1、Adversity and CourageUnit 4page41 To learn the present perfect continuous tense To practice the present perfect continuous tense by completing some exercises Observe and discover(1).this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.(Diary1)(2)We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing t
2、o survive.(diary2)(3)We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.(diary3)以上句子都用了以上句子都用了现在完成进行时现在完成进行时，其构成为：，其构成为：，基本含义：基本含义：_have/hasbeendoing1.表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在的动作表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在的动作。emphasize the continuation of the actionWe have been waiting for you for
3、 half an hour.我们一直等了你半个小时。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.有2000年的造纸历史。I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。1.表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在的动作表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在的动作。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，则由继续下去，则由上
4、下文上下文而定。这个时态多用于而定。这个时态多用于延续性动词延续性动词，如，如livelive，learnlearn，lielie，staystay，sitsit，waitwait，standstand，restrest，studystudy等，并常和等，并常和all this weekall this week，this monththis month，all nightall night，all the all the morningmorning，recentlyrecently等时间状语以及等时间状语以及sincesince和和forfor引导的时间状语连用引导的时间状语连用(与与si
5、ncesince和和forfor连用时，连用时，动作常会继续下去动作常会继续下去)。2.强调动作对现在产生的结果或影响。强调动作对现在产生的结果或影响。I have been playing football all the morning,so Im sweating heavily.I have been reading for two hours,but I havent finished it.You have been coughing a lot lately.(关切)Too much has been happening today.(感慨)He has always been
6、studying hard.(赞许)3表达感情色彩。表达感情色彩。【含义总结】现在完成进行时的含义：(1)兼具现在完成时现在完成时及现在进行时现在进行时的特点；(2)表示某一动作持续下去，对现在会产生的结果或影响结果或影响；(3)也可以表示某一动作的延续性、重复性。延续性、重复性。(4)表达感情色彩表达感情色彩。【学以致用1】补全句子Inventors _(一直在试图)to make flying cars since the 1930s.Tom _(一直在努力学习)since the new term began.I _(一直在踢足球)all the morning，so Im sweati
7、ng heavily.have been tryinghas been working hardhave been playing football He has been writing a novel，which will be finished next month.He has written a novel，which is being prepared to come out now.二、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别I have been visiting my hometown recently，and it impresses me differently each tim
8、e.I have visited my hometown recently，whose changes have left a deep impression on me.A:比较句子比较句子，_强调动作未完成；而强调动作未完成；而_强调动作已经结束。强调动作已经结束。hashave been doinghashave doneB:比较句子比较句子，_强调动作的重复，强调动作的重复，_可以表示一次性动作。可以表示一次性动作。hashave been doinghashave doneCompare and find a finished actionan unfinished actionC:
9、比较句子比较句子，_表示一种感情色彩；表示一种感情色彩；_则陈述一种事实。则陈述一种事实。Recently she has always been helping me.Recently she has helped me a lot.hashave been doinghashave doneD:比较句子比较句子_强调动作行为的强调动作行为的结果、结果、影响影响，而，而_ 只强调只强调动作行为动作行为本身本身。The repairman has been repairing the car all the afternoon.The repairman has repaired your c
10、ar,and you can have it now.hashave been doinghashave done【学以致用2】根据汉语提示，在下列句子中填入正确的时态自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改善这一方案。The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.据报道工程已被完成。It is reported that the project _.has been tellinghas been completed三、有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时，这些动词为：状态动词：状态动词：be，h
11、ave，exist；情感动词：情感动词：like，love，hate；感观动词：感观动词：see，hear，know，feel，sound；短暂性动词：短暂性动词：finish，marry，get up，come，go 等。等。I have known him for years.认识认识They have finished the work.完成完成【学以致用3】用所给词的适当形式填空There _(exist)an old temple since the Ming Dynasty.I _(teach)English for almost twenty years，and I will s
12、tep in another new teaching year.He _(not feel)himself since yesterday.has existedhave been teachinghasnt felt随堂训练巩固提升.用所给单词的适当形式填空1Sorry，Im full.I _(have)supper already.2Maria _(learn)English for two years and she does well in it.3Tom _(work)in the library every night over the last three months.4He
13、llo，Tom.I _(look)for you all morning.Where have you been?have hadhas been learning/has learnedhas been workinghave been looking5All these years they _(contribute)articles to our magazine.6They _(marry)for almost 15 years.7The little boy is dirty all over because he _(play)in the mud all the morning.
14、8Here he is!We _(wait)anxiously for him since last night.have been contributinghave been marriedhas been playinghave been waiting.完成句子1我们一整个下午一直在打扫教室。We _ the classroom all the afternoon.2这本书我已经读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。Ive _ for two hours，but I havent finished it.3他去北京了。He _ Beijing.have been cleaningbeen rea
15、ding this bookhas gone to4他离开中国三年了。He _ from China for three years.5自从2005年，我一直住在广州。I _ in Guangzhou since 2005.6Its the third time that he _our school.这是他第三次来我们学校参观了。has been awayhave livedhas visited.语法填空Floating mountains in the ocean are better known as icebergs(冰山)Icebergs are 1._(mass)of fresh
16、water ice that have broken from a glacier(冰川)or polar ice sheet.Most icebergs are formed around Antarctica and Greenland.Icebergs 2._(see)today began thousands and thousands of years ago.They began as flakes of snow falling on land.Over the years，more and more snow fell.The snow on 3._bottom was cru
17、shed(压碎)because snow on top was packing it down.Years of 4._(melt)and freezing formed layers of ice thousands of feet thick.These sheets of ice are called glaciers.During the warmer weather in spring 5._ summer，pieces of ice break off from glaciers.The broken pieces of ice fall into the water and be
18、come icebergs.Icebergs vary 6._ size.The largest iceberg ever recorded was the size of the state of Rhode Island in the United States.The 7._(tall)iceberg stood 550 feet above the ocean.Thats about the size of the Washington Monument in Washington，D.C.Icebergs can be very 8._(danger)to ships traveli
19、ng near them because only oneeighth of an iceberg 9._(be)above water.This means that the rockhard ice is much larger underneath.Captains taking 10._(they)ships around an iceberg may miscalculate the size of the iceberg.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章主要说明冰山的一些特点以及注意事项。1masses考查固定搭配。句意：冰山是冰川或极地冰盖上破碎的大量淡水冰。masses of 为
20、固定搭配，意为“许多的，大量的”，故填masses。2seen考查过去分词作定语。句意：今天看到的冰山始于数千年前。分析句子可知，空格处在句中作定语，因为Icebergs 和动词see二者是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词作后置定语，故填seen。3the考查冠词。句意：底部的雪被压碎了。此处是特指底部的雪，要用定冠词，故填the。4melting考查动词的ing形式作宾语。句意：多年的融化和冰冻形成了数千英尺厚的冰层。分析可知，of为介词，后面要用动词的ing形式，故填melting。5and考查语境及连词。句意：在春天和夏天比较暖和的时候，冰川上的冰块会脱落。句中的spring和summer
21、二者是并列的，故填and。6in考查固定用法。句意：冰山大小不一。in size为固定搭配，意为“在大小上，尺寸上”。故填in。7tallest考查最高级。句意：最高的冰山高出海洋550英尺。根据语境可知，此处是指最高级，可知要填tallest。8dangerous考查形容词作表语。句意：冰山对于在它们附近航行的船只来说是非常危险的。分析句子可知，此处是形容词做表语，故填dangerous。9is考查谓语动词。句意：因为只有八分之一的冰山露出水面。主语oneeighthofaniceberg是单数。结合上下文，使用一般现在时，故填is。10their考查代词。句意：船长驾驶他们的船绕过一座冰山
22、时可能会误估冰山的大小。修饰名词ships，要用形容词性物主代词，他们的船只，故填their。Read each situation and write a sentence that best describes it.1.The dog started to bark about two hours ago.I really hope it will stop soon.The dog has been barking for about two hours.I really hope it will stop soon.v.吠叫吠叫page412.Steve started to pla
23、y rugby at the age of eight.Now he has become a professional player.n.橄榄球运动橄榄球运动Steve has been playing rugby since eight.Now he has become a professional player.adj.潮湿的潮湿的3.Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat.He looks a little tired after playing table tennis fo
24、r two hours._Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat.He has been playing table tennis for two hours,so he looks a little tired.n.球拍球拍4.Diane hasnt got much sleep this week.She looks terrible today._5.I tried to phone you this morning.I must have tried a dozen times
25、before I caught you here._Diane hasnt been sleeping enough this week.She looks terrible today.I have been trying to phone you all this morning.I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.Complete the sentences below using the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.Then explain your rea
26、sons to your partner.1.For the whole morning,the board of the directors _(discuss)the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.2.Jasons only recreation is painting.He _(learn)how to paint for over five years.has been discussingn.娱乐；消遣娱乐；消遣has been learningn.侄子；外甥侄子；外甥3.Even though we lost the
27、 game,we should be proud of ourselves because we _(try)our best and _(work)as a team.4.He finally _(finish)the research paper under his tutors guidance.5.My nephew Sam _(collect)comic books since he was five.Now he has more than two hundred of them.have tried(has)finished(have)workedhas been collect
28、ingn.指导指导n.广告活动广告活动6.The company _ _(launch)an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.adj.公司的公司的 has launched1.北京卷北京卷-Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?-The new Star Wars.We _ here for more than two hours.A.waited B.wait C.would be waiting D.have been waiting D2.江苏卷江苏卷 Dashan,wh
29、o _ crosstalk（相声）（相声）,the Chinese comedic（喜剧的（喜剧的)tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.A.will be learning B.is learning C.had been learning D.has been learningD大山已经学了几十年相声，他想把它和西方传大山已经学了几十年相声，他想把它和西方传统的单口喜剧结合起来。统的单口喜剧结合起来。3.福建卷福建卷 -Where is Peter?I cant find h
30、im anywhere.-He went to the library after breakfast and _(write)his essay(论文）论文）there ever since.4.江西卷江西卷 -Tony,why are your eyes red?-I _(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.has been writinghave been cutting5.北京北京卷卷 Chinas high-speed railways _(grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past
31、few years.6.湖南卷湖南卷 Since the time humankind started gardening,we _(try)to make our environment more beautiful.have grownhave been trying真题演练真题演练1.People _(pour)into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.(2021 全国乙卷)2.For the biggest stadiums in the world,we _(use)data supplied by the World Atlas list so far,which _(rank)them by their stated permanent capacity,as well as updated information from official stadium websites.(2021 全国乙卷)3.You know,I _(look)for a job for three months,and this is my first formal interview.have been pouringhave usedrankshave been looking
