1、Unit 1 ArtLearning About Language l Discover useful structures 1 2 3 4 Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the d e v e l o p m e n t o f Western painting over the centuries.During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.In this work,
2、Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question,“What is art?”Discover useful structuresLearning About Language(Discover useful structures)主系表1234the best way to understand Western artiswaswaswasthe pur
3、pose of Western artMonets aimWhat they attempted to doto look.to teach.to convey.(to)show.Learning About Language(Discover useful structures)动词不定式（短语）作表语 动词不定式（短语）作表语相当于名词作表语。它和主语处在同等地位，所指的或是和主语一样的东西，或是主语产生的结果。常常可以将主语和表语交换位置，句子的意思不变。Learning About Language(Discover useful structures)（1）表示目的）表示目的The
4、next step is to put the theory into practice.下一步是要将理论付诸实践。（2）表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言）表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言You must speak out,if we are to remain friends.如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你就必须把话都说出来。We believe man is to live a better life in the future.我们相信人类在将来会生活得更好。功能：动词不定式（短语）作表语Learning About Language(Discover
5、useful structures)（3）当主语是以）当主语是以aim,suggestion,duty,hope,idea,intention等为中心词的名词词组，等为中心词的名词词组，或者是以或者是以what引导的名词性从句，用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容引导的名词性从句，用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容Our plan is to make better use of these materials.我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。（4）用于被动语态，相当于）用于被动语态，相当于can/could,should,ought to,must具有情态意义具有情态意义These books o
6、f great value are not to be sold.这些书很有价值，不应该卖掉。（5）表示）表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等等I am to set out for China next week.下周我要动身到中国去。（安排）You are to have a face-to-face talk with them.你应该和他们当面谈一谈。（劝告）Children are not to smoke.儿童不准吸烟。（禁止）功能：动词不定式（短语）作表语Learning About Language(Discover use
7、ful structures)主语主语+am/is/are/was/were+不定式不定式The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.教育的目的是培养儿童良好的性格。My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.我的想法是从北面爬这座山。Something is still to find out.有些东西还有待查明。结构：动词不定式（短语）作表语Learning About Language(Discover useful structures)省
8、略to的情况：（1）all作主句主语，其后的定语从句作主句主语，其后的定语从句含有实义动词含有实义动词do的某种形式时的某种形式时。例：All we need to do is live each day with hope.（2）what引导的从句作主语，从句中引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词含有实义动词do的某种形式时的某种形式时。例：What I want to do is take a holiday right away.（3）（主句）主语被）（主句）主语被only,first,one,last或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中语的从句或
9、短语中含有实义动词含有实义动词do的某种形式时的某种形式时。例：In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.动词不定式（短语）作表语Learning About Language(Discover useful structures)与V-ing（短语）作表语的区别（1）与句子的主语在形式上保持一致与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，即若句子主语为V-ing（短语），则表语也应使用V-ing（短语），若主语为动词不定式（短语），则表语也应用动词不定式（短语）。（2）动词不定式（短语）和动词不定式（短语）和V-ing（短语）有
10、时可换用（短语）有时可换用，但以下情况除外：当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通 常用动词不定式（短语）作表语。若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容则通常用V-ing（短语）作表语。动词不定式（短语）作表语Learning About Language(Discover useful structures)Match the sentence halves.(P5)Learning About Language(Discover useful structures)Fill in the blanks.1.What made me excited
11、was (hear)he had been chosen as monitor of our class.2.My intention is (apply)for a masters degree from Peking University.3.What the little boy feared was (leave)alone at home.4.Your duty is (ensure)all the childrens safety.5.The main purpose of his speech is (raise)peoples awareness about pollution
12、.to hear to applyto be left to ensureto raiseLearning About Language(Discover useful structures)Complete the sentences.1.每天早晨我做的第一件事就是进行锻炼。The first thing I do every morning .2.他想做的最有意义的事情就是帮助穷人。The most meaningful thing he wants to do .3.今年，他的计划是要对教学方法进行一些变革。This year,his plan .4.我建议马上开始工作。What I suggest at once.5.我认为是你弟弟对这次事故负有责任。I think it is your brother who .is(to)take exerciseis(to)help the pooris to make some changes in the teaching methodis to start workis to blame for the accidentLearning About Language(Discover useful structures)
