1、Useful words and expressionsUnit 3 Environmental expressions选择性必修三1.satisfy ones needs/demands/desires/requirements p满足某人的需要、需求、欲望、要求满足某人的需要、需求、欲望、要求psatisfy ones curiousity/greed 满足某人好奇心、贪婪满足某人好奇心、贪婪Compare:pmeet ones needs/demands/requirements/conditions/standards 满足某人需要、需求、要求、条件、标准满足某人需要、需求、要求、条件
2、、标准2.greed,greedy,greedily pbe greedy for power/profit 贪婪权力、利欲熏心贪婪权力、利欲熏心 （贪婪（贪婪.）3.require/need ones attention 需要某人关注、注意；关照需要某人关注、注意；关照pattract/catch(ones)attention 引起（某人）注意、关注引起（某人）注意、关注pcall/draw attention to sth 使、让人们关注某事使、让人们关注某事4.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer(se
3、e the graph).pThere is little/no doubt that.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）.没有什么、没有疑问没有什么、没有疑问pThere is some doubt whether.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）.存在一些疑问存在一些疑问5.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.=.provide evidence that_.1)pr
4、ovide evidence of sth/that.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）=evidence/show/prove sth /that.证明，正式证明，正式2)a dramatic change in the global climate全球气候的剧烈变化全球气候的剧烈变化a dramatic/significant/substantial increase/rise/drop/fall/reduction/decrease in(the number of people studying abroad)在在.方面有了急剧、显著的、大幅的增加方面有了急剧、显著的、大幅的增加/增长增长/
5、下降下降.the global climate has changed dramatically3)warm adj.（人（人/天气天气/衣物等）衣物等）暖和的，温暖的；保暖的暖和的，温暖的；保暖的 热情的，热忱的热情的，热忱的 vt.(up)使变暖、使暖和使变暖、使暖和pwarming adj.使人感到温暖的使人感到温暖的(a warming drink)U 变暖，升温变暖，升温(global warming)pwarmth U 温暖；热忱，友好温暖；热忱，友好pwarmly adv.暖和地暖和地;热情地热情地 be warmly dressed/received 穿着暖和、反响热烈穿着暖和
6、、反响热烈4)melting ice/snow 正在融化的冰、雪正在融化的冰、雪pmelted ice/snow 已经融化的冰、雪已经融化的冰、雪5)rising sea/price/income/wage levels 正在、不断上升的海平面、无价、收入、工资水平正在、不断上升的海平面、无价、收入、工资水平prisen sea.levels 已经上升的海平面、已经上升的海平面、.气候变化相关搭配：气候变化相关搭配：pclimate changepthe increase in temperature pthe increase in the global average surface te
7、mperaturepcause Earths surface temperature to rise pthe rise in temperature pan increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwidepresult in further warming and long-lasting changes to the golbal cimatepglobal warming 6.all that remained of the polar bear was“skin and bones”.=What is left o
8、f the plar bear was“skin and bones”.北极熊所剩下的一切、东西北极熊所剩下的一切、东西pB remain of/be left of A A 剩下剩下BpAll that/what remains/is left of sth.某物所剩下的一切、东西某物所剩下的一切、东西 After the fire,nothing was left/remained_ the house.His eyes stare at _ is left of the brothers dinner on the table._ remains of his original art
9、collection is now in the city museum.of what What 7.(seen)from the position of its dead body 从它的尸体的从它的尸体的位置来看位置来看8.appear to have starved and died 好像已经饿死了好像已经饿死了1)seem appear happen pretend .（不定式完成式作宾语）（不定式完成式作宾语）to have doneto have been done 好像好像似乎似乎 已经做过或发生过某事已经做过或发生过某事碰巧碰巧假装假装 pappear to do sth (
10、to be)+adj/n.pIt appears that 主从主从 所有的文件好像已删除掉了。所有的文件好像已删除掉了。All the files appear/appeared to have been deleted.=It appears/appeared that all the files have/had been deleted.似乎一直有个差错。似乎一直有个差错。There appears/appeared to have been a mistake.=It appears/appeared that there has/had been a mistake.好像，显得好像
11、，显得 2)starve vi.挨饿挨饿;饿死饿死vstarvation 【U】挨饿挨饿;饿死饿死vstarve to death 饿死饿死vstarve for sth.渴望得到某物渴望得到某物 =desire,long for vdie of/from starvation 死于饥饿死于饥饿 =die of hunger9.low sea-ice levels caused by climate change 由气候变化造成的海滨面降低由气候变化造成的海滨面降低a key climate process called the greenhouse effect （过去分词短语作后置定语）（
12、过去分词短语作后置定语）10.as/than before 像以前那样、比以前更像以前那样、比以前更.as/than ever 像任何时候那样、比任何时候更像任何时候那样、比任何时候更.11.travel greater/longer distances/a long/great distance 行走很长的距离行走很长的距离12.This alarming case showed _ the increase in temperature had an impact on Earths ecology.这个令人惊恐的案例证明气温的上升是如何对地球生这个令人惊恐的案例证明气温的上升是如何对地球
13、生态造成影响的。态造成影响的。13.refer to the fact that.指的是指的是这个事实（同位语从这个事实（同位语从句）句）how 14.as short-wave radiation 作为短波作为短波辐射的形式辐射的形式15.be released back into space 被释放回太空被释放回太空prelease(heat oil/oxygen.)into(the sea/atmosphere)排放、释放（物质）到排放、释放（物质）到.里里prelease sb/sth from=set.from 把把.从从.释放释放/解救出来解救出来prelease a movie/
14、book/album/product 发行、上演发行、上演（电（电影、新书、专辑、产品）影、新书、专辑、产品）(=issue)prelease further details/tade figures 发布，公开（信息）发布，公开（信息）(=publish)prelease stress/tension/emotions 发泄发泄,表达表达,释放（压力、释放（压力、情绪）情绪）Fullly_(recover),the birds can now be released back into the wild.These are the first accidents statistics _(r
15、elease).16.at longer wave lengths 以更长的波长以更长的波长17.trap some of the heat 截住部分热量截住部分热量ptrap vt.截住，留住，（光、热、气、能量、水等）截住，留住，（光、热、气、能量、水等）pbe trapped in sth 被储存、蓄积在被储存、蓄积在.里里 Sand and leaves _ the water in the stream.A.catch B.trap C.block D.keeprecovered to be released trap 18.keeping Earths climate warm a
16、nd habitable 使地球的气候温暖宜居使地球的气候温暖宜居（现在分词短语作结果状语）（现在分词短语作结果状语）phabitable adj.宜居的宜居的;可居住的可居住的;phabitat C（动植物的）生活环境，栖息地（动植物的）生活环境，栖息地phabitation U居住；居住；C 住处，住所住处，住所It would cost a fourtune to make the place _.I prefer to see animals in their natural _,rather than in zoos.The houses are unfit for human _.
17、habitable habitat habitation habitual adj.习惯性的习惯性的 19.Without this process,Earth could not sustain life.1)without.,could/can not do sth 没有没有.就不能就不能.I cant see without glasses.没有眼镜我看不见。（真实语气）没有眼镜我看不见。（真实语气）I cant speak English without making mistakes.我一说英语就会犯错。（真实语气）我一说英语就会犯错。（真实语气）W couldnt live wit
18、hout air or water.没有空气或水我们不能生存。没有空气或水我们不能生存。（虚拟语气）（虚拟语气）2)sustain life/sb/the economy 维持维持/支撑（生命、生存、支撑（生命、生存、信心、坚强、存在等）信心、坚强、存在等）Which planets sustain life?(=support)A light meal wont sustain us through the day.psustain economic growth/ones interest in.=maintain 维持经济增长、某人兴趣维持经济增长、某人兴趣psustain damage
19、/injuries/losses/a defeat =suffer 遭受损坏、受伤、损失、失败遭受损坏、受伤、损失、失败psustain ones weight =support 承受住承受住psustainability|sstenblti|U 持续性，能维持性，持续性，能维持性，永续性永续性psustainable economica growth/development 可持续的可持续的 经济增长、发展经济增长、发展 Compare:pyears of sustained economic growth/development 多年多年持续的、持久的持续的、持久的经济增长、发展经济增长、
20、发展 She owes her success to _ hard work/efforts.The knowledge that the recue team would be searching for them _ the trapped miners.sustained sustained 20.huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases 大量额外的各种温室气体大量额外的各种温室气体（指量多，而不指种类多）（指量多，而不指种类多）phuge amounts of+U 大量的（不可数东西）大量的（不可数东西）=a huge amount of.=a gr
21、eat deal of phuge numbers of+复数名词复数名词 大量的可数的人、东西大量的可数的人、东西 =a huge number of+复数名词复数名词phuge quantities of+不可数名词、复数名词不可数名词、复数名词 =a huge quantity of+.大量可数或不可数的东西21.and causes Earths surface temperature to rise quickly =causing the quick/dramatic rise in Earths surfce temperature 现在分词短语作结果状语现在分词短语作结果状语2
22、2.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide,not only causing serious damage,but also costing human lives.1)There is strong and comprehensive.evidence that.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）存在存在有力、全面的有力、全面的.证据表明证据表明.T
23、here is clear/convincing evidence that there is a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.of 2)comprehensive adj.全部全部/所有所有/详尽的详尽的(=thorough)C（英国的公立性）综合中学（英国的公立性）综合中学 =comprehensive schoolpcomprehensively adv.完全地；彻底地完全地；彻底地(completely,thoroughly)pcomprehend sth/that/wh-从句从句 =understand 理解、领悟（困难、
24、复杂理解、领悟（困难、复杂pcomprehension kmprhenn U 理解理解/领悟力领悟力;理解练习、训练理解练习、训练a comprehensive list of/guide to the local hotels 当地宾馆详细目录、指南当地宾馆详细目录、指南pbe beyond(ones)comprehension 令（某）人费解令（某）人费解p a reading/listening comprehension(task)阅读、听力理解练习阅读、听力理解练习3)cost(sb)ones life/health/job/marriage/chance 使某人失去生命、健康、工作
25、、婚姻、机会使某人失去生命、健康、工作、婚姻、机会 The decision _(take)the car cost him his life.The _(close)of the factory is likely to cost 1000 jobs.其它有关名词和动词其它有关名词和动词cost的短语：的短语：to take closure pcost sb a vist to the doctor/many sleepless nights 使某人付出辛劳、害得某人做某事使某人付出辛劳、害得某人做某事pcost sb dear/dearly 使某人付出昂贵的代价使某人付出昂贵的代价pcos
26、t sb arm and leg 花某人很多钱花某人很多钱p=cost sb a(small)fortune/the earth p=cost a lot of moneypThe hospital cost(an estimated)$2 billion to build.p=It cost(an estimated)$2 billion to build the hospital.p=The hospital was built at a cost of(an estimated)$2 billion.p(do sth)at the cost of ones life/health 以生命
27、、健康为代价做某事以生命、健康为代价做某事p(do sth)at all costs/whatever the cost 不惜一切代价（做某事）不惜一切代价（做某事）preduce/cut costs 减少成本减少成本pcover ones costs 够够支付某人费用支付某人费用22.take appropriate action(s)(to do sth)采取适当的行动采取适当的行动 take steps/measures to do sth 采取步骤、措施作某事采取步骤、措施作某事 make efforts/an attempt to do sth 努力、试图作某事努力、试图作某事23.
28、this warming trend 这种变暖趋势这种变暖趋势p trend(towards sth/in sth/among sb)=tendency C 趋势，倾向，动态趋势，倾向，动态ptrendy(trendier,trendiest)adj.（赶）时髦的（人、（赶）时髦的（人、物）；物）；(=fashionable)U赶时髦的人赶时髦的人 There _(be)a recent trend _ judges _ giving more severe punishments.人们延迟退休有增加的趋势。人们延迟退休有增加的趋势。There is a growing trend towar
29、ds/to later retirement.=The growing trend is that people will retire later.=The growing trend is for people to retire later.=The growing trend is towards later retirement.among has been towards 24.there will be a higher price to pay 将会付出更高的代价将会付出更高的代价ppay a high/heavy price(for sth)付出高昂、沉重的代价付出高昂、沉重
30、的代价Giving up his job is a small _ to pay for his childrens happiness.(price,cost,charge,expense)25.frequently broadcast news reports about sth 经常地、频繁地播出有关经常地、频繁地播出有关.新闻报告新闻报告broadcast a concert/an interview/game on TV/the radio 在（电视、广播里）播出在（电视、广播里）播出.broadcast sth live 现场播出现场播出.broadcast the fact th
31、at.散布、传播这个事实散布、传播这个事实.watch a live broadcast of(the game)观看现场（比赛）直观看现场（比赛）直播节目播节目(broadcast,broadcast)price 26.frequently adv.频繁地；经常频繁地；经常pfrequent adj.频繁的频繁的;经常发生的经常发生的pfrequency n.频繁性频繁性;数数物物频率，次数频率，次数;频率分布频率分布27.Continued greenhouse gas emissions 温室气体的持续排放温室气体的持续排放 =Greenhouse gas emissions that
32、have continuedthe continued presence of water on Earth 地球上水的持续存在地球上水的持续存在 （不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语：表主动、完成）（不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语：表主动、完成）28.result in further warming and long-lasting changes to/in the global climate 导致导致、造成造成进一步变暖和全球气候的持久变化进一步变暖和全球气候的持久变化a long-lasting effect/impact/result/peace 持久的，长期的持久的，长期的 影响、
33、结果、和平影响、结果、和平29.consider doing sth 考虑做某事考虑做某事 30.make policies 制定政策制定政策31.restrict the amount of carbon dioxide 限制二氧化碳的量限制二氧化碳的量prestrict the amount/number/speed/size.to.限制、控制（数量、限制、控制（数量、速度速度/规模）到规模）到.(=limit)prestrict ones freedom/movements/opportunities 约束，妨碍约束，妨碍 =limit prestrict oneself/sb to s
34、th/doing sth(two cigarettes/coffees a day)=limit oneself/sb to sth 限制自己、某人只做某事限制自己、某人只做某事32.It is ones/a responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的、一项责任做某事是某人的、一项责任33.seize/take/grab every opportunity to do sth 抓住每个机会做某事抓住每个机会做某事pseize(hold of)sth=grab(hold of)sth =take hold of sth suddenly and violently 攫取、夺
35、取攫取、夺取 pseize sth from sb 从从.攫取、夺取、攫取、夺取、=grab.from.pseize power/(control of)the airport =take control of.suddenly and quickly by force 夺权、控制机场夺权、控制机场34.educate sb about sth 教育某人有关教育某人有关.（知识）（知识）35.affecting all of us on this planet =involving.影响这个星球上我们所有人的影响这个星球上我们所有人的 （现在分词短语作定语）（现在分词短语作定语）Homework
