1、UNIT 3 The world of scienceSection AStarting out&Understanding ideas课文结构图解课文预习自测 阅读理解阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案）1.Whats the passage mainly about?A.The publishing of a new book.B.Four great inventions in Ancient China.C.The changes in the invention today.D.What inspires a man to invent something.2.Why does Ri
2、chard mention the four great inventions in Ancient China?A.To prove the golden ages of invention in history.B.To tell us the importance of the four great inventions.C.To share his knowledge about the four great inventions.D.To compare them with the great Western inventions.3.What new inventions are
3、NOT mentioned in the text?A.Virtual reality and wearable tech.B.The flexible battery and the 3D printers.C.The inventions made by Richard.D.The replacements of human organs.4.What is Richards attitude to inventing a time machine?A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Critical.D.Optimistic.5.What do we know about
4、 the new great inventions today?A.All of them are tech-based.B.Computer technology helps a lot.C.The solar technology is always eco-friendly.D.A solution to a problem is an invention.语法填空语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文）According to Dr Richard Fairhurst，whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been publ
5、ished，there have been 1（gold）ages of invention throughout history.Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China：gunpowder，papermaking，2（print）and the compass.These things 3（change）the world forever.Then there were the great Western inventions：the steam engine，the telephone and the radio.And no
6、w，most of the new great inventions are tech-based.For example，advances in virtual reality and 4 （wear）tech，as well as the flexible battery，mean we should soon be seeing 5（far）developments.In addition，important advances have been made in medicine and 6 （environment）science thanks to increasing comput
7、er power.New inventions 7 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.In terms of the environment，8 is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.Dr Richard Fairhurst，an 9（invent）himself，holds the view that most inventions start with recognising a problem 10 needs a
8、 solution.But the real spirit of invention is that we have an incredible desire to think and create.goldenprintingchangedwearable further environmental likeitinventorthat/which 概要写作概要写作 阅读课文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。_ One possible version：Dr Richard Fairhurst，an inventor and the author of The New Age of
9、Invention，thinks there have been golden ages of invention throughout history.For example，there were four great inventions in Ancient China and great Western inventions.Today most of the new great inventions are tech-based.And most inventions start with recognising a problem needing a solution.But th
10、e real spirit of invention is an incredible desire to think and create.核心词汇 教材原句p.25 Presently I am going to press the lever，and o the machine will go.现在我要按一下操纵杆，机器就要开动了。1 press v.按，压；催促，敦促n.新闻报道，评论In case of emergency，press the button and break the glass.万一遇到紧急情况，按下按钮并击碎玻璃。The committee pressed him
11、 to reveal more information.委员会敦促他透露更多信息。The play has had a good/bad press.这部戏受到新闻界的好评/批评。【单词积累单词积累】pressure n.压力under pressure 承受压力；被迫reduce pressure 减轻压力put pressure on sb.向某人施压 题组练领悟方法 单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Michael took a few steps backwards and pressed his back the wall.（2）They are pressing us （make）a
12、quick decision.完成句子完成句子（3）Im （承受压力）from my parents to become a teacher.（4）The company may have （向她施加压力）to agree.（5）Developing a habit of playing team sports can （减轻压力）and keep fit.againstto makeunder pressureput pressure on herreduce pressure教材原句p.25 A faint blue light shot across it，darkening to pu
13、rple.一道微弱的蓝光穿过它，渐渐暗成紫色 2 shoot v.&n.（1）v.射出（光、亮等），放射；射杀，射伤；拍摄；射门；冲，奔A woman was shot dead in an attempted robbery.一名女子在一桩抢劫未遂案中中枪身亡。He shot from the middle of the field and still managed to score.他在中场投篮，仍成功得分。She shot past me several metres before the finishing line.她在离终点线几米时冲刺超过了我。（2）n.嫩芽，新枝；拍摄new
14、green shoots 绿色的新芽 a fashion shoot 时装摄影 【单词积累单词积累】shot n.开枪；射球；照片；镜头 take a shot at 对开枪 take a shot of 给拍照 单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）He ordered her to shoot the apple with one of her arrows.（2）The cruel man took a （shoot）at the camel，but missed.（3）The murderer shot the expert in back and stole the document fro
15、m his suitcase.（4）I took shot of the beautiful scenery in the desert.完成句子完成句子（5）As the birds rise，the hunters （向它们射击）.（6）He admitted that he had （打中了熊的腿）.atshottheashoot at themshot the bear in the leg教材原句p.26 For example，advances in virtual reality and wearable tech，as well as the flexible battery，
16、mean we should soon be seeing further developments.比如说，虚拟现实、可穿戴科技设备与柔性电池技术的进步意味着我们很快会看到更多相关领域的产品研发。3 as well as（1）用作连词，连接并列成分，意为“不但而且，既 又”。We expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.我们不仅期望她照看孩子，而且期望她做家务。（2）用作介词，意为“除了之外”，后面接名词或动名词，相当于in addition to，besides，apart from。As well
17、 as knowing some Russian，she speaks English very well.除了懂一些俄语外，她英语说得也不错。（3）构成同级比较，意为“和一样好”。You look as well as you did ten years ago.你的身体看起来还和十年前一样好。【学法点拨学法点拨】A as well as B 强调A，作主语时，谓语动词与A 保持一致。not only A but also B 强调B，作主语时，谓语动词与B 保持一致。Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.=Not only you but a
18、lso your wife is friendly to me.不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）As well as （play）the piano，the actress can sing well.（2）A museum should aim to entertain as well as （educate）.（3）Helen as well as I （be）eager to read the adventure stories.（4）I as well as they （be）unable to recognise our old teacher.（5）N
19、ot only I but also Mary （make）a living by teaching.一句多译一句多译玛丽和我都填写了一张表格。（6）（as well as）（7）（not only.but also.）playingeducateisammakesMary as well as I has filled out a form.Not only I but also Mary has filled out a form.教材原句p.27 In addition，important advances have been made in medicine and environme
20、ntal science thanks to increasing computer power.此外，得益于不断强化的计算机能力，医药与环境科学也取得了重要进展。4 in addition 除此之外，另外In addition，its best for you to forgive and forget.此外，你最好还是不念旧恶。词汇复现 The company provides free service in addition.另外，该公司还提供免费服务。【词语辨析词语辨析】in addition 与 in addition to 选词填空（选词填空（in addition/in addi
21、tion to）（1）I can post the letter for you.，doing some walking does me good.（2）the names on the list，there are six other applicants.完成句子完成句子（3）The products are of high quality.（另外），the price is low.（4）（除了游泳），she likes playing the guitar.In addition In addition toIn addition In addition to swimming教材原句
22、p.27 In terms of the environment，it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.在环境领域，建造智能可移动房屋现在已成为可能。5 in terms of 就而言，在方面；根据，依照 搭配：搭配：describe/measure/evaluate sth.in terms of sth.根据描述/衡量/评价 In terms of environmental protection，he governed this region very well.在环境保护方面，他把这个地区治理得很好。It i
23、s a small country both in terms of size and population.就面积和人口而言，它都是个小国。It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.人们普遍认为应该根据学生的综合素质来评价学生。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】be on good/bad terms（with sb.）（与某人）关系好/不好 in the long/short term 从长期/短期来看 单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Tom is superior to
24、John terms of competence.（2）Learning is not always easy，but it is always good the long term.完成句子完成句子（3）You can choose landscapes or paintings （根据）your own taste.（4）They （与 关系好）their neighbours ever since they moved there.in in in terms ofhave been on good terms with教材原句p.27 It is capable of using GP
25、S technology to travel to different places，with computing technology controlling its“legs”.它能依靠全球定位系统技术四处移动，计算机技术则控制着它的“双腿”。6 capable adj.有能力的；能力强的，能干的Im perfectly capable of doing it myself.我完全有能力自己做这项工作。a strong capable woman一个坚强能干的女人 We need to get an assistant whos capable and efficient.我们需要一个能力
26、强、效率高的助理。Ill leave the organization in your capable hands.我要把这个组织交给你这位能手。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）A force-ten wind is capable of （blow）the roofs off houses.（2）Im going away next week，so Ill be leaving everything your capable hands.完成句子完成句子（3）Actually，we （有能力阻止）the disease from spreading.（4）The company （没有能力）d
27、ealing with an order that large.blowinginare capable of preventingisnt capable of 教材原句p.27 Now，reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles.现在，能源供应紧缩与环境污染推动了新能源汽车技术的进一步发展。7 lead to 导致，造成；通向，通往（to 是介词）The long hot summer has le
28、d to serious water shortages.漫长的炎热夏天导致了严重的水资源短缺。词汇复现 The winding drive leads to the top of the hill.蜿蜒的车道通往山顶。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】“导致，引起”的多种表达：（1）lead to 客观描述结果，好坏结果都可用。（2）result in 侧重强调所造成的结果，通常是不良或消极的结果。Staying up late can result in a series of health problems.熬夜会导致一系列健康问题。（3）bring about 多指“带来”某种变化、好处等，或“导致
29、”“造成”某种问题、不良结果等。The Internet has brought about many changes in our work，study and life.互联网已经给我们的工作、学习和生活带来了许多变化。（4）contribute to 本义是“对作贡献”，在不好的方面作贡献引 申出“造成”“导致”的意思，用于好的方面则表示“促成”“有助于”。Cigarette smoking is believed to be a major factor contributing to lung cancer.吸烟被认为是导致肺癌的一个主要因素。词汇复现 完成句子完成句子（1）War
30、never settles anything.It only （导致暴力）.（2）As we all know，bad eating habits and a lack of exercise may （造成健康问题）.（3）It doesnt matter whether you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads _（通向公园）.选词填空（选词填空（lead to/result in/bring about/contribute to）（4）Proper rest and enough sleep longevity.（5）Yoga i
31、s an exercise to a state of calm.（6）This condition can other health issues such as diabetes，high blood pressure，heart attacks and strokes.leads to violence lead to health problemslead to the park contribute to bring about lead to/result in/bring about/contribute to教材原句p.27 But what remains important
32、 is that we have an incredible desire to think and create，and thats the real spirit of invention.不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。8 desire n.欲望，渴望v.渴望，期望I have no desire to cause my companion any trouble.我不想给我的同伴带来任何麻烦。People with disabilities desire to live a normal life.残疾人渴望过正常的生活。词汇复现 【
33、误区警示误区警示】desire 后的名词性从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Fashion is a competitive and hard business where peoples desire new ideas is hard to satisfy.（2）It is desired that the expert （come）at once.完成句子完成句子（3）I （不想惹任何麻烦）.（4）She （极其渴望）to go back to her home country before she died.fo
34、r（should）come have no desire to cause any troublehad a burning/strong desire重点句式 教材原句p.26 There have been golden ages of invention throughout history.纵观历史，我们经历过很多发明创造的黄金时代。1 There have/has been.（there be 句型的现在完成时）There has been a decrease in traffic accidents.交通事故减少了。Could I ask you if there have be
35、en any further problems?我想问您一下，是否还有其他的问题？词汇复现 【学法点拨学法点拨】there be 句型可以用于多种时态，基本结构是“there+be 的各种 时态”。There is a map of China on the wall.墙上有一幅中国地图。（一般现在时）There were some children swimming in the river.一些小孩在河里游泳。（一般过去时）There is going to be rain soon.马上就要下雨了。（一般将来时）There will be thousands of football fa
36、ns in London next month.下个月伦敦将有成千上万的足球迷。（一般将来时）There have been two shops and a hospital here.这里已经有两家商店和一家医院了。（现在完成时）There would be endless rows if I was at home.如果我在家的话会有吵不完的架。（过去将来时）单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）There （be）a building at the corner.（2）There （be）a plan for the project tomorrow.（3）There （be）going to
37、be a film in our school this weekend.（4）The teacher said there （be）a football match on TV this evening.（5）There （be）many such accidents this year.（6）There （be）lots of complaints about the boys，but none about the smoke.（7）There （be）a lively interest in the elections in the last two weeks.iswill be/is
38、 going to beiswould behave beenwere/arehas been教材原句p.27 It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places，with computing technology controlling its“legs”.它能依靠全球定位系统技术四处移动，计算机技术则控制着它的“双腿”。2 with 复合结构 构成：with+宾语+宾语补足语常在句中充当状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等，还可以作定语。具体形式主要有：（1）with+宾语+现在分词（作状语，现在分词表
39、主动和进行）With prices going up so fast，we cant buy a house of our own.由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起自己的房子。（2）with+宾语+过去分词（作状语，过去分词表被动和完成）She had to walk home with her bike stolen.她的自行车被偷了，她只好步行回家。（3）with+宾语+不定式（作状语，不定式表将来）With so many things to deal with，I cant go on holiday.有那么多事情要处理，我不能去度假。（4）with+宾语+介词短语（作状语或定语）He w
40、as asleep with his head on his arms.他枕着胳膊睡着了。The woman with a baby in her arms is Li Pings mother.怀里抱着小孩的那个妇女是李平的母亲。（5）with+宾语+形容词/副词（作状语）It was cold outside；the boy ran into the room with his nose red.外面很冷，小男孩儿跑进房间，鼻子红红的。With her sister out，she had to stay at home alone.她的姐姐出去了，她不得不独自待在家里。单句语法填空单句语
41、法填空（1）The manager came in with his assistant （follow）him.（2）With a lot of problems （settle），I cant go skating with you.（3）With all the work （finish），they hurried back home for lunch.（4）2020 江苏卷Then one perfect Amazonian evening，with monkeys （call）from beyond the village green，we played soccer.（5）A y
42、oung lady came up to me some literature books in her hand.（6）The old man walked in with a stick his hand.followingto settlefinishedcallingwithin 完成句子完成句子（7）（有这么多作业要做），her playtime is now very limited.（8）Do you know the lady （怀里抱着一个婴儿）?（9）词 汇 复 现 W e c o m p l e t e l y r e s o l v e d t h e p r o b l e m w i t h （使用了很多科学的方法）.With so much homework to do with a baby in her arms many scientific methods used
