1、Useful words and expressions Unit 4 Adversity and courage选择性必修三1.adversity U&C 困境；逆境困境；逆境(=a difficult or unpleasant situation)(pl.adversities)He remained hopeful in adversity/in time(s)of adversity/in the face of adversity.在困境中、在遇到困境的时候、面对困境仍然充满希望。在困境中、在遇到困境的时候、面对困境仍然充满希望。pface/deal with adversity
2、with couragepovercome/meet with many personal adversities 走出困境、遭遇走出困境、遭遇逆境逆境Compare:pin a dilemma 处于窘境处于窘境/困境中困境中pin trouble 在麻烦中在麻烦中 pin need 在危难在危难/贫困中贫困中pin difficulty/difficulties 在困难中在困难中2.perseverance U 毅力，不屈不挠的精神毅力，不屈不挠的精神(=persistence)ppersevere vi.坚持不懈，锲而不舍（做某事）坚持不懈，锲而不舍（做某事）(in/with)(=pers
3、ist)ppersevering adj.坚韧不拔的，不屈不挠的坚韧不拔的，不屈不挠的(=persistent)show great perseverance in the face of difficulty/adversity 面对困难面对困难/逆境逆境表现出坚强的毅力表现出坚强的毅力It took perseverance to overcome his reading problems.克服阅读困难需要毅力克服阅读困难需要毅力ones perseverance paid off/was rewarded 某人的毅力得到了回报某人的毅力得到了回报(achieve success)thro
4、ugh perseverance 通过不屈不挠取得成功通过不屈不挠取得成功persevere with ones work/lessons/studies 坚持不懈地工作、学习坚持不懈地工作、学习功课、学习功课、学习persevere with/in ones efforts/attempts to win the champinship 锲而不舍地努力、尝试赢得锦标赛锲而不舍地努力、尝试赢得锦标赛persevere with(the students)锲而不舍地帮助（学生）锲而不舍地帮助（学生）3.wage C 工资（体力劳动，按小时、日、周计算的）工资（体力劳动，按小时、日、周计算的）pe
5、arn/offer/pay wages of 200 a week a weekly wage of 200 a good/low/small living wage 挣挣/提供提供/支付支付 周薪周薪200英镑工资英镑工资 高薪、低薪、微薄、维持基本生活工资高薪、低薪、微薄、维持基本生活工资The wage increase/rises will come into effect in June.Compare:psalary C 薪水，工资（按月发放给专业人士的）薪水，工资（按月发放给专业人士的）pearn/pay/offer an annual/monthy salary(of.)a g
6、ood/high/low/small/basic salary3.bitter adj.严寒的（天气等）严寒的（天气等）;激烈而不愉快的（激烈而不愉快的（争论争论/战斗）；战斗）；令人痛苦或不快的；令人痛苦或不快的；味苦的味苦的 pbitterly adv.伤心地伤心地;愤怒地愤怒地;极其极其;非常非常pbitterness U 苦味苦味;痛苦痛苦;悲痛悲痛;酷烈酷烈 the bitter cold 严寒严寒a bitter wind 一股寒风一股寒风It is is bitterly/freezing cold.天气寒冷刺骨。天气寒冷刺骨。a bitter dispute/battle/st
7、ruggle 激烈的争论、战斗、挣扎激烈的争论、战斗、挣扎weep bitter tears(=weep bitterly)流出痛苦的泪水（哭得很伤心）流出痛苦的泪水（哭得很伤心）a bitter taste 苦味苦味4.expedition C 探险（队），远征（队），考察（队）探险（队），远征（队），考察（队）(to sth/to do sth)C 短途出行短途出行(=trip)join/take part in/send/lead an expedition to Antarctica/to photograph wild animals in Africa 派遣、率领、参加一支探险队去
8、南极派遣、率领、参加一支探险队去南极/非洲拍摄野生动物非洲拍摄野生动物be on/plan/make/go on an expedition to the South Pole （正在、计划）去（南极）进行探险、考察（正在、计划）去（南极）进行探险、考察go on a shopping/shipping expedition(to the mall/lake)外出外出.购购物、钓鱼物、钓鱼5.on the ship/plane/bus/trainpin a/ones boat/car/taxi pon horseback/a/(ones)motorbike 乘、坐、搭乘、坐、搭.（作方式状语）
9、（作方式状语）6.endurance U 忍耐力；耐久力忍耐力；耐久力 pendure vt.忍受忍受,忍耐忍耐(sth/doing/to do sth)The marathon is a test of endurance.=The marathon tests endurance.p(be)beyond endurance 无法忍受无法忍受pincrease ones endurance 增加某人的耐力增加某人的耐力p(can/cant)endure the pain/hardship seeing/to see animals suffer being defeated/to be de
10、feated =(can/cant)bear/tolerate/stand sth/doing/to do sth （能、不能）忍受（能、不能）忍受 痛苦、艰辛痛苦、艰辛 看见动物受苦看见动物受苦 失败失败7.one of the most famous explorers of his day/time 他那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一他那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一p the most/best.of ones day/time 某人那个时代最某人那个时代最.8.It is considered a great honor/wise to do sth 做某事被认为是一种极大的荣誉做某事被认为
11、是一种极大的荣誉/明智的明智的9.be/become part of(his expeditions/the team)参加（他的探险）活动，成为（这个团队）的成员参加（他的探险）活动，成为（这个团队）的成员 10.it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.=One morning I happened to buy a newspaper and read.一天早上我碰巧买到一份报纸，看到这侧有关南极考察一天早上我
12、碰巧买到一份报纸，看到这侧有关南极考察招募广告。招募广告。=As it happened,one morning I bought.and read.pIt(so)happened/seemed/appeared/turned out that sb/sth.（主（主从）从）p=Sb/sth happened/seemed/appeared/turned out to do sth 某人、物碰巧、似乎、好像、结果某人、物碰巧、似乎、好像、结果.9.the adventure that I have been dreaming of/about 我一直以来的冒险之旅我一直以来的冒险之旅 10.v
13、igour/vigor U 精力；力量；活力精力；力量；活力(energy,enthusiasm and determination)p vigorous vrs adj.精力充沛的精力充沛的;充满活力的充满活力的;强健的强健的 p vigorously adv.精神旺盛地精神旺盛地;活泼地活泼地p be full of energy/vigour 精精力充沛力充沛(=be energetic,dynamic)p(work)with(renewed)vigor 以（更加）旺盛的精力（投入工以（更加）旺盛的精力（投入工作）作）take vigorous exercise/action 进行剧烈的
14、运动、采取积极行动进行剧烈的运动、采取积极行动 11.applied to join the expedition 申请参加探险（队）申请参加探险（队）12.turn sb down 拒绝拒绝(某人某人)(=refuse,reject)p turn down an offer/invitation/application/a job(=refuse,decline)p turn down the volume/TV/heating/music/light 把音量、光亮调小、调暗、调低把音量、光亮调小、调暗、调低13.qualified adj.符合资格；具备符合资格；具备的知识的知识(或技能、
15、学历等或技能、学历等)p qualify(sb)as/for/to do sth（使（使)有资格有资格/权利权利;达到标准达到标准p qualification kwlfken U&C 资格资格;资历资历;学历学历p be qualified for.有有的资格的资格p be qualified to do.有有做做.的资格的资格14.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的热情的；热心的p enthusiastically adv.热情地热情地;热心地热心地 p enthusiasm C 热情热情;热心热心p enthusiast C 热心者，爱好者热心者，爱好者;拥护者拥护者(fo
16、r/of)p be enthusiastic about(the idea of)doing sth 对做某事（的想法）感兴趣对做某事（的想法）感兴趣p(do sth)with(great)enthusiasm(=enthusiastically)满腔热情地（做某事）满腔热情地（做某事）a keep-fit/football enthusiast 健身、足球爱好者健身、足球爱好者 an enthusiast of music/for a united Europe 音乐爱好者、统一欧音乐爱好者、统一欧洲的拥护者洲的拥护者 15.go/come along with.随同某人随同某人一起去、来一
17、起去、来16.aboard adv.&prep.在、上在、上 船、飞机、公共汽车等船、飞机、公共汽车等(on board)p be/go/get aboard(the plane/ship/bus/train)在在/登机登机/上船上船/公共汽车公共汽车/火车火车 The plane crashed,killing 200 passengers aboard 造成机、船、造成机、船、车上车上200 乘客死亡乘客死亡 All aboard!请大家上车请大家上车/上船上船/上火车！上火车！p Compare:p get into/out of a car(train/ship)上上/下小车下小车(火
18、车火车/船船)p get on/off a bus(plane/ship/train)上上/下公车下公车(飞机飞机/船船/火车火车)17.Unfortunately,three days after we set off,.不幸的是，我们出发三天不幸的是，我们出发三天 之后之后18.turn(sb/sth)back（使）原路返回，折返；挡回（使）原路返回，折返；挡回pturn(sth)around/round vi.转过身来转过身来;（使）调头使）调头Turning the car _,he headed home.It was late afternoon _ we finally deci
19、ded it was time to turn _.aroundwhen/thatback其它关于动词turn的短语：pturn sth upside down 把某地翻个底朝天把某地翻个底朝天(=turn sth over)；彻底改变彻底改变.(=transform completely)pturn sth in=hand/give sth in上交，提高，呈交上交，提高，呈交pturn sth into/to sth=change.into/to 把把.变成变成.pturn sth on/off=swtich sth on/off 打开、关掉（电、水、气打开、关掉（电、水、气等）等）ptu
20、rn to sb(for advice/help/comfort)向某人（求教向某人（求教/助助/安慰）安慰）pturn to(organic farming)开始改用开始改用pturn to drink/crime/drugs 求助、借助求助、借助 酗酒、犯罪、吸毒酗酒、犯罪、吸毒（解决问题）（解决问题）pturn up vi.（人）（人）露面，到达；露面，到达；（机会（机会/工作工作/情况）情况）（偶然）出现，到来（偶然）出现，到来 vt.把把(the volume/music/light/heating/TV)调大调大/高高pturn right/left/the corner 向右、左
21、拐、拐过街角向右、左拐、拐过街角pturn out well/fine/badly 发展结果顺利、不顺发展结果顺利、不顺pturn out(to be)+n./adj.原来是，结果是原来是，结果是p=It turned out that.pturn(sth)over（使）（使）翻身，翻转过来翻身，翻转过来pturn(sb)against sb/sth（使）（某人）反对、背叛、与（使）（某人）反对、背叛、与.为为pturn sb away(from a house)（因满员）拒绝某人进入（因满员）拒绝某人进入19.assign vt.分派；布置；分配分派；布置；分配;指派指派passignmen
22、t U&C 分派、布置分派、布置（的工作、任务）（的工作、任务）passign sb to be(a steward)/to help with peace-keeping 指派、分配某人做某事（担任服务员、帮助维和）指派、分配某人做某事（担任服务员、帮助维和）passign sb a task/job/room/car/parter=assign a.to sb 给某人布置一个任务给某人布置一个任务/工作；分配一个房间工作；分配一个房间/一辆车；指一辆车；指派一个搭档派一个搭档passign sb to the companys branch 分派某人去分公司分派某人去分公司phand in
23、/complete ones assignment 完成所指派的任务完成所指派的任务pbe/go on an assignment 正在、去执行一项任务正在、去执行一项任务20.steward C（轮船（轮船/飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务员员pstewardess stjudes C （飞机上的）女服务员，（飞机上的）女服务员，空姐空姐;(pl.stewardesses)21.envy sb/sth vt.羡慕；妒忌（某人、物）羡慕；妒忌（某人、物）sb(for)sth 羡慕、妒忌羡慕、妒忌 sb doing sth 羡慕、妒忌某人做某事羡慕、妒忌某人做某事p(hi
24、de)ones envy of(ones success)（掩饰）某人对（别（掩饰）某人对（别人成功的）羡慕人成功的）羡慕p be the envy of sb/sth 成为成为.羡慕羡慕/忌妒的对象忌妒的对象/东西东西p be green with envy/full of envy（某人）非常眼红（某人）非常眼红p(watch/look at.)with envy 羡慕地看着羡慕地看着.(envies,envied,envying)Alice is good-looking,happy,lucky,free,and successful.All the girls envy her.=Ho
25、w all the girls envy(Alice)her good looks,happiness,luck,freedom and success!I had a new car.How my neighours envied me!All my neighours envied(me)my new car.All my neighbours envied me having a new car.All my neighbours were full of envy/green with envy when they saw my new car.All my neighbours wa
26、tched my new car with envy.=My new car was the envy of all my neighbours.It was difficult for all my neighbours to hide their envy of my new car.22.be/become/get stuck/trapped/caught in(the ice/snow/mud/traffic jam)被困在被困在.里里（冰块、雪地、泥地里、交通拥堵里）（冰块、雪地、泥地里、交通拥堵里）23.get crushed by(the ice)被（冰块）挤压坏了被（冰块）挤压
27、坏了pbe crushed to death in the rush to escape 在匆忙逃跑中被挤压之死在匆忙逃跑中被挤压之死a big crush in the theatre bar 剧院酒吧里拥挤不堪的人群剧院酒吧里拥挤不堪的人群24.sink(sank,sunk)vi.下沉下沉/下陷下陷/下降；倒下下降；倒下/坐下；坐下；vt 使沉没使沉没,击沉击沉psink to the bottom of the sea/off the French coast 沉入沉入海底、在法国海岸附近沉没海底、在法国海岸附近沉没psink in the west/behind the clouds（
28、太阳）在西边、云后面落下（太阳）在西边、云后面落下 psink into the mud/chair/seat 陷入泥泞中陷入泥泞中/；坐到椅子、座位上坐到椅子、座位上 psink into poverty/depression/crisis 陷入贫困陷入贫困/危机危机/消沉消沉pbe sunk in(thought)陷入不快（或沉思）中陷入不快（或沉思）中25.ones heart sink 某人心沉下去某人心沉下去(=lose hope)26.abandon(the)ship/the car/city （不得不）舍弃（不得不）舍弃,放弃放弃（某地、交通工具）（某地、交通工具）pabando
29、n ones child（不顾责任、义务）离弃、遗弃、抛弃（不顾责任、义务）离弃、遗弃、抛弃(sb)；pabandon the game/hope of/ones idea of/attempt to do sth（因困难）（因困难）中止中止，放弃（活动、希望、想法、企图、原则等），放弃（活动、希望、想法、企图、原则等）pabandon oneself to(despair/grief)陷入陷入/沉湎于（绝望、悲伤）沉湎于（绝望、悲伤）pThe _(steal)car was found _(abandon)only five miles away.stolen abandoned27.cal
30、mly call us together 平静的把我们召集在一起平静的把我们召集在一起28.rescue our most essential supplies 抢救我们最基本的必需品抢救我们最基本的必需品29.take most of our personal belongings 拿走大部分私人物品拿走大部分私人物品30.keep our spirits/strength/morale up 保持高昂的情绪、旺盛的体力、高昂的士气保持高昂的情绪、旺盛的体力、高昂的士气p raise/lift ones spirits 振奋某人情绪振奋某人情绪p ones spirits sink/rise
31、/lift 某人情绪低落、高兴起来某人情绪低落、高兴起来了了(=become sad or happy)p be in good/high/low spirits 兴高采烈兴高采烈(=be in good heart)情绪低落情绪低落31.be camped/camping on the ice 在冰层上扎营在冰层上扎营32.(things/business)go from bad to worse 每况愈下每况愈下,越来越糟越来越糟(=continue getting worse)p(company/business)go from strength to strength 越来越来越兴旺发
32、达，不断取得成功越兴旺发达，不断取得成功 (=become more and more successful)33.(Sb)be crowded together under/in/into(sp)（某人）（某人）挤在挤在.下面、里面下面、里面p(Sp)be crowded with sb（某地）挤满了（人）（某地）挤满了（人）p crowd/gather around/round(sb/sth)聚集在（聚集在（.）的周）的周围围p(sb)crowd(into)sp/crowd in（某人）涌入（某地）（某人）涌入（某地）p(ideas/thoughts/worries/fears/memor
33、ies)crowd(into)ones mind/brain/crow in(on sb)（思想、担心、往事等）涌入脑海（思想、担心、往事等）涌入脑海We all crowded(into)her office to sing“Happy birthday”.Memories crowded her mind/crowded in(on her).往事涌入她的脑海。往事涌入她的脑海。=Memories came _(crowd)into her mind/_(crowd)in(on her).a crowded street 拥挤的街道拥挤的街道crowdingcrowding22.on th
34、e rocky shore of this miserable place.在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸pmiserable adj.（人、事）（令人）感到痛苦的，难受的，（人、事）（令人）感到痛苦的，难受的，可可伶的伶的 =(making sb)very unhappy or comfortable)pmisery U&C 痛苦，苦难，困苦痛苦，苦难，困苦(=great suffering)；愁苦，悲苦愁苦，悲苦(=great unhappiness)pmiserably adv.痛苦地痛苦地;艰苦地艰苦地;令令人难受地人难受地;悲惨地悲惨地pmake life mise
35、rable for sbp=make ones life a misery 使某人的日子不好过使某人的日子不好过 I spent the weekend feeling miserable.=I spent a miserable weekend 一个惨兮兮的周末一个惨兮兮的周末_ we are witnessing here is human _ on a vastscale(大规模地大规模地).Whatmisery23.the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it.这次航行这次航行太危险太艰难以至于我
36、们不能成功。太危险太艰难以至于我们不能成功。1)voyage C&vi.航海航海,航行航行 (make)a long journey in a ship or spacecraft pmake/take/go on a voyage=voyage to/across/around 去去/横渡横渡./环绕环绕航行航行 to do sth(to conqur the world)航海去做某事航海去做某事 Going to college can be an absorbing voyage of discovery.上大学可能是一场有趣的发现之旅。上大学可能是一场有趣的发现之旅。24.have/t
37、here be/with (a faint/some/much/no/little)hope/chance/possibility of (rescue/survival/success/winning.)that.(同位语从句同位语从句)有（微弱、有些、有很大、没有、没什么）有（微弱、有些、有很大、没有、没什么）.希望、可能性希望、可能性 It was a desperate plan,_ little hope of success._ is a faint hope that the two sides will reach an agreement.Perhaps there is a
38、 chance(that)we will return home,after all.phave/give/offer/give up/lose/abandon hope of sth/doing sth that.抱有、带来、放弃、失去、放弃抱有、带来、放弃、失去、放弃.的希望的希望withThere25.feel low/down 情绪低落情绪低落(=am in low spirits,feel sad or unhappy)26.(a)decent food/meal/job/salary/place to live 不错的食物不错的食物/饭菜；饭菜；像样的工作、工资、住处像样的工作、工
39、资、住处pdecent citizens/people 正派的、守规矩的市民、人正派的、守规矩的市民、人pa decent jacket 得体的夹克得体的夹克27.a cosy bedroom 温暖舒适的卧室温暖舒适的卧室 =a small,warm and comfortable bedroom28.These happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.这些快乐的回忆很快被突如其来的冷空气打断这些快乐的回忆很快被突如其来的冷空气打断1)关于memories（往事）经典表达:(Happy)Memories
40、of my childhood flooded/came flooding back(to me.)When I saw the pictures,the memories came flooding back.The photos/pictures/songs bring back lots of good menmories.2)(feel)a sudden cold rush of air/wind/water （感到）一股突如其来的冷空气、冷风、水流（感到）一股突如其来的冷空气、冷风、水流p(feel)a(sudden)rush of anger/excitement/gratitud
41、e/fear （突然感到）一阵愤怒、兴奋、感激、害怕（突然感到）一阵愤怒、兴奋、感激、害怕pmake a rush for sp 向向.冲、奔去冲、奔去pbe in a rush/hurry 正在赶时间、匆忙中正在赶时间、匆忙中29.hold on vi.（危险或困难中）坚持下去（危险或困难中）坚持下去 等一会儿等一会儿(=wait a moment)；别挂电话别挂电话 抓紧不放抓紧不放(to sb/sth)30.go turning into another Tom 变成另一个汤姆变成另一个汤姆31.(be)after sb（顺序、重要性）在（顺序、重要性）在.之后，除之后，除.之外之外Ch
42、ina is now the third country,_ the Soviet Union and USA,_(send)human into space.=hang onafterto send32.be/become bad/ill-tempered/good-tempered （变得）脾气差、好（变得）脾气差、好pkeep/control/lose ones temper 耐住性子耐住性子/忍住怒火；忍住怒火；控制脾气；发火控制脾气；发火pbe in a(bad)temper 正在生气、正在气头上正在生气、正在气头上33.a/ones genuine concern for othe
43、rs 真正关心他人真正关心他人The reforms are motivated by a genuine concern for the disabled.a/ones genuine interest in sth/desire for sth 真正对真正对.感兴趣、对感兴趣、对.的渴望的渴望34.(strengthen)ones resolve/resolution(to find out the truth)（坚定）某人的决心、信念（坚定）某人的决心、信念presolve an issue/problem/conflict/dispute/crisis =solve,settle.解决问题、冲突、争端、危机解决问题、冲突、争端、危机 Homework
