1、1.the contribution these people made to society contribution n.贡献，捐献贡献，捐献contribute v.贡献，有助于，投稿贡献，有助于，投稿make contributions/a contribution to为为做出贡献做出贡献contribute to/towards 把把贡献给贡献给contribute to doing sth.导致，有助于导致，有助于(1)Everyone on the team contributed to winning the game.(2)It is our duty to make co
2、ntributions to our motherland.2.The amount of relief and comfort experienced byrelief n.减轻，缓解减轻，缓解 relieve v.解除，减轻，缓解解除，减轻，缓解in relief 如释重负，松了口气如释重负，松了口气to ones relief 令某人令某人It is a relief to do sth.做某事令人放松做某事令人放松relieve sb.of sth.帮助某人减轻帮助某人减轻(1)When he heard had had passed the exam,he smiled in rel
3、ief.(2)It will relieve her of a huge burden.3.Freshwater shortageshortage n.短缺短缺，不足不足，常，常与与of连用连用eg The shortage of oil will probably drive prices up.4.Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.effective adj.有效的有效的;产生预期效果产生预期效果的的effect n.作用，影响作用，影响aff
4、ect v.作用，影响作用，影响become effective 开始生效开始生效have an/not effect on/upon 对对有有/没有影响没有影响bring/carry/putinto effect 使使生效生效put/come into effect 生效，开始实施生效，开始实施(1)The new rules should be put into effect as soon as possible.(2)Keeping a diary in English is one of the most _(effect)to improve our English writing
5、 ability.effective5.As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy,Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldnt get enough clean water.that引导同位语从句对名词引导同位语从句对名词words作解释说明作解释说明。that引导的同位语从句多位于引导的同位语从句多位于idea,fact,evidence,hope,belief,wish,do
6、ubt,news,advice,suggestion,promise 等等表示抽象意义的名词之后，用于解释说明这些名词表示抽象意义的名词之后，用于解释说明这些名词的的具体内容。具体内容。eg There is no doubt that he would pass the exam.have trouble(in)doing sth:做某事有困难做某事有困难have no trouble(in)doing sth:做某事没困难做某事没困难eg We had no trouble finding the address.developing countries 发展中国家发展中国家develop
7、ed countries 发达国家发达国家在分词作定语的用法中，在分词作定语的用法中，现在分词现在分词常常表示动作常常表示动作“未完成未完成或正在进行或正在进行”；过去分词过去分词可以表示动作可以表示动作“已经完成已经完成”。eg the boiling water 正在煮沸的水正在煮沸的水 the boiled water 开水开水 the falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶正在飘落的树叶 the fallen leaves 落叶落叶6.He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain.It was very close
8、-only ten steps away.drinking fountain 饮用水喷水池饮用水喷水池v.-ing can be used to tell the use of the modified noun.a washing machinea walking sticka swimming pool一台洗衣机一台洗衣机一根拐杖一根拐杖一个游泳池一个游泳池earn a fortune 挣大钱挣大钱earn ones own living 自食其力自食其力earn/make a living by/from 靠靠谋生谋生earn短语短语earn a reputation 赢得声誉赢得声誉7
9、.At first,his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.1)He did all sorts of jobs to _.他为谋生什么活都干。他为谋生什么活都干。2)The company has _ for reliability.公司已赢得可靠的声誉。公司已赢得可靠的声誉。earn a living earned a reputation 8.He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuade
10、d them to donate money.persuade vt.劝说，说服劝说，说服persuade sb.to do sth.=persuade sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事说服某人做某事persuade sb.not to do sth.=persuade sb.out of doing sth.劝阻劝阻某人某人做某事做某事persuade sb.of sth.使使某人相信某事某人相信某事e.g.Dont be persuaded to buy things you dont really need.9.He also saw hundreds of delig
11、hted students who had turned out to welcome him.turn out出席；参加出席；参加turn out(to be)+adj 最后结果是最后结果是/最终成为最终成为 eg It was a difficult time,but eventually things turned out to be all right.10.He really had made a difference for these children.He broke into a joyful smile.make a difference有作用；有有作用；有影响影响e.g.
12、Whatever you can do can make a difference.make some/no/little difference(to)(对对)有有/没有没有/几乎没有作用或影响几乎没有作用或影响tell the difference between区分区分/辨别辨别之间的差异之间的差异there is no difference 没有区别没有区别there is a world of difference 区别很大区别很大spot the difference 看到区别看到区别with a difference 引人注目引人注目,与众不同与众不同 difference短语短语
13、set aside 留出留出set down 放下；写下放下；写下set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引发出发，动身；使爆炸；引发set about 着手，开始着手，开始set out 启程；动身启程；动身11.Later,Ryans experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.set up 建立建立【语境应用语境应用】用用set短语的正确形式填空。短语的正确形式填空。1)We _ discussing when and how we should finish the task.2)An
14、y movement could have _ the bomb.3)Try to _ some time each day for exercise.4)The band are _ on a European tour in March.5)She plans to _ her own business.set upset offset aboutset asidesetting out12.Today,over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift o
15、f clean,safe water.benefit n./v.好处好处，益处益处;有益于有益于beneficial adj.有益的，有好处的有益的，有好处的benefit from 得益于；从得益于；从受益受益have the benefit of 有有的好处的好处for sbs benefit 为了某人的益处，帮助某人为了某人的益处，帮助某人be of benefit to.对对有有好处好处【语境应用语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。1)众所周知，运动有益于我们的健康。众所周知，运动有益于我们的健康。As we all know,exercise _ _ _.2)我们得益于每天做操。我们得益于每天做操。We _ _ daily exercises.3)她待在国外因生病而未得到多大好处。她待在国外因生病而未得到多大好处。Because of illness,she didnt _ _ _ _ her stay abroad.benefits our healthbenefit from/by get much benefit from
