1、Learning About LanguageBuild up your vocabulary1Find the suitable adjectives from the previous text to complete the sentences.The first letter of each word has been given.1.He behaves in a d_ manner and we think he is a real gentleman.2.With the gentle music,soft lights,and comfortable sofas,this ca
2、f is everything you need after a tiring day.It is a c_ and relaxing place.3.He used to be so cross and b_ that nobody could tolerate him,but the birth of his son changed his life and made him a better person.4.Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.Although living a m_ life,he had a very kind he
3、art.5.Try to learn from your mistakes and b_ failures.It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.6.The young boy has demonstrated a g_ interest in the expedition to the Antarctic.ecentosyad-temperediserableitterenuine2Choose the appropriate word to complete each sentence.1.The fire
4、alarm caused a panic/worry in the theatre and the crowd fled in all directions.2.Although my grandpa is retired,he is very enthusiastic/concerned about volunteer work.3.The officer was assigned/employed to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident.4.The sun was sinking/falling behind the mo
5、untains when we reached the top.5.It took him a lot of vigour/energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house.Build up your vocabulary3Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper,Perce Blackborow _ to join the Antarct
6、ic expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what challenges might lie ahead.Unfortunately,his application _ because he was too young and not qualified enough.However,he managed to get _ the Endurance with his friends help.He hid in a _,but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton.Altho
7、ugh the captain was angry,he _ the boy the job of cooking for the _.Their _ did not go smoothly,and the Endurance became stuck in the ice.Before the Endurance was crushed and _ into the sea,Shackleton gave the order to _ ship,and the crew had to camp on ice.They then sailed to Elephant Island.Soon a
8、fter that,Shackleton selected a boat party and _ for South Georgia Island to get help.abandon aboard assign crew cupboard resolve set off sink turn down voyageresolvedwas turned downaboardcupboardassignedcrewvoyagesankabandonset offBuild up your vocabulary重点词汇1.adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 1.adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 3.n.
9、家具 4.adv.幸运地 adv.不幸地；遗憾地 5.vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告 n.广告活动；广告业 cruelthoroughfurniturefortunately unfortunatelyadvertise advertisingBuild up your vocabulary6.bark vi.&n.7.rugby n.8.bat n.vi.&vt.9.damp adj.10.recreation n.11.guidance n.12.nephew n.13.corporate adj.（狗）吠叫；吠叫声 橄榄球运动 球拍；蝙蝠 用球板击球；挥打；拍打 潮湿的；湿气重的 娱乐
10、；消遣；游戏 指导；引导；导航 侄子；外甥 公司的；法人的；社团的 重点词汇Build up your vocabulary1.以的方式 2.四面八方 3.热衷于 4.生火 5.放出（热、光、气味或气体）6.be proud of 7.try ones best 8.turn sb down 9.under ones guidance in a.mannerin all directionsbe enthusiastic aboutmake firegive off 为自豪 尽某人最大的努力 拒绝（某人）在的指导下 重点短语Build up your vocabulary释义匹配1.cruel
11、 2.thorough 3.advertise4.nephew 5.furnitureA.detailed and carefulB.making someone suffer or feel unhappyC.large objects such as chairs,tables,beds,and cupboardsD.a son of your sister or brother;a son of your husbands or wifes sister or brotherE.to tell the public about a product or service in order
12、to persuade them to buy itBuild up your vocabulary重点词汇讲解1.Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.奥利弗幼年时期，生活对他来说，很残酷。cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 cruelty n.残酷；残忍；冷酷残酷；残忍；冷酷 I cant stand people who are cruel to animals.我无法容忍虐待动物的人。To hit a weaker person is a sign of cruelty.殴打比自己弱的人是一种残忍的表现。Bu
13、ild up your vocabulary2.It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.只要坚持不懈，你最终会走向成功。as long as 意为意为“只要只要”，引导条件状语从句引导条件状语从句。As long as you have your health,nothing else matters.只要身体健康，其他任何事都无关紧要。Daddy didnt mind what we were doing,as long as we were together,having fun.爸爸不介意我们做什么，只要我们
14、在一起，玩得开心。重点词汇讲解Build up your vocabulary3.Jasons only recreation is painting.杰森唯一的消遣就是画画。recreation n.娱乐娱乐；消遣；游戏；消遣；游戏 Her only form of recreation seems to be shopping.她唯一的消遣好像就是购物。People also have strong needs for recreation,education,and entertainment.人类也有强烈的对休闲、教育和娱乐的需要。Reading is also a recreatio
15、n,a way of entertainment.读书也是一种休闲，一种娱乐的方式。重点词汇讲解Build up your vocabulary4.He finally finished the research paper under his tutors guidance.他最终在导师的指导下完成了研究论文。guidance n.指导；引导；导航指导；引导；导航 Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor.所有活动都在经验丰富的导师指导下进行。Students may decide to seek
16、 tutorial guidance.学生可以决定寻求导师指导。重点词汇讲解Build up your vocabulary Lets have a look at the TV guide and see whats on.咱们看看电视节目单上有什么节目。We hired a local guide to get us across the mountains.我们雇了一名当地人做向导带领我们翻山越岭。She guided us through the busy streets to the cinema.她带领我们穿过繁忙的街道去电影院。give sb guidance on/about
17、给某人有关给某人有关的指导的指导 under the guidance of 在在的指导下的指导下 guide n.导游；手册导游；手册 vt.指导；给指导；给领路领路重点词汇讲解Build up your vocabulary5.The company launched an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.该公司发起了广告活动，以提升其企业形象。corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的公司的；法人的；社团的corporate finance/planning/strategy 公司财务/计划/战略corpor
18、ate identity=the image of a company公司形象The law applies to both individuals and corporate bodies.本法律既适用于个人也适用于法人团体。重点词汇讲解Build up your vocabulary1Look at the sentence in the present perfect continuous tense.Find more examples from the previous text and discuss the function of the tense.EXAMPLE This i
19、s the adventure that I have been dreaming of.We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive,We have been struggling for days,but Build up your vocabularyDiscover useful structures现在完成进行时1.现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+现在分词现在分词”构成。其陈述句、一般疑问句和简单回答如下：现在完成进行时现在完成进行时陈述句陈述句
20、一般疑问句一般疑问句简单回答简单回答I/We/You/They have(not)been working.Have I/we/you/they been working.?Yes,I/we/you/they have.No,I/we/you/they havent.He/She/It has(not)been working.H a s h e/s h e/i t b e e n working.?Yes,he/she/it has.No,he/she/it hasnt.2.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也有可能继续进行下
21、去。Im sure you will do better in the test because you have been studying so hard this year.我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩，因为这一年里你一直用功学习。Ive been writing letters all this morning.整个上午我一直在写信。This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.这是我从小就一直期待着的事情。现在完成进行时Discover useful structures(2)表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，
22、而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。Weve all along been making mistakes like this.我们一直犯这样的错误。Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.过去一周吉姆每晚都给珍妮打电话。(3)现在完成进行时还可以表达较重的感情色彩。What have you been doing to my dictionary?看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了?Too much has been happening today.今天发生太多事了。现在完成进行时Discover useful stru
23、ctures3.与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语现在完成进行时常见的时间状语有：all day/month；this month/week/year；these days；recently/lately；in the past few+时间段；since+时间点；for+时间段等。They have been building the bridge for two months.两个月来他们一直在修桥。They have been planting trees this month.这个月他们一直在植树。Vera has been trying to learn C
24、hinese for years.维拉努力学汉语已有好几年了。现在完成进行时Discover useful structures4.不能用于现在完成进行时的动词不能用于现在完成进行时的动词使用现在完成进行时的句子，表意上需要动词行为具有延续性的特点。因此，某些不具延续性含义的动词，如：come,go,marry,die,finish,join等，不适用于现在完成进行时。5.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。He has changed h
25、is idea.他改变了想法。I have already read the book.我已经读过这本书了。现在完成进行时Discover useful structures(2)在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。We have been studying here for two years.我们已经在这儿学习了两年。She is very tired.Shes been working all morning.她很累。她干了一上午活了。(3)在许多情况下，现在完成时表示动
26、作已经完成，而现在完成进行时并非如此。He has cleaned the window.他把窗户擦干净了。（动作已完成）He has been cleaning the window.他一直在擦窗户。（动作不一定完成）现在完成进行时Discover useful structures(4)有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在完成进行时。Ive known him for many years.我认识他有许多年了。The war has lasted for a long time.这场战争持续了很长时间。现在完成进行时Discover useful structures2Read
27、 each situation and rewrite each sentence using the present perfect continuous tense.1.The dog started to bark about two hours ago.I really hope it will stop soon.2.Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight.Now he has become a professional player.Steve has been playing rugby since the age of e
28、ight.Now he has become a professional player.The dog has been barking for about two hours.I really hope it will stop soon.Discover useful structures3.Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat.He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours._Timmy is h
29、olding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat.He looks a little tired because he has been playing table tennis for two hours.2Read each situation and rewrite each sentence using the present perfect continuous tense.Discover useful structures4.Diane hasnt got much sleep this week.Sh
30、e looks terrible today._5.I tried to phone you this morning.I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here._Diane hasnt been sleeping well this week.She looks terrible today.I have been trying to phone you all this morning.I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.2Read each
31、 situation and rewrite each sentence using the present perfect continuous tense.Discover useful structures3Complete the sentences below using the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.Then explain your reasons to your partner.1.For the whole morning,the board of the directors _(discuss)the resolut
32、ion to increase wages in the coming year.2.Jasons only recreation is painting.He _(learn)how to paint for over five years.3.Even though we lost the game,we should be proud of ourselves because we _(try)our best and _(work)as a team.4.He finally _(finish)the research paper under his tutors guidance.5
33、.My nephew Sam _(collect)comic books since he was five.Now he has more than two hundred of them.6.The company _(launch)an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.has been discussinghas been learningtriedfinishedworkedhas been collectinglaunched/will launch/is launching/has launchedDiscover useful structures4Work in pairs.Interview your partner about the things that he/she has been doing.The following questions might help you.Do you have any hobbies or interests?How long have you been learning/playing?What have you been doing recently?Homework
