1、版本：新外研版本：新外研单元：选择性必修一单元：选择性必修一 Unit 5(Using language Developing ideas)本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理1.characteristiccharacter(特征，必修一 U3)+-istic(形容词后缀)词块：key/personal characteristics2.declinede-(down 向下)+cline(to bend 弯)向下弯曲 减少；下降意为“拒绝”时是正式用语，对应refuse词块：decline to do sth,decline by3.blame词块：put the blame on,blame st
2、h on sb/sth,blame sth for,be to blame(for sth)4.worldwide合成词：world+wide5.giant源自希腊神话中的巨人族癸干忒斯(gigantes)6.myth近义词：legend7.legend词块：legend has it that =its said that 派生词：legendary8.detectde-(不、非)+-tect(to cover 掩盖)不再被掩盖 察觉、发现派生词：detective9.pesticidepest(n 害虫)+-cide(killer 杀手)10.root基本义：根名词动词化词块：be roo
3、ted in11.link一词多义，基本义“环；节”词块：a link between.and.,link.to/with12.cybercrime合成词：cyber(网络、计算机)+crime(犯罪活动)重重难难点点词词精精讲讲decline一词多义一词多义正式用语与正式用语与非正式用语非正式用语抽象名词具体化抽象名词具体化blame搭配义搭配义characteristicbe+形容词形容词+to结构结构detectrootlink熟词生义熟词生义一词多义一词多义辨析义辨析义一词多义一词多义characteristicTo realize the Chinese dream,we must
4、stay on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.为实现中国梦，我们必须坚持中国特色特色社会主义道路。characteristic n C常用复数特征；特色；特点：常用复数特征；特色；特点：Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.2019 江苏key/personal characteristics adj 特有的；典型的：特有的；典型的：Sunny,hot days are the characteristic weather of the su
5、mmer months.词源解读：词源解读：character(特征，必修一特征，必修一 U3)+-istic(形容词后缀形容词后缀)character 指指“性格性格”An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character;however,they are not always permanent.personality 指指“个性；人格个性；人格”Peoples clothes are often an expression of their personalities.characteristi
6、c 指指“特征；特点特征；特点”Tom was a teenager whose unusual characteristics,excellent memory and a gift for strategy made him ideal to run an organisation.nature 指指“天性；本性天性；本性”The love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature.辨析辨析character,personality,characteristic,nature借助精准借助精准的汉语释的汉语释义辨析。
7、义辨析。declinedeclinedecline看图猜词义看图猜词义减少；下降减少；下降拒绝拒绝v vi 减少；下降：减少；下降：The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10%last year.vi 衰退；衰落：衰退；衰落：Our brain can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons.2020 浙江decline 由“de-（向下）+-cline（弯；转开）”构成，词源义为“向下弯曲”，即“下降；降落”。decline词源解读词源解读 vi&vt 正式用语正式用语 谢绝；拒绝谢
8、绝；拒绝(refuse)：We offered to give Sharon a ride home,but she declined.2020 天津Mary declined Jays invitation to dinner.decline to do sth:In spite of many invitations,he would always decline to visit Oxford.2012 山东n C&U 减少；下降；衰退；衰落：减少；下降；衰退；衰落：the economic decline There is a sharp decline in population.比
9、比refuse正式正式decline 语义网络语义网络图图decline下降下降基本义基本义趋势趋势“下降下降”“下降下降”别人的邀请别人的邀请数量数量“下降下降”谢绝；拒绝谢绝；拒绝 减少；下降减少；下降衰退；衰落衰退；衰落vn减少；下降；减少；下降；衰退；衰落衰退；衰落正式与非正式用语是指在特定的文体中使用不同语言。正式文体中通常使用正式用语，包括书面语、正式场合用语，如演讲、论文、报告、通知等。非正式文体中通常使用非正式用语，包括日常用语、随意场合用语，如家庭谈话、朋友交流等。区分正式与非正式用语对于学生书面表达和日常表达都有指导意义，能有效提升学生在不同场合下使用不同词语的能力。正式正
10、式(formal)与非正式与非正式(informal)用语用语 Informal/Neutral（中性）（中性）Formal照亮街道照亮街道light up the street1._the street结束调查结束调查end an investigation2._ an investigation告知某人某事告知某人某事tell sb about sth3._ sb of/about sth下降下降(v)decrease/fall4._拒绝做某事拒绝做某事5._ to do sthdecline to do sth在运动中在运动中be movingbe in 6._组成组成make up7.
11、_允许某人做某事允许某人做某事8._ sb to do sthpermit sb to do sth正式用语与非正式用语正式用语与非正式用语 illuminate concludeinform decline refuse motioncomposeallowA JokeTeacher:Betty,you made so many mistakes in your exercises,surely your mother will blame you!Betty:Blame me for them?Oh,no.On the contrary,she is to blame,because it
12、 was she that did my homework instead.vt 责备；把责备；把归咎于归咎于 to say or think that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad:Youve failed to do what you were expected to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.2010 四川 blame sb/sth for(doing)sth:While we cant change the body type we are born with,we cant blame ou
13、r genes for making us fat.2014 重庆Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation,you are a loser.2010 广东blame blame sth on sb/sth:Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.【常见搭配常见搭配】be to blame(for sth)（对某事对某事）负有责任负有责任：Its all my fault.Im to blame.Who is
14、to blame for the fire?n U（对错误对错误 /坏事应负的坏事应负的）责任；责备责任；责备 responsibility for a mistake or sth bad：take/bear the blame Where does the blame for our failure lie?Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.2017 全国同义异构：同义异构：be responsible fordetect词源解读：词源解读：de
15、-(不、非不、非)+-tect(to cover 掩盖掩盖)不再被掩盖不再被掩盖 察觉、发现察觉、发现同根词同根词protect：pro-(before 在在前面前面)+tect(to cover 掩盖、掩护掩盖、掩护)在前面掩护在前面掩护 保护保护detectvt 察觉；发现；侦查出：察觉；发现；侦查出：Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.【词汇拓展词汇拓展】detective n C 侦探：侦探：a detective storyprivate detectiveroot注：注：root 由植物等的由植物等的“根根”，衍生
16、到问题的，衍生到问题的“根源根源”。tree roots 树根树根root words 词根词根root cause 根本原因根本原因root n C 根；根源；起源；词根：根；根源；起源；词根：tree rootsMoney is often said to be the root of all evil.After 20 years in America,he still feels his roots are in China.Modern pop music has its roots in the folk songs of black Americans.Words often c
17、ome from the same root.vi&vt（使）生根；（使）扎根：（使）生根；（使）扎根：With mothers words deeply rooted in my soul,I never doubted we would succeed.root up 连根拔起连根拔起名词动词化名词动词化根据所给汉语，在空白处填入适当的短语。根据所给汉语，在空白处填入适当的短语。1.Scientists have established a possible _ _（癌症和日常饮食之间的联系）.2.The problems of the economy _ _（与一些社会问题密切相关）.c
18、onnection/linklinkbetween cancer and dietare closely related to/connected with/linked to/with/relationship 环；节环；节 联系；关联联系；关联 (connection)：Is there a link between smoking and lung disease?（交通、沟通的）连接线；（互联网的）链接：（交通、沟通的）连接线；（互联网的）链接：a rail/road/telephone link link vt 连接；联系连接；联系(connect)：He walked with h
19、er,linking arms.link.to/with 把把连接连接 /联系起来联系起来:A subway line will link the airport to the city centre.Yellow is linked with confidence,self-respect and friendliness.link n C link 语义网络语义网络图图连接人和人、物和物的“环；节”链状物上连接在一起的“环；节”连接交通、沟通的“环；节”连接互联网的“环；节”环节环；节环；节link（基本义）（基本义）nv联系；关联（交通、沟通的）连接线（互联网的）链接连接；联系“be+形
20、容词形容词+to”结构结构用用“be+形容词形容词+to”的结构完成下列句子。的结构完成下列句子。1.The verbal expression“OK”_（源于）the United States and was formed in support of the letter O indicating that something was as perfect as a circle.2.The custom of setting fireworks off at the Spring Festival _（是特有的）China.3.To give happiness to others _（
21、相当于）the double happiness.is native tois unique tois equal to4.When doing volunteer work,we need to _（对敏感）the physically and mentally handicapped,the homeless,the elderly and orphans（孤儿）.（2014 广东改）5.I _（对感激）all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.（2015 安徽）6.Generally,stud
22、ents inner motivation with high expectations from others _（对是必不可少的）their development.（2013 江苏）be sensitive toam grateful/thankful tois essential to抽象名词具体化抽象名词具体化在空白处填入在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.It is _ disgrace that you quarrel with a little girl.2.A man can fail many times,but he
23、isnt _ failure until he begins to blame someone else.3.One of NASAs major _(concern)about astronauts is how they can remain healthy for long in space.（2015 湖北）4.Everyone agreed that climate change is _ threat.5.No one can deny that it is _ delight to watch her dancing skills with natural grace.aacon
24、cernsaa不可数的抽象名词可用来表示不可数的抽象名词可用来表示可数的人或物可数的人或物，即，即“抽象名词具体化抽象名词具体化”。此时，名词的数和词义都发此时，名词的数和词义都发生变化。表示抽象的概念时，前面不用冠生变化。表示抽象的概念时，前面不用冠词；表示具体的一个人或一件事时，前面通常用不定冠词。词；表示具体的一个人或一件事时，前面通常用不定冠词。6.If you watch my _(motion)carefully you will see how the trick is performed.7.Robert will place _ announcement in the per
25、sonal column（专栏）of The Daily Telegraph（每日电讯报）.motionsan本单元金句汇总本单元金句汇总1.Sunny,hot days are the characteristic weather of the summer months.2.The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10%last year.3.In spite of many invitations,he would always decline to visit Oxford.2012 山东4.There is a sharp d
26、ecline in population.5.Its all my fault.Im to blame.6.Money is often said to be the root of all evil.7.Yellow is linked with confidence,self-respect and friendliness.随堂检测随堂检测characteristic一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society._2.This
27、 pattern is characteristic of the local architecture._二、在空白处填入单词二、在空白处填入单词character的正确形式。的正确形式。Personal _,such as age,sex and marital（婚姻的）status are taken into account.特有的；典型的特有的；典型的特征特征characteristics一、在空白处填入一、在空白处填入1 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.The super star declined _(interview v).2.T
28、hey encourage kids to politely decline _(do)things that they believe are wrong.（2014 江苏）3.Scientists estimate that shark populations in the north-west Atlantic Ocean have declined _ an average of 50%since the early 1970s.4.In the US,the monthly decline _ vehicle sales accelerated（加快）for the last thr
29、ee months,falling 41%in February from a year earlier.to be interviewed to do declinebyin二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1.I _（已经婉言谢绝了他们的提议）to exhibit some of my paintings in this gallery.（2014 上海）2.Many older people dont begin to experience _（身体的衰弱和智力的下降）until after age 75.（2015 广东）3.Chimps（黑猩猩）in the
30、 wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly _（拒绝分享食物）with their children.（2016 江苏）4.A company whose profits from home markets _（在迅速下降）may seek opportunities abroad.（2014 山东改）have declined their offer physical and mental declinedecline to share food are declining fast/rapidlyblame一、在空
31、白处填入一、在空白处填入1 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Now he has no one but himself to blame _ losing the job.（2014 江西）2.The mother didnt know who _(blame)for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.3.Some people lay the blame _ the Americans,complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to
32、eating too much American-style fast food.（2013 湖北改）4._(blame)for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.5.Joe is proud and stubborn（固执的）,never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else _(blame).（2014 浙江）for(was)to blameonBlamedto blame二、将下列句子译成汉语。二、将下列句
33、子译成汉语。1.The report blames poor safety standards for the accident._ 2.One of the computers is broken and she is blaming it on me._3.Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire._报告把事故归咎于安全标准不高。报告把事故归咎于安全标准不高。有一台计算机坏了，她正怪罪于我。有一台计算机坏了，她正怪罪于我。政府官员认为，可能不止一人对火灾负有责任。政府官员认为，可能不止一
34、人对火灾负有责任。detect一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Mistakes should be corrected as soon as detected._2.Amy could detect a certain sadness in the old mans face._3.We are trying to detect and understand how the climates change._二、在空白处填入单词二、在空白处填入单词detect的正确形式。的正确形式。1.Most skin cancers are complete
35、ly curable if _ early.2.Sherlock Holmes（福尔摩斯探案集）is British _ fiction written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.detective发现发现探测探测detected察觉察觉root一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Tree roots drink a lot of water,so remember to water what you plant._2.“Press”is the root of“impress”,“express”,“depress”and
36、“pressure”._3.We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.（2015 天津）_4.Desert elephants seldom root up trees and break fewer branches,and thus maintain what little food sources are available._二、根据所给词块，将下面句子译成英语。二、根据所给词块，将下面句子译成英语。爵士乐起源于美国南部各州的民歌。(has its roots in sth)_树根树根连根拔起连根拔
37、起Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US.词根词根根源根源link一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.There are a number of links between the two theories._2.We click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.（2012 湖北）_3.Linking arms wit
38、h one of the instructors（教练）,I helped carry the drowning man out of the water.（2018 全国改）_二、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。二、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。1.污染和树木枯死之间有关系。(link between)_2.有证据表明心脏病与久坐有关。（2014 上海改）(there is proof that,link.to/with)_链接链接挽臂挽臂联系联系There is a link between pollution and the death of trees.There is proof that heart disease is linked to/with sitting for long periods.谢谢谢谢观观赏赏
