1、单单词词课课堂堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness.Vygotsky教材教材版本：版本：新外研新外研册别单元：必修册别单元：必修三三 Unit 5(Developing ideas)本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理1.servantserve(服务)+-ant(人)2.charge一词多义：词源义和基本义是“负荷”词块：charge for sth,charge sb(for)sth,charge sb with(doing)sth;in charge of,take charge of,free of charge派生词：charger3.c
2、aptain来自词根 cap(头)，词源同 chief，一词多义：基本义“领导者”4.aheada-(副词前缀)+head(头部)前头、在前词块：ahead of5.permitper-(through 通过)+mit(to send 送)送过去使通过 许可；准许词块：permit sb(to do)sth,time/weather permitting,if time/weather permits近义词：allow(permit是正式用语；指天气、时间等客观因素允许时，只能用permit)派生词：permission6.fascinated词族：fascinate,fascinated(分
3、词形容词),fascination,fascinating(分词形容词)7.chapter隐喻：具体的“篇章”抽象的“（历史或人生的）重要篇章”8.relatere-(back,向后、往回)+-lat(to bring/carry 拿、带)+-e，词源义和基本义是“带回 (carry back)”词块：relate to词族：relate,related,relation,relationship,unrelated9.astonish词族：astonish,astonishing(分词形容词),astonishment,astonished(分词形容词)10.consumecon-(表示强调
4、)+sume(to take 拿)完全拿走 消耗派生词：consumer,consumption11.distinguish dis-(apart 分开)+-sting(刺、做标记)分开标记 区别；辨认词块：distinguish A from B派生词：distinguished12.graduallygradual+-lygradual：gradu-(step 步、级)+-al(形容词后缀)一步一步的 逐渐的(同根词：grade,graduate)13.surround词块：be surrounded by派生词：surrounding,surroundings14.intensityin
5、tense(adj 强烈的)+-ity15.depth来自deep(联系length,width,strength)词块：in depth词族：deep,deepen,deeply,depth16.broad一词多义：基本义“宽的”；反义词：narrow词块：in broad daylight,a broad smile派生词：broadly,broaden17.beneath正式用语，对应underbe-(by)+neath(below)在之下18.resident词块：rural/urban residents19.male正式用语(对应 man)拓展female(对应woman)英语释义
6、英语释义搭配义搭配义重重难难点点词词精精讲讲charge一词多义一词多义熟词生义熟词生义permitsurround一词多义一词多义relate一词多义一词多义consume熟词生义熟词生义正式用语正式用语broad一词多义一词多义distinguish一词多义一词多义charge根据词源可知，根据词源可知，charge名词的词源义是名词的词源义是“负荷负荷”，在，在此基础上衍生出各层释义。此基础上衍生出各层释义。charge和和car（车）同源，来自拉丁语（车）同源，来自拉丁语carrus（一种两轮货车，即装载货物的车），由这（一种两轮货车，即装载货物的车），由这个拉丁语衍生而来的单词都跟个
7、拉丁语衍生而来的单词都跟“装载、承载装载、承载”有关，比如有关，比如cargo（货物），（货物），carriage（马车；（马车；客车车厢），客车车厢），carry（携带；搬运），（携带；搬运），career（职业）以及（职业）以及charge。词源解读词源解读 U 主管；负责：主管；负责：in charge(of sth):Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please?2009 全国 in/under sbs charge:The files were left in your charge.take
8、charge of:Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?2010 安徽 charge n C&U 费用；价钱：费用；价钱：Delivery is free of charge.C 指控；罪名：指控；罪名：She was arrested on the charge of theft.Police dropped the charges against him because of insufficient evidence.C&U 电荷；电量：电荷；电量：on charge a positive/negat
9、ive charge vt&vi（向（向）收费；开价：）收费；开价：charge(sb/sth)for sth:I wonder how much you charge for your services.2009 安徽 charge sb sth(for sth):The restaurant only charged me$40(for wine).charge v vt 指控；控告：指控；控告：charge sb with(doing)sth:She is charged with murdering her husband.vt&vi（给（给）充电：充电：He had forgotte
10、n to charge his phone.vi&vt（向向）冲；进攻：冲；进攻：When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole,they wait patiently and can charge at any second.【词汇拓展词汇拓展】charger n C 充电器充电器 负荷负荷（基本义）（基本义）charge罪名的罪名的负荷负荷金钱的金钱的负荷负荷责任的责任的负荷负荷 负责负责 费用费用 指控指控电荷的电荷的负荷负荷 电量电量charge语义网络图语义网络图n（向（向）收费；开价收费；开价 指控；控告指控；控告（给（给）充
11、电）充电（向（向）冲；进攻冲；进攻v外国人在中国居住和工作，需要有居留许可证（residence permit）、就业证（employment permit）。如果你在外国留学期间工作，也需要有许可证。residence permit 居留许可证居留许可证employment permit 就业证就业证permit&permission同根词：同根词：admit:ad-(to 去)+mit(to let go,send 放行，送)容许进入 commit:com-(together 一起)+mit(to send 送)将人送去承担义务等 （使）承担义务；（使）作出保证 transmit:tran
12、s-(across 越)+mit(to send 送)输送；传送permit 词源解读词源解读per-(through 通过)+mit(to send 送)送其过去使通过 许可；准许permit v 正式用语正式用语 vt 许可；准许许可；准许 to allow sth to happen or sb to do sth 反反 forbid Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.2013 天津 permit sb sth:Please permit me a few words.permit s
13、b to do sth:He permitted me to retake the test,and I pulled my grade to an A.vi&vt（使）成为可能：（使）成为可能：Ill pick you up at the airport if time permits.Well start tomorrow,weather permitting(=if the weather is good enough).Cash machines permit you to withdraw money at any time.注：注：permit 和 allow的用法相似，permi
14、t是正式用语；指天气、时间等客观因素允许时，只能用permit。permit n C 许可证；执照：许可证；执照：a residence/parking permitpermission n C 许可；准许：许可；准许：ask permissionHe entered the room without permission.With your permission,Id like to talk to your son alone.permission to do sth:Give yourself permission to rest when youre tired.2010 安徽注意动词
15、和名词注意动词和名词发音不同发音不同Ao Bing can relate to Ne Zha,because they have similar experiences.relaterelate v 常与常与to连用连用 vt&vi（使）互有关联（使）互有关联(connect)：The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.vt 正式用语正式用语 叙述；讲：叙述；讲：He related how the accident happened.vi 理解；认同：理解；认同：I love tec
16、hnology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.2011 北京词源解读：词源解读：relate由re-（回）和词根-lat（拿、带）+-e构成。词源义和基本义是“带回带回(carried back)”。带回带回基本义基本义relaterelate 语义网络图语义网络图将一事物将一事物带回带回到到另一事物另一事物带回带回到某种情感到某种情感带回带回到某个话题到某个话题（使）互有关联（使）互有关联 叙述；讲叙述；讲理解；认同理解；认同【词汇拓展词汇拓展】related adj 相关的；有关系的：相关的；有关系的：w
17、ater-related diseases(be)related to 与与有关：有关：The“new four great inventions”are all related to Chinas high-tech innovation.中国新四大发明：高铁、扫码支付、中国新四大发明：高铁、扫码支付、共享单车和网购。共享单车和网购。同族词：同族词：relate,related,relation,relationship,unrelated（不相关的）（不相关的）In this film,the director relates Ne Zhas fate（命运）to Ao Bings.(In
18、 this film,their fates are closely related.)Ne Zha and Ao Bing become friends because they can relate to each other.The film relates how Ne Zha changes his fate.There are many characters in the film,and I like Ne Zha best.Most people refer to him as a demon（恶魔）,but he says“Im the master of my own fa
19、te!Im the one who decides,if Im an immortal（名垂千古的任务）or demon!”Another character I am fond of is Ao Bing,who is Ne Zhas friend.Ao Bing can relate to Ne Zha because they have similar experiences.From this film,I think people should treat each other without prejudice（成见）and if others misunderstand you,
20、be yourself,and do the right thing.同理心同理心 empathy勇敢的心勇敢的心 a brave heart词源解读：词源解读：con-(表示强调)+sume(to take 拿)完全拿走 消耗consume vt 消耗；消费；耗费消耗；消费；耗费：Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US.2020 全国Looking after the children,cooking and cleaning are time-consuming.2008 四川改正式
21、用语吃；喝正式用语吃；喝：He consumed all the cookies.【词汇拓展词汇拓展】consumer n C 消费者；用户；客户消费者；用户；客户consumption n U 消费（量）；消耗（量）消费（量）；消耗（量）consume正式用语，用于较正正式用语，用于较正式的文体和场合式的文体和场合 正式用语与非正式用语正式用语与非正式用语用膳吃饭用膳吃饭distinguish v vi&vt 区别；辨认；使有别于 to recognize the difference between two things or people：distinguish between good
22、 and evil Speech distinguishes man from the animals.vt 使杰出；使显出特色 to do sth which causes you to be noticed and admired：He distinguished himself by winning 4 prizes.vt不用于进行时看清；认出；听出(make out)distinguished adj 卓越的；杰出的词源解读：dis-(apart 分开)+-sting(刺、做标记)分开标记 区别；辨认区别；辨认区别；辨认基本义基本义distinguishdistinguish 语义网络
23、图语义网络图区别区别（某事物）（某事物）通过（听觉、视通过（听觉、视觉等）进行觉等）进行区别区别以（某一特征、以（某一特征、特色）进行特色）进行区别区别 区别；辨区别；辨认；使有别于认；使有别于 使杰出；使使杰出；使显出特色显出特色 看清；认出；看清；认出；听出听出看图猜词surround围绕 包围；环绕；围困：To some,happiness is being surrounded by familyand friends.Surround yourself with uplifting individuals whochallenge you to be better.2016 浙江 与
24、紧密相关：some issues surrounding alcohol abusesurround vt【词汇拓展】surrounding adj 只用于名词前 周围的(nearby)：the surrounding scenerysurroundings n 用复数 周围的事物；环境 everything that is near or around you(environment)：At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.broad broadband宽带宽带 宽阔的；广阔的宽阔的；广阔的 反反 narrow：a b
25、road street a broad smileHe was tall,with broad shoulders and a beard.2013 全国 广泛的广泛的 反反 narrow：Students here study a broad range of subjects.概括性的；粗略的：概括性的；粗略的：She showed us the broad outline of a new project.in broad daylight 在光天化日之下在光天化日之下broad adj基本义基本义范围范围宽的宽的内容内容宽的宽的，不追求细节的，不追求细节的两者都有“宽的宽的”之意。br
26、oad 带有主观意向，不可丈量。常用来形容身体部位，如肩、胸、额头、背部等。His shoulders were broad and his waist narrow.wide 侧重指从一边到另一边的距离，可以丈量。但也可修饰身体部位如口、眼。Sam has a wide mouth.辨析辨析 broad,wide本单元金句汇总本单元金句汇总1.Delivery is free of charge.2.He related how the accident happened.3.The“new four great inventions”are all related to Chinas hi
27、gh-tech innovation.4.Speech distinguishes man from the animals.5.To some,happiness is being surrounded by familyand friends.6.Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.2016 浙江随堂检测随堂检测一、在横线上写出画线词的汉语释义。一、在横线上写出画线词的汉语释义。_ 1.Admission（门票）is at normal charges and you don
28、t need to book.（2015 全国）_ 2.I agree to his suggestion on the condition that he drops all charges.（2010 辽宁）_ 3.Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.（2011 福建）_ 4.How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?（2009 湖南）_ 5.One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest,t
29、he next,the air was charged with tension（紧张气氛）.（2014 重庆）费用费用撤销指控撤销指控指控；控告指控；控告给给充电充电充满充满charge二、在空白处填入二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词个适当的单词 或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.I wonder if theres a service charge _ our meal.（2011 上海）2.They wanted to charge$5,000 _ the car,but we managed to bring the price down.3.Weve ha
30、d a discussion about whether an entrance fee should _(charge)for parks.forforbe charged三、根据所给提示完成下列句子。三、根据所给提示完成下列句子。1.We also have a swimming pool,which is open all day and _（免费的）.（2007 全国）2.I was appointed to _（负责）arranging all the activities on that day.（2011 天津）free of chargebe in charge of/take
31、 charge of 一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.No pets except fish _(permit)in student rooms.（2015 天津）2.The party will be held in the garden,weather _(permit).（2012 全国改）3.Passengers are permitted _(carry)only one piece of handluggage onto the plane.（2011 天津改）4.I was the first Western TV reporter
32、_(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.（2016 全国）are permitted permitting to carry(to be)permitted permit5.What are you going to do this weekend?It depends.If time _(permit),I may go to Shanghai with my friends.（2012 福建）6.Visitors wishing to leave the Ca
33、stle for refreshments（点心）in the town may obtain re-entry _(permit)from the castleshops.（2010 天津）7.You must ask _(permit)if you want to leave early.二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。1.大厦内禁止吸烟。(permit v)_2.有了捕鱼许可证就可以去钓鱼。(permit n,allow)_permits permits Smoking is not permitted inside the building.A
34、 fishing permit allows you to go fishing.permission relate一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。1.I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.（2011 北京）_2.He later related the whole story to me._二、在空白处填入二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.The chapter relates _
35、 the effects of the Internet on teenagers.2.Wealth is seldom _(relate)to happiness.3.The _(relate)between them is that of teacher and pupil.三、根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。三、根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。Traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations _（与密切相关）public order.(related)（2015 江苏改）to叙述叙述/讲述讲述理解理解relatedre
36、lation/relationshipclosely related to 一、一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Only 27%of the paper we consume is recycled._2.Like it or not,our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money.（2011 安徽）_3.Mary would consume nearly a pound of cheese per day._二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形
37、式。1.Cake-making is a very time _(consume)process.2.The new telephone rates will affect all _(consume)including businesses.3.Gas and oil _(consume)always increases in cold weather.消耗消耗 被被充满充满吃吃consumeconsumingconsumersconsumptiondistinguish写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.I could not distinguish her words,but she
38、sounded excited._2.The light enabled me to distinguish objects in the distance._3.I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing French from Spanish._4.Parents can teach children to distinguish right from wrong,but cannot decide for them._5.The factor that distinguishes this company from the competition
39、 is customer service._看清使脱颖而出区分明辨是非听清一、在空白处填入一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Some light showers have been forecast（预报）since last month,but all of them have been effective in _(surround)areas.（2017 全国）2.I walk in the door and see a brown sofa _(surround)a low glass-top wooden table.（20
40、13 四川）3.When I headed toward the center,I found myself _(surround)by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.（2009 重庆）4.Gates has historically surrounded himself _ smart people,and hes famously thirsty for knowledge.二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子。1.湖边树木环绕。（被动句）_2.我很快适应了新的环境。_surroundingsurr
41、oundingsurroundedwithsurroundThe lake is surrounded by trees.I soon got used to my new surroundings.broad一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.We walked down a broad street lined with trees._2.A broad range issues are discussed._3.I will give you a broad outline of the plan._二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.He greeted them with a wave and _（满面的笑容）.2.The attack happened _（在光天化日之下）,in one of the busiest parts of town.3.Spending a year working in the city helped to _（开阔了他的眼界）宽阔的宽阔的广泛的广泛的概括性的概括性的 /粗略的粗略的 a broad smile in broad daylight broaden his horizons谢谢谢谢观观赏赏
