activities2.2 Financial and Economic Activiti
45、esThe relationship between finance and economic activities.The relationship between finance and economic activities.2.Finance also has negative effects on economic activities.(4)Other risks mainly include imbalance of international payments,financial bubbles caused by the credit inflation,excessive
46、fictitious capital and the over-speculations in financial markets.其他风险包括国际收支失衡，信贷通胀造成的金融泡沫，过多的虚拟资本和金融市场的过度投机。Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System2.3 Risks in the Financial System2.3 Risks in the Financial SystemThe definition of financial risksThe definition of financial risksFinan
47、cial risks mainly refer to all the risks that have negative effects on the stability and security of the financial system in a country.（一个国家金融体系的稳定性和安全性）Types of financial risks:Types of financial risks:internal risks and external risks.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System2.3 Risks
48、 in the Financial System2.3 Risks in the Financial SystemTypes Types of financial risks:The internal risksThe internal risks mainly consist of the institutional risks（机构风险，制度风险）,market risks,and the risks on financial infrastructure（金融基础设施）.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System2.3 R
49、isks in the Financial System2.3 Risks in the Financial SystemTypes Types of financial risks:The external risksThe external risks refer to the outside risks harmful to the financial system,such as the international financial crises,the failure of economic policy,the fluctuation（波动，起伏）of the economic
50、environment,and political truculence（政治好战）and natural calamities（自然灾害）.Chapter TwoChapter TwoFinancial SystemFinancial System2.4 Supervision on Financial System2.4 Supervision on Financial SystemThe definition of financial regulation&supervisionThe definition of financial regulation&supervisionFinan
