1、专题七形容词和副词第一节形容词和副词词义辨析河北五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.形容词辨析2.副词辨析3.混合辨析考查点年份题号选项设置分值形容词词义辨析201942different/similar/large/small1分201828clever/brave/funny/careful1分39wide/safe/smooth/thick1分42hopeful/comfortable/valuable/successful1分201728patient/lucky/possible/traditional1分40lazy/noisy/hungry/sleepy1分44helpful/ha
2、rmful/peaceful/painful1分201631sweet/lucky/strange/funny1分46bored/tired/hungry/thirsty1分201530thankful/careful/useful/helpful1分41heavy/full/much/long1分78asleep1分副词词义辨析201935still/always/already/almost1分38Easily/Finally/Safely/Quickly1分201743quietly/proudly/politely/suddenly1分201643busily/quickly/brav
3、ely/suddenly1分201533mainly/really/possibly/hardly1分形容词、副词转换201979deeply(deep)1分201874happily(happy)1分201774carefully(careful)1分201678easily(easy)1分201577safely(safe)1分河北中考单项选择、完形填空主要涉及形容词和副词的词义辨析，且侧重在语境中的运用，而且更多的为形容词词义的辨析。词语运用则侧重考查形容词转化为副词。预测2020年河北中考的单项选择和完形填空必定考查23题形容词和副词词义辨析。词语运用会考查1题形容词、副词转换。河北中
4、考重难点突破一、单项选择。( C)1.(2019南通中考改编)I hear people can pay for almost everything by Alipay(支付宝) in China.Actually，its_that people often go shopping without taking any paper money.Aimportant BimpossibleCsurprising Dnecessary( B)2.(2019盐城中考)You need not only talent but also hard work to become a_football pl
5、ayer.Ayoung BsuccessfulChappy Dfriendly( B)3.(2019日照中考)Just be_；you cant lose your weight in a day.Acareful Bpatient Chonest Dbrave( B)4.(2019滨州中考)Confucius Institute(孔子学院) has been set up in many other countries.Yes，Chinese is_spoken in those countries. I am proud of that as a Chinese.Ahardly Bwide
6、lyCnever Dseldom ( D)5.(2019盐城中考)_say that English is too difficult for us to learn. We can learn it well with efforts.AAlways BSometimesCSeldom DNever( D)6.(2019日照中考)The teacher changed my seat to the front so that I could see the words on the blackboard_.Anearly BhardlyCclosely Dclearly二、用括号内所给单词的
7、适当形式填空。1Robinson Crusoe(鲁滨逊漂流记) by Daniel Defoe is _widely_(wide) read by teenagers in our city.2We are supposed to read _quietly_(quiet) in the library.3Change4 landed _successfully_(successful) on the far side of the moon on January 3，2019.【满分点拨】一、形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1作定语，放
8、在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。注意：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如：alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。2作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。3作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。二、某些形容词说明事物
9、间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化，如same，different，southern，northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。三、副词的作用、构成、分类和位置1副词的作用副词是表示行为特征或状态特征的词。主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：Sometimes were very busy.有时候我们非常忙。2副词的构成构成例词与形容词同形low；fast；late；early；much；deep；little；hard；only；back；ju
10、st；well；enough形容词后直接加lysadsadly；politepolitely辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，改y为i再加lyhappyhappily；angryangrily；busybusily辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加ysimplesimply；gentlegently；terribleterribly少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加lytruetruly注意：(1)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词，如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。(2)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加ly，意义有区别。
11、常见的有：词汇含义词汇含义closeadj./adv.靠近closelyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高highlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免费的(地)；自由的(地)freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚；迟latelyadv.近来deepadj./adv.深deeplyadv.深刻/深入地(2019、79)nearadj./adv.邻近nearlyadv.几乎/将近hardadj./adv.努力hardlyadv.几乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.宽阔widelyadv.广泛地3.副词的分类和位置分
12、类位置例词时间副词一般放在句尾，也可放在句首now现在；then那时；today今天；tomorrow明天；yesterday昨天；before以前；ago之前；soon很快；once曾经，以前；at first首先；at last最后；just now刚才；at once立刻，马上频度副词(10年3考)行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后twice两次；daily每天；weekly每周；every day每天；every week每周；every month每月；always总是；usually通常；often经常；sometimes有时；seldom不常；hardly几乎不；nev
13、er(2013、52；2012、51)从不；all the time(2015、47)一直地点副词一般放在句尾here这儿；there那儿；upstairs楼上；downstairs楼下；everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方续表分类位置例词方式副词一般放在动词(及其宾语)之后，也可放在动词之前well好地，优质地；badly坏地，劣质地；fast快速地；hard艰难地，努力地；happily快乐地；loudly大声地；luckily幸运地；politely礼貌地；quickly快速地；safely安全地；slowly缓慢地程度副词(仅2019、2011考)放在被修饰的形容词或
14、副词前，情态动词或助动词之后；enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置only(2011、51)仅仅；quite相当，完全，十分；rather相当，颇；very非常；pretty相当；too太；so如此；enough足够；even甚至；nearly几乎；almost几乎；差不多(2019、35)疑问副词疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句，通常置于句首疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等关系副词用来引导定语从句，放在句中when，where，why四、形容词和副词辨析1形容词词义辨析近10年河北中考对形容词词义辨析的考查主
15、要体现在单选和完形中，并且越来越注重其在具体语言环境下的运用。一般来说，可分为下列四种情况：(1)同类形容词辨析(必考)常见的有：人物描述类(如funny，quiet，noisy，lucky，lazy，friendly，active，brave，crazy，clever，cute，careful，confident等)、情感描述类(如tired，angry，bored，excited，hopeful，painful，surprised，sorry，pleased，proud，worried，thankful等)、物品描述类(如good，boring，big，long，difficult，mea
16、ningful等)和其他类(如heavy，fast，helpful，special，useful等)。(2)词义相对类形容词辨析(10年4考)常见的有：goodbad，samedifferent，smallbig，cheapexpensive/dear，dirtyclean，easydifficult，freebusy，quietnoisy等。(3)以ful结尾的形容词辨析(2015、30)常见的有：thankful，careful，useful，helpful，painful，awful，beautiful，careful，harmful，hopeful，wonderful，successf
17、ul，peaceful等。(4)形容词短语辨析(2011、54)常见的有：be different from，be surprised at，be interested in，be worried about，be thirsty for，be proud of等。2副词词义辨析近10年河北中考对副词词义辨析的考查主要体现在完形上。其中，以ly结尾的副词辨析10年5考，频度副词辨析10年3考，程度副词分别在2019、2011年考过一次，其他类副词均未考查过。因此，学生在复习时，需有重点地、针对性进行复习。3形容词和副词混合辨析河北中考中有很多形容词和副词形式相近的词。此类混合考法是河北中考试题
18、的亮点。下面将这类最常见的形容词与副词加以归纳，以帮助学生区别它们的不同含义与用法，并能在实践中灵活地运用。(1)easy adj.容易的easily adv.容易地；轻松地(2010、29)Its easy to finish this task.完成这项任务很容易。That can be done easily.那很容易办到。(2)slow adj.慢的；(生意)清淡的slowly adv.缓慢地；慢吞吞地Business was rather slow last month.上个月生意不太景气。He slowly walked up the path.He walked up the p
19、ath slowly.Slowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。(3)clear adj.清楚的；明白的；清晰的clearly adv.清楚地；明白地；清晰地My colleagues and I have a clear understanding of our roles.我和我的同事们对我们的角色都有清楚的认识。He spoke so clearly that I could hear every word.他说得很清楚，我可以听到每一个字。(4)close adj.紧密的；亲密的；亲近的closely adv.紧密地；仔细地，细心地Lily and
20、I are close friends.我和莉莉是知己。The little baby was closely looked after by her.这个小婴儿被她细心照料着。(5)hard adj.坚硬的；困难的hardly adv.几乎不Tom thinks that it is hard to learn English well.汤姆认为学好英语很难。He can hardly speak English，can he？他不太会说英语，对吧？(6)most adj.最多的；大多数的mostly adv.主要地；大部分；在大多数场合Most of us agreed to his pl
21、an.我们大多数人都同意他的计划。You mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要听和阅读。(7)near adj.近的；亲密的nearly adv.几乎；差不多My home is near the school.我家离学校很近。You spend nearly half of your life on your job.你将几乎半生的时间投入到你的工作中。(8)quick adj.快的；急速的quickly adv.快地；急速地Be quick，or we will be late.快点，要不然我们就迟到了。You must deal with the si
22、tuation quickly.你必须快速解决这种局面。(9)useful adj.有用的；有益的；有帮助的usefully adv.有用地；有效地There is something useful.这儿有一些有用的东西。The money can be used usefully to help him.这笔钱用来帮助他会非常有价值。(10)bad adj.坏的；不好的；严重的badly adv.不令人满意地；严重地I think it is a very bad article.我认为那是一篇低劣的文章。The whole project was badly managed.整个项目管理不
23、善。(11)careful adj.仔细的；小心的carefully adv.仔细地；小心地Lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.莉莉如此小心以至于她的作文中没有任何错误。He put the glass down carefully.他小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。河北中考考点精练单项选择。( C)1.(2019海南中考改编)Mr. Blacks speech is_. It helps us have a better understanding of life.Asilly Bawful Cexcellent
24、 Dbad( B)2.(2019邢台一模)_ do you think the little girl is crying?She could be crying for her mother.AHow BWhyCWho DWhose( D)3.(2019扬州中考)Tan Dun does not use any musical instruments in his music Water.Thats really amazing！He is so_.Aenergetic BmodestCserious Dcreative( A)4.(2019连云港中考)While watching the
25、film yesterday，I couldnt stop laughing at some_moments.Ahumorous BchallengingCdangerous Dsurprising( C)5.(2019东营中考)I hear you have just finished making the flash mob(快闪) My Motherland and Me?Thats true.It is really a _ way to show our love for our country.Atraditional BhumorousCwonderful Dboring( A)
26、6.(2019孝感中考)How do you like this plan?_！Its just what Ive been expecting.APerfect BTerribleCMeaningless DAwful( A)7.(2019包头中考)It is well worth the effort，and the sunrise is _ beautiful.Atruly Bmainly Chardly Dnearly( B)8.(2019菏泽中考改编)Be more_next time，and you wont make the same mistake again.Acareles
27、s BcarefulCnervous Dspare( D)9.(2019东营中考)To create a more_space，eating or drinking on the subway in Beijing is not allowed.Arelaxing BpersonalCuncrowded Dcomfortable( A)10.(2019辽阳中考)Although our plane met with a storm，it landed _.Asafely BsuddenlyCsecretly Dheavily( B)11.(2019泰州中考) In order to prote
28、ct the environment，all the countries should work_with each other.Aclose Bclosely Cnear Dnearly( B)12.(2019常州中考)In the library，students are required to keep_and move_.Aquiet；quiet Bquiet；quietlyCquietly；quiet Dquietly；quietly( C)13.(2019镇江中考)A black young musician named Sheku KannehMason is_ enough t
29、o show that people of colour can take on any challenge of classical music.Amodest BhumorousCconfident Dcurious( D)14.(2019鄂州中考)If your friend sends you a message to borrow money from you on the Internet，youd better call him_first to make sure of that.Arecently BfinallyChardly Ddirectly( C)15.(2019达州
30、中考)Anny，my mother never gets up late for my breakfast. What about your mother?My mother，_. Mothers in China do more for us children.Atoo BalsoCeither Dneither( A)16.(2019泰州中考)How about the fruit salad?Yummy! It tastes very_. By the way，who made it?Agood Bbad Cwell Dbadly( D)17.(2019秦皇岛海港区一模)Sandy se
31、emed_this morning. Do you know what was wrong?Asatisfied BrelaxedCamazed Dunhappy( B)18.(2019石家庄桥西区毕业班质量检测)Jertys interview with the company was_. He was offered a good job.Aawful BsuccessfulChelpful Dpainful( B)19.(2019邯郸永年区一模)The bag is_. You can put nothing in it.Anew BfullCempty Dexpensive( B)20
32、.(2019唐山路南区一模)We should keep our_information safe when using the Internet.Aspecial BprivateCsimilar Dtraditional( D)21.(2019唐山丰南区一模)My sister is still very_with me because I broke her new pencil box yesterday.Apopular BpleasedChonest Dangry( D)22.(2019唐山开平区一模)John，this crossword is too difficult for
33、 me. I cant work it out.You can go to Jackson for help. Hes very_.Im sure he can do it.Abrave Bserious Cpolite Dclever( C)23.(2019张家口一模)Bill is always_，and he is willing to do the shopping for the old.Alucky BquietChelpful Dpopular( A)24.(2019唐山路北区一模)This is the most beautiful park she has_visited.A
34、ever Byet Cnever Dbeen( B)25.(2019保定三模)I cant hear you _.Something may be wrong with my phone.Acarefully BclearlyCquietly Dslowly第二节形容词和副词比较等级河北五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)2.副词(包括比较级和最高级)考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值形容词比较等级201929形容词比较级easier/harder/higher/slower1分201871形容词比较级busier(busy)1分201732形容词最高级nicer/n
35、icest/happier/happiest1分201680形容词比较级better(good)1分副词比较等级201777副词比较级earlier(early)1分201637副词比较级sooner/faster/later/longer1分河北中考单项选择对形容词和副词比较等级偶有涉及，且偏向形容词的比较等级。语境的设置都会出现一些提示性词语，如：of all，than，in，never，before，I should等。句子的设置多为两个单句，词数为912个。在词语运用题型中，则多涉及到形容词的比较等级。预测2020年河北中考的词语运用题型会涉及一题形容词的比较等级，而单项选择考査形容词
36、、副词的比较等级的可能性较小。河北中考重难点突破单项选择。( B)1.(2019贵港中考)Frank has changed a lot，hasnt he?Yes.He is much _ because he exercises every day.Astrong BstrongerCstrongest Dthe strongest( C)2.(2019绥化中考改编)Bill says，“Robinson Crusoe is _ interesting than Tom Sawyer.”Avery more Bmore muchCmuch more Dmany more( C)3.(2019
37、三黔联考)Does the dish taste as _ as it looks?Awell Bbest Cgood Dbetter( B)4.(2019株洲中考改编)“Actions speak _ than words，” as the saying goes.Aloud Blouder Cloudest Dloudly( C)5.(2019柳州中考改编)Peter studies _ of all the students in his class.Ahard BharderChardest Dhardly【满分点拨】形容词、副词比较等级的构成1规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构
38、成方法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加er，estsmallfastquicksmallerfasterquickersmallestfastestquickest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加r，stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加er，estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母，再加er，esthotbigthinhotterbiggerthinnerhottestbiggestthinnest部分双音节词或多音节词
39、在原级前加more，mostinterestingimportantmore interestingmore importantmost interestingmost important2不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest3.形容词、副词的比较等级的用法句型含义例句Aas原级asB A 与B一样This
40、 book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.这本书和那本书几乎一样厚。Anotas/so原级asBA不如BThis village isnt as/so big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。比较级than比更(两者比较) The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。比较级and比较级(用于单音节词) more and more原级(用于多音节词) 越来越She is growing fatter and fatter.她越来越胖了。Our country is becoming more and
41、 more beautiful.我们的国家正变得越来越美好。the比较级，the比较级越，就越The better I know him，the more I like him.我越了解他，就越喜欢他。less原级than不如(两者比较) This room is less beautiful than that one.这个房间没有那个房间漂亮。the比较级of the two两者中更Jim is the taller of the two.在他们两人中，吉姆更高。比较级thanany other可数名词单数比较级thanthe other可数名词复数比其他任何一个都(比较级结构表示最高级含
42、义)He is taller than any other boy in his class.He is taller than the other boys in his class.他比他班里的任何一个男孩都高。the 最高级of/in比较的范围中最(三者及以上比较) I am the earliest in my class every day.我每天都是我们班最早到的。one of the最高级名词复数最之一(三者及以上比较) This is one of the most expensive cars in the world.这是世界上最贵的车之一。the 序数词最高级名词单数 第
43、几最(三者及以上比较) The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。注意：(1)比较级前可用下列修饰语：even，still，much，a little，a bit，a lot，three times，far等。如：The boy is much taller than before.这个男孩比以前高得多。(2)very，quite，rather，too，enough，so可以修饰原级。如：This trip is very interesting.这次旅行非常有趣。形容词、副词语法失分点规避点拨与针对练失分点1确定所填词为副词，不
