1、2022非谓语动词（1）做主语、表语、宾语非谓语动词概述非谓语动词概述一个简单句一个简单句只能有一个动词一个动词做谓语谓语，这个动词叫谓语动词谓语动词；在这个简单句中，其他没有做谓语的动词，不管有多少个，都不能做谓语，这些动词就叫非谓语动词非谓语动词。形式：形式：动词不定式动词不定式to do；动名词；动名词doing；分词；分词(现在分词现在分词doing,过去分词过去分词done)功能：功能：谓语动词作谓语，非谓语动词作谓语动词作谓语，非谓语动词作除谓语以外除谓语以外的成分，的成分，主宾表定状补主宾表定状补。非谓语动词概述非谓语动词概述一、非谓语动词的形式一、非谓语动词的形式不定式（注意省
2、略了不定式（注意省略了to的情况）的情况）种类种类时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态不定式一般式(将来)to doto be done进行式(同时)to be doingX完成式(完成)to have doneto have been done完成进行式(发生在过去,持续到现在,有可能继续持续下去)to have been doing X否定式：否定式：以上形式以上形式前加前加notnot。非谓语动词概述非谓语动词概述一、非谓语动词的功能一、非谓语动词的功能不定式（注意省略了不定式（注意省略了to的情况）的情况）例句例句主语主语It is kind of you to help me.宾
3、语宾语They decided to change their mind.宾语补足语宾语补足语He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.定语定语He is always the first to come and the last to leave.表语表语Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.状语状语Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.非谓语动词概述非谓语动词概述二、非谓语动词
4、的形式二、非谓语动词的形式动名词动名词种类种类时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态动名词一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：否定式：以上形式以上形式前加前加notnot。非谓语动词概述非谓语动词概述二、非谓语动词的功能二、非谓语动词的功能动名词动名词例句例句主语主语Talking is easier than doing.My opening the door annoyed him.宾语宾语He enjoys swimming in summer.He is fond of swimming in summer.表语表语
5、My job/hobby is painting.Seeing is believing.定语定语There is a swimming pool in our school.(功能，用途)动名词作定语：动名词作定语：表功能。可转化为n.+for+动名词。Eg.sleeping pills现在分词作定语：现在分词作定语：可理解为adj.，表属性、特征，可转为定从。Eg.a moving film非谓语动词概述非谓语动词概述三、非谓语动词的形式三、非谓语动词的形式分词分词种类种类时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态现在现在分词分词一般式doingbeing done完成式having don
6、ehaving been done过去过去分词分词一般式 Xdone否定式：否定式：以上形式以上形式前加前加notnot。非谓语动词概述非谓语动词概述三、非谓语动词的功能三、非谓语动词的功能分词分词例句例句定语定语 I have never seen a more moving movie.Things lost never come again.状语状语 He glanced at her,noticing that she was thin.(结果)The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随)补语补语 He wat
7、ched a spider making a web.Tom had his leg broken while playing football.表语表语 The film is exciting.He was excited at the news.非谓语动词非谓语动词做主语做主语,表语表语非谓语动词的功能非谓语动词的功能种类种类主语主语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语定语定语状语状语不定式不定式VVVVVV动名词动名词VV VV 现在现在分词分词 VVVV过去过去分词分词 VVVV非谓语动词做主语、表语非谓语动词做主语、表语主语：主语：主语即动作的发出者，或表述的对象，一般放在句首。(不定式、动名
8、词)表语：表语：表语表述主语的身份、特征或状态，位于系动词之后。(不定式、动名词、分词)一、不定式、动名词作主语、表语的区别一、不定式、动名词作主语、表语的区别用法用法例句例句不定式不定式表示具体具体的动作，尤其是某一次某一次的动作Your task today is to washthe curtains.你今天的任务是洗窗帘。动名词动名词多指抽象抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次多次的、经常的、经常性的行为His favorite sport is swimming.他最喜欢的运动是游泳Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火会很危险。二、下列句型中常用动名词作主语
9、二、下列句型中常用动名词作主语no use/good not any use/goodIt is/wasof little use/good +doing sth.worth Eg.It is worth making an appointment before you go.去之前预约一下是值得的。三、下列句型中常用不定式作主语三、下列句型中常用不定式作主语It+be+名词+to do sth.It takes/took sb.+some time+to do sth.It+be+difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary.+for sb.to
10、 do sth.It+be+careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/stupid/wise.+of sb.+to do sth.三、下列句型中常用不定式作主语三、下列句型中常用不定式作主语Its our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。How long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多长时间完成这项工作的？It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hou
11、r.我们难以在一小时内完成这篇作文。It is stupid of you to write down everything(that)the teacher says.你把老师说的所有东西都记下来是很愚蠢的。四、现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别四、现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别类别类别用法用法例句例句现在分词现在分词表特征，意为“令人的”The film is exciting.这部电影激动人心。过去分词过去分词表心理状态，意为“（人）感到 的”He was excited at the news.听到这则消息，他激动不已。五、非谓语动词作五、非谓语动词作remain的表语的表语1.主语主语+
12、remain+doing/done 仍然是仍然是(remain=be still)She remained standing(=was still standing)though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。The true author of the book remains unknown(=is still unknown).这本书真正的作者依然不详。五、非谓语动词作五、非谓语动词作remain的表语的表语2.主语主语+remain+to be done 仍需被做仍需被做 Much remains to
13、 be done.许多事仍需去做技巧点拨技巧点拨非谓语动非谓语动词作主语、词作主语、表语表语句型句型判断法判断法功能功能判断法判断法根据句型，对号入座根据句型，对号入座作表语作表语作主语作主语“感到感到的的”-done“令人令人的的”-doing具体、某一次：具体、某一次：to do抽象、习惯性：抽象、习惯性：doing找逻主，找逻主，辨主被，辨主被，分先后。分先后。练习：非谓语做主语、表语练习：非谓语做主语、表语1.These days,it is not unusual for 10-to-12-year-old to publish their own websites or for s
14、econd and third graders _(begin)computer classes.2.Above all,I have come to understand that_(bring)happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.3_(send)yellow roses can be risky,as they represent either friendship or envy.4.It is_(shock)that some investment banks even judge candidates by wheth
15、er they wear brown shoes.5.No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when its better _(remain)silent.to beginbringingSendingshockingto remain非谓语动词非谓语动词做宾语做宾语非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语宾语：宾语：宾语是动作、行为的对象，一般位于及物动词或介宾语是动作、行为的对象，一般位于及物动词或介词之后。词之后。非谓语动词做宾语：非谓语动词做宾语：句子的宾语部分由非谓语动词构成。句子的宾语部分由非谓语动词构成。结构：结构：1
16、.主语+谓语+to do/doing2.介词+doing/being done考点考点1：v.+to do此外，afford,strive,happen(碰巧)，wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。决心学会想希望决心学会想希望 decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish拒绝设法愿假装拒绝设法愿假装 refuse,manage,care,pretend主动答应选计划主动答应选计划 offer,promise,choose,plan同意请求帮一帮同意请求帮一帮 agree,ask/beg,help考点考点2：v.+doing考虑建议盼原谅考
17、虑建议盼原谅consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon承认推迟没得想承认推迟没得想admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象，设想)避免错过继续练避免错过继续练avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice否认完成就欣赏否认完成就欣赏deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险禁止想象才冒险forbid,imagine,risk不禁介意准逃亡不禁介意准逃亡cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape考点考点2：v.+doing注意：注意：allow,
18、permit,forbid,advise,consider后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补。allowpermitforbid +adviseconsiderdoing sth.(动名词作宾语宾语)sb.to do sth.(不定式作宾补宾补)have(no/much/some/.)difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in),take pleasure in 喜欢做某事spend time/money(in)waste time(in)浪费时间做be worth 值得做be busy 忙于做feel like 想要做某事be comm
19、itted to 致力于考点考点2：v.+doing考点考点3：v.+to do/doing意义差别大：forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)stop to do 停止(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做事go on to do 继续(去做另外一件事情)go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)考点考点3：v.+to do/doingregret to
20、 do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regret doing sth.对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)try to do 努力、企图做try doing 试验、试一试某种办法mean to do (人)打算,有意要mean doing (物)意味着cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事忘记停止，继续努力，意味着不后悔。考点考点4：prep.+doing/being doneEg.My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot
21、by selling the fish.They did all this without being paid.考点考点4：prep.to固定搭配固定搭配to既可以作介词，又可以作不定式符号，因此要牢记含介既可以作介词，又可以作不定式符号，因此要牢记含介词词to的常用短语。含的常用短语。含介词介词to的常用短语：的常用短语：be used to(习惯于)be accustomed to(习惯于)be opposed to(反对)object to(反对)lead to(导致)be devoted to(献身于)come close to(差点)stick to(坚持，坚守)get down
22、to(开始)pay attention to(注意)reduce sb./sth.to(使沦落)考点考点4：prep.to固定搭配固定搭配He is used to getting up early.他习惯了很早起床。Heart failure can sometimes lead to being killed.心力衰竭有时可能会导致死亡。I was so angry that I came close to hitting him.我如此生气以至于差点儿打他。He was reduced to begging in the streets.他沦落到沿街乞讨。考点考点5：need,want,
23、requireneed,want,require即可以用动名词也可用不定式作宾语，即可以用动名词也可用不定式作宾语，但用法不同。但用法不同。sth.need(s)/want(s)/require(s)doing(主动形式表被动意义)sth.need(s)/want(s)/require(s)to be done.Eg.The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.这扇窗户需要擦一下。sb.need(s)to do sth.Eg.He needs to leave at once.sb.want(s)to do sth.Eg.David wants to pla
24、y basketball.考点考点5：need,want,requireHe is used to getting up early.他习惯了很早起床。Heart failure can sometimes lead to being killed.心力衰竭有时可能会导致死亡。I was so angry that I came close to hitting him.我如此生气以至于差点儿打他。He was reduced to begging in the streets.他沦落到沿街乞讨。考点考点6：deserve,be worth,be worthy(of)deserve+deser
25、ve,be worth,be worthy(of)即可以用动名词，也可以即可以用动名词，也可以用不定式作宾语，但用法不同。用不定式作宾语，但用法不同。doingto be donebe worthy+to be doneof being done be worth doing(主动形式表被动意义)The place is worth visiting.=The place is worthy to be visited.=The place is worthy of being visited.这个地方值得参观。考点考点7：前有前有do，后无，后无to1.We could do nothing
26、 but wait.=We had nothing to do but wait.我们除了等待，什么也做不了。2.We had no choice but to wait.我们除了等待，别无选择。动词不定式在连词动词不定式在连词but后面时，如果连词后面时，如果连词之前有之前有行为动词行为动词do的某种形式，那么连词后的不定式的某种形式，那么连词后的不定式不带不带to，否则否则就要就要带带to。技巧点拨技巧点拨非谓语动非谓语动词作宾语词作宾语作作介词介词宾语宾语只接只接不定式不定式作宾语的动词后作宾语的动词后to do只接只接动名词动名词作宾语的动词后作宾语的动词后doing接不定式和动名词接
27、不定式和动名词作宾语作宾语意义不同意义不同非谓语动词非谓语动词先于先于谓语动词发生：谓语动词发生：doing非谓语动词非谓语动词后于后于谓语动词发生：谓语动词发生：to dodoing注意注意“to”的身份识别的身份识别动名词动名词作宾语，作宾语，主主动动形式形式表被动表被动意义意义want/need/require/deserve/be worth练习：非谓语作宾语练习：非谓语作宾语1.Scientists have responded by _(note)that hungry bears may he congregating(聚集)around human settlements.2.
28、I still remember _(visit)a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learned she hadnt cooked once in all that time.3.Once his message was delivered,he allowed me_(stay)and watch.4.Isnt it time you get down to _(mark)the papers?5.We have to admit_(make)a serious error before,for we are far behind at present.6.Any country cant escape _(punish)if it attempts to destroy the interests of other countries.notingvisitingto staymarkinghaving madebeing punished种类种类时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态动名词 一般式 doingbeing done完成式 having donehaving been done
