1、UNIT 1Looking forwardsUsing language单元语法 复习动词时态复习动词时态1 一般现在时（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often，always，usually，sometimes，seldom，every day 等。He often participates in after-class activities.他经常参加课外活动。（2）表示现在的情况或状态。She lives in a small apartment.她住在一套小公寓里。（3）表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。The sun rises in the eas
2、t and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败。（4）表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作。The plane takes off at 4 p.m.飞机下午4 点起飞。（5）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。Ill tell her when she comes tomorrow.她明天来我就告诉她。语法填空语法填空（1）He （work）as a correspondent in China Daily.（2）She （go）to visit her grandparents twice a month.（3）
3、This job （call）for great patience.（4）Light （travel）faster than sound.（5）A bird in the hand （be）worth two in the bush.（6）The train （arrive）at 10：30.There is plenty of time.（7）He wont put off the appointment unless it （rain）heavily tomorrow.worksgoescallstravelsisarrivesrains2 现在进行时（1）表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与n
4、ow，right now，at this moment，at present 等时间状语连用。It is snowing outside.外面正在下雪。（2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。Nancy is writing a book about herself.南希在写一部关于她自己的书。（3）表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或马上就要发生的动作。能这样用的动词有go，come，leave，arrive，begin，stop 等。The Browns are coming to dinner.布朗夫妇要来吃饭。Keep calm，please.Im arriving.请保持镇静，我马上就到。（4）
5、现在进行时与always，forever，constantly 等连用时，常带有不满、厌烦或赞扬等感情色彩。He is constantly disturbing me.他总是不停地打扰我。She is always helping others.她总是爱帮助别人。语法填空语法填空（1）Look at the picture.The children （fly）kites in the park.（2）Lindas brother （watch）TV in his bedroom now.（3）These days we （help）the farmers on the farm.（4）Loo
6、k!The bus （come），so we must hurry up.完成句子完成句子（5）He （总是得第一名）in his class.（6）He （总是问同样的问题）.are flyingis watchingare helpingis comingis always getting the first placeis always asking the same question3 一般过去时（1）表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。He passed up a good chance to get promoted last year.去年他错失了一个升职的好机会。（2）
7、表示过去某一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was in college，I often went to the school library.当我上大学时，我经常去校图书馆。（3）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到关于他的任何消息，他们就通知我们。【误区警示误区警示】有些句子虽然没有明确表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，也要用一般过去时。I didnt know you were in Paris.
8、我不知道你在巴黎。语法填空语法填空（1）He （smoke）many cigarettes a day until he gave up.（2）When I was a child，I （play）football nearly every day.（3）He （work）in America for four years and now he is working at home.（4）He （go）to Japan ten years ago to look for his parents.（5）Three years ago，he （write）a detective novel，whi
9、ch became a hit.（6）She said she would come if I （promise）to wait for her.smokedplayedworkedwentwrotepromised4 过去进行时（1）表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。When I saw him he was reading a historical novel.当我看见他的时候，他正在读一本历史小说。We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上7 点到9 点我们在看电视。（2）表示过去将要发生的动作。能这样用的动词
10、有go，come，leave，start 等。He told us he was leaving for Beijing the next day.他告诉我们他第二天要去北京。（3）用于含“was/were doing+when+一般过去时”的句子中，表示“一个动作正在进行，这时另一个动作发生了”。Tom was reading a book in his study when his sister came in.汤姆正在书房看书时，他妹妹进来了。语法填空语法填空（1）We （have）supper when the phone rang.（2）This time yesterday Jac
11、k （watch）TV at home.（3）James has just arrived，but I didnt know he （come）until yesterday.（4）Barry （clean）his car while I was cooking.（5）Jack （write）a novel last year，but I dont know if he has finished it.（6）He noticed that the film （start）in ten minutes.were havingwas watchingwas coming was cleaningw
12、as writingwas starting5 现在完成时（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already，just，yet，before，recently，so far，never 等连用。I have already finished all the work.我已经做完了所有的工作。（2）表示过去的某一动作或状态一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去。常与表示一段时间的状语all the time，all my life，up to now，so far，in the past/last few years，（ever）since then，since last
13、 year，（ever）since，for a long time 等连用。I have lived in this city all my life.我一辈子都住在这个城市。Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the past few years.过去几年，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。They worked together in the 1990s，and have kept in contact ever since.他们在20 世纪90 年代曾一起工作，自那时起就一直保持着联系。语法填空语法填空（1）The manager
14、（leave）.If only you had come a moment earlier.（2）He （work）in this company ever since he graduated from college.（3）They （take）action already to prevent the same thing from happening again.（4）So far，his ambition of becoming a doctor （come）true.（5）In recent years，the number of students who have gone ab
15、road （decrease）sharply.has lefthas workedhave takenhas come has decreased 6 过去完成时（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一“过去时间”可用by，before 等构成的短语及when，before，after，until 等引导的从句表示或通过上下文判断。By nine oclock last night，we had got 200 letters.到昨晚9 点钟，我们已经收到200 封信。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作。常与for，
16、since 构成的表示一段时间的短语或since 引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车终于来了的时候，我在车站已经等了20 分钟。（3）表示“打算、计划、希望、认为”的动词，如hope，wish，plan，want，mean，intend，think 等，用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图。They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本想去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。（4）表示“一就
17、”的hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.句式中，含hardly/scarcely，no sooner 的主句常用过去完成时，且当hardly，scarcely，no sooner 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。She had hardly gone to bed when the doorbell rang.她刚上床睡觉门铃就响了。No sooner had we arrived than it started to rain.我们刚到，天就开始下雨了。语法填空语法填空（1）I （learn）1，000 English words till then.（2
18、）They （plant）six hundred trees before last Wednesday.（3）I thought I （send）the letter a week before.（4）Mr Smith died yesterday.He （be）a good friend of mine.（5）He said he （work）in that factory since 2000.（6）We （hope）to come and see you，but we were too busy.完成句子完成句子（7）When I woke up，it （雨已经停了）.（8）I （已经
19、读完了小说）by nine oclock last night.（9）No sooner （我见到他）than I asked him about the matter.had learnedhad plantedhad senthad beenhad workedhad hopedhad stopped raininghad finished reading the novelhad I seen him 7 现在完成进行时（1）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续下去的动作。此用法中的动词多为延续性动词，并常与all the time，this week，this month，
20、all night，all morning，recently 等状语以及since 或for 引导的状语连用。She has been playing tennis since she was eight.她自8 岁以来就打网球。I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来，我一直在学英语。（2）表示重复的动作。（指断断续续，而非一直不停）You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.出国留学的事你都说了一年了。【学法点拨学法点拨】现在完成时往往强调动
21、作的完成，现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续。He has written a letter.他写了一封信。（已经写好）He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一封信。（仍然在写）语法填空语法填空（1）You know，I （look）for a job for three months，and this is my first formal interview.（2）The little boy is dirty all over because he （play）in the mud all the morning.（3）Here he is!We （wait）an
22、xiously for him since last night.（4）Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School，where she （study）English for a year.（5）She （consider）furthering her studies，but she hasnt decided.have been lookinghas been playinghave been waitinghas been studyinghas been considering8 一般
23、将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示将来某一段时间内反复发生的动作，通常可有几种形式表示。（1）will/shall do 表示将来will/shall do 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示一种倾向或预测。I will come back in ten minutes.我10 分钟后回来。She will be all right after taking the medicine.吃了药后，她就会康复的。（2）be going to do 结构表示将来be going to do 用来表示事先考虑过的将要发生的动作，或已有迹象表明将要发生某事，意为“打算；
24、就要”。We are going to meet outside the school gate.我们打算在校门口见面。It is going to rain soon.很快就要下雨了。（3）现在进行时表示将来表示位置转移的动词（如go，come，leave，start，arrive 等）可用现在进行时表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。They are leaving for Beijing.他们即将前往北京。（4）一般现在时表示将来按照计划或时间表将要发生的动作。The new term starts on September 1st.新学期9 月1 日开学。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一
25、般现在时表示将来。When she comes，I will tell her about it.她来时我会把这件事告诉她。（5）be to do 结构表示将来该结构表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。He is to visit Japan next year.明年他将访问日本。（6）be about to do 结构表示将来该结构表示马上就要发生的动作，不强调主观意图，不能与具体的时间状语连用。Be quiet!The lecture is about to start.安静！讲座马上就要开始了。语法填空语法填空（1）I （go）to visit him next week.（
26、2）There （be）a football match this afternoon.（3）When I grow up，I （be）a nurse and look after patients.（4）Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your seat belts.Our plane （take）off soon.（5）If any beast （come）at you，I will stay with you and help you.（6）The Prime Minister is （speak）on television.完成句子完成句子（7）L
27、ook at the dark clouds.It （要下雨了）.（8）We （马上就走）.（9）Someone is knocking at the door.OK.I （去开门）.will/shall gois going to bewill/shall beis takingcomesto speakis going to rainare about to leavewill answer it选词填空（选词填空（will do/be to do/be going to do）（10）I （teach）him a lesson if he breaks the rule again.（1
28、1）Your assignment （hand）in next Monday.（12）I （see）a film after class this afternoon.will teach is to be handedam going to see9 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。过去将来时与一般将来时类似，除了用would do 表示外，也可以用was/were going to，was/were to do，was/were about to do 及过去进行时等方式表示。I said I
29、 would arrange everything.我说我会安排一切的。I was going to run this morning，but overslept.我本来打算今天早晨跑步的，但睡过头了。Mr Green was leaving for London a few hours later.格林先生几个小时之后就要去伦敦了。语法填空语法填空（1）I didnt know when she （come），but when she came I （let）you know.（2）He said the train （leave）at six the next morning.（3）It seemed as if it （rain）.（4）She was sixty-seven and in three years，she （be）seventy.would comewould letwas leavingwas going to rainwould be
