1、1UNIT 1Face valuesUsing language2022-8-152Subject clausesLook at the sentences and answer the questions.Sentences（a）and（c）are from the reading passage.a .what I say is that my pictures arent hurting anyone，so who cares?b “That my pictures arent hurting anyone is what I say，so who cares?”c Its true t
2、hat inner beauty is very important.d That inner beauty is very important is true.2022-8-1531What is the role of the words in bold in each sentence?2In sentence（a），what does“what”refer to?3 What does“it”refer to in sentence（c）?4 Why does the author choose to use sentences（a）and（c）instead of sentences
3、（b）and（d）?Now look for more sentences with subject clauses in the reading pas-sage，and summarise their uses in your own words.The role of the words in bold in each sentence is to act as the subject of the sentence.In sentence（a），“what”refers to the thing（s）that/which the speaker says.In sentence（c），
4、“it”refers to“that inner beauty is very important”.The author chooses to use sentences（a）and（c）to place the focuson the end of the sentences，rather than the beginning.2022-8-154Now look for more sentences with subject clauses in the reading pas-sage，and summarise their uses in your own words.More se
5、ntences with subject clauses：.isn t it better that Im large and happy，instead of skinny and unhealthy?What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful，but happier，too!2022-8-155It is a well-known fact that/what the faces some people show to the w
6、orld might be completely different to their real personalities.For instance，most comedians have permanent smiles on their faces and always sound cheerful because thats the nature of their work.From this，its impossible to know what/where their true feelings are.Although they might be laughing on the
7、outside，they might be crying on the inside.That/How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about，because its not always obvious who is truly happy.What/That is certain is that comedians often use comedy to help them understand themselves and the world.In fact，comedy is a
8、 very serious job indeed!Read the passage and choose the correct words.2022-8-156Write an introduction to Ma Xu based on the profile.Use three or four subject clauses in your introduction.Ma Xu Ma Xu became a military doctor in 1947.She applied to become a paratrooper in 1961，but her first applicati
9、on failed because there were no female paratroopers at that time.Ma was only 1.53 metres tall and weighed just 37.5 kg.But she learnt to parachute by training hard in secret.After Ma proved that she could jump as well as anyone else，her application was successful.Ma is Chinas first female paratroope
10、r.She completed over 140 parachute jumps over a period of 20 yearsthe most of any female paratrooper.She also set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump，at the age of 51.In 2018，Ma donated her entire life savings to her home town in Mulan County.This donation was to su
11、pport local education and public welfare.Ma Xu is a famous paratrooper.What impress me most are her courage，skill and determination.2022-8-157Think of another famous person and give an introduction to the class.Use three or four subject clauses in the introduction.The scientist I admire most is Tu Y
12、ouyou.What impresses me most is the fact that she tried medicine on herself regardless of her own safety.It is true that she failed many times before she found a cure for malaria.How she achieved success is no secret to us.It is her determination and persistence that make her successful.2022-8-158Sk
13、in deepListen to the speech.Choose the title that best describes the topic and give your reasons.1How to Hide Scars 2Our True Self Lies Within 3The Life Story of Dr Kleck 4The Psychology of Sadness2022-8-159听力文本听力文本Hello，and thank you for coming.The subject of this speech is self-image，that is，your
14、opinion of your own appearance，abilities，and personality.As we know，psychologists often perform experiments to learn more about human character and behaviour.Today，Im going to talk about a psychological experiment from 1991.Its called the Scar Experiment.This experiment was created by a psychologist
15、 called Dr Robert Kleck.First，he found ten volunteers and put each of them into a different room without mirrors.Next，he drew an ugly fake scar on each volunteers face using make-upthe sort of make-up they use in Hollywood films.Then he took out a mirror and showed the volunteers their scars.Next，Dr
16、 Kleck pretended to improve the scars，but actually removed the make-up.So the volunteers thought they had scars，but they didnt.After that，the volunteers were told to go outside，and take note of how people reacted to them.They did this，and came back.They all reported that people were ruder and less k
17、ind to them，and that people stared at their scars.As a result，they felt very uncomfortable.However，they didnt really have scars!The volunteers imagined that other people had changed their behaviour，but actually they had not.As you can see，theres an important lesson here.It doesnt matter how we actua
18、lly lookthe only thing thats important is how we feel about ourselves.2022-8-1510To sum up，who we are is in our heads.Its not how we look on the outside that matters，but how we feel on the inside.If we choose to be happy and positive，then we will feel that way.If we show a happy and positive face to
19、 the world，we will get one back in return.I hope youve enjoyed the speech.Thank you，and remember：your true self lies within.2022-8-1511Basic facts The researcher：Dr Robert Kleck Year：1_ The procedure：2 was drawn on each volunteers face using Hollywood-style make-up.Dr Kleck showed the scars to the v
20、olunteers.He 3 the scars without the volunteers knowing it.The volunteers went outside and noted how people 4 .They thought that people were ruder to them，and less kind.They thought people 5 the scars.FindingsThe volunteers 6 others behaviour towards them.Who we are is in our heads，not 7 .If people
21、choose to feel 8 ，they will actually feel that way.1991 An ugly fake scarremovedreacted to themstared atimagined/misunderstoodhow we look on the outsidehappy and positiveListen again and complete the fact sheet.2022-8-1512Now give a short introduction to the experiment using the information in the f
22、act sheet.Complete the boxes with the expressions from the speech.Today，Im going to talk about.The subject of this speech is.First/Next/Then.After that，.As you can see，.To sum up，.Defining a topic Presenting ideas Concluding Today，Im going to talk about.The subject of this speech is.First/Next/Then.
23、After that，.As you can see，.To sum up，.2022-8-1513Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1What can you learn from the Scar Experiment?2Does your appearance influence how you feel inside?Our true self lies within.Yes/No.2022-8-1514Read the descriptions and match them to the characters from literatur
24、e.Pay attention to the words in bold.1 He is able to transform into various animals and objects.People often regard him as frightful or monstrous，but in fact he is just and righteous.When theres danger，he never hesitates to protect others.2 She is small and her face is plain.Despite a difficult chil
25、dhood，she grows up to be an independent，determined and generous young woman.She remains true to herself and never loses hope in her search for love and happiness.2022-8-1515Read the descriptions and match them to the characters from literature.Pay attention to the words in bold.1 He is able to trans
26、form into various animals and objects.People often regard him as frightful or monstrous，but in fact he is just and righteous.When theres danger，he never hesitates to protect others.2 She is small and her face is plain.Despite a difficult childhood，she grows up to be an independent，determined and gen
27、erous young woman.She remains true to herself and never loses hope in her search for love and happiness.d da a2022-8-1516 3 He has the outward appearance of the King of the Beasts，but he has a timid and sensitive character，which causes him to believe he is a coward.However，he performs brave actions
28、even when he feels afraid，proving that he is in fact a courageous individual.4 He is a thin and bookish boy with untidy dark hair.He doesnt appear to be particularly tough and sometimes looks as if he lacks confidence.In reality，he is brave and loyal，and always ready for a dangerous challenge when i
29、t is necessary to do the right thing.b bc c2022-8-1517Put the words in bold in Activity 9 into the boxes.Add any more you can think of.Appearance PersonalityChoose a character from literature and prepare a speech.Talk about the characters appearance and personality.Work in pairs and make the speech
30、to each other.Now give feedback and talk about whether you have used the words in this Now give feedback and talk about whether you have used the words in this section properly in your speech.section properly in your speech.frightful，monstrous，small，plain，thin，bookish 补充：补充：tall，strong.just，righteou
31、s，independent，determined，generous，timid，sensitive，courageous，tough，brave，loyal 补充：补充：funny，calm.18单元语法单元语法主语从句主语从句在句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词：在从句中不作成分连接代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词：在从句中作状语191 引导主语从句的连接词（1）从属连词：that，whether，if that 在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。That smoking is harmful to
32、 health is known to everyone.吸烟有害健康，这是大家都知道的。whether 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末。而 if 引导的主语从句不能放在句首，只能放在句末。Whether life exists on other planets is not clear yet.其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role.她是否要演这个角色还很难说。20（2）连接代词：who，whom，whose，wh
33、at，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，起连接作用并且有实际意义。Who will bring up the child hasnt been decided yet.谁来抚养这个孩子尚未决定。Which lifestyle is the most beneficial to our health is still unknown.还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。Whoever solves the puzzle can receive the award.无论谁解开这个谜团都可以得到奖赏。Whatever y
34、ou do should do no harm to others.无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。（3）连接副词：when，where，why，how when，where，why，how 在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因和方式，起连接作用并且有实际意义。When we will set off hasnt been decided.我们何时出发还没有决定。Why he spied on me puzzled me for a long time.他为什么监视我这个问题困扰了我很长时间。How he earned his living before is not clear to us
35、.我们不清楚他以前是如何谋生的。21单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）_ colours influence our moods has been proved.（2）_ we will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.（3）_ part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.（4）_ the English evening will be held has not been decided yet.（5）_ surprises me most is that he is too
36、 proud.（6）_ is interested in the activity can sign his name.（7）_ will be in charge of the company is a mystery.（8）_ John was late for class has been unexplained.（9）_ cars will be parked in the future is a question.ThatWhetherWhichWhere/WhenWhatWhoeverWhoWhyWhere22单句语法填空单句语法填空（10）It is very important
37、 _ a student should learn English well.（11）It is a pity _ you missed the film.（12）_ made her happy was that she won the important match.（13）_ breaks the law should be punished.（14）_ role he will play in the film hasnt been known.（15）_ is responsible for the accident is not yet clear.（16）_ our team w
38、ill win the match remains to be seen.（17）_ they are going during their holiday is still being discussed.（18）_ he worked as a volunteer teacher in the west is known to all.thatthatWhatWhoeverWhatWhoWhetherWhereWhy232 用 it 作形式主语的主语从句当主语从句太长时，为了平衡句子结构，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。用it作形式主语的常见句型有：（1）It+be+形容词+that
39、 从句.常用于该句型的形容词有clear，obvious，true，natural，possible，likely，certain，fortunate，strange，necessary，important 等。It is clear that the girl told a lie.很明显，那个女孩说谎了。Its possible that Mira might turn up tonight.米拉今晚可能会来。（2）It+be+名词（词组）+that 从句.常用于该句型的名词（词组）有 a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，n
40、o wonder 等。It is a pity that your parents didnt permit you to go with us.你父母不允许你和我们一起去，真遗憾。Its a wonder that no one got hurt.竟然没有人受伤，真是奇迹。24（3）It+be+过去分词+that 从句.常用于该句型的过去分词有said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，suggested，hoped 等。It is reported that a violent earthquake happened
41、in Japan.据报道，日本发生了强烈地震。【误区警示误区警示】当过去分词是suggested，ordered，required，advised，requested，insisted等表示建议、要求、命令等的词时，主语从句应使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“（should+）动词原形”。It is suggested that the work（should）be done with great care.有人建议，这项工作得特别谨慎地去做。25（4）It+不及物动词（短语）+that 从句.常用于该句型的不及物动词（短语）有seem（看上去），turn out（结果是），happen（碰巧），a
42、ppear（显得）等。It turned out that we were wrong.结果是我们错了。It happened that he was out that day.碰巧他那天不在家。（5）其他句型It doesnt matter whether he likes it or not.他喜不喜欢它都没有关系。It makes no difference whether you support my plan or not.你支不支持我的计划都不重要。It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my purse at home.我突然想起我把
43、钱包落在家里了。26同义句转换（每空一词）同义句转换（每空一词）（1）That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.=_ _ _ _ he suddenly fell ill last month.（2）Whether they will sell the house hasnt been decided yet.=_ _ _ _ _ _ they will sell the house.（3）That light travels in straight lines is known to us all.=_ _ _ _ _ _ _ lig
44、ht travels in straight lines.It surprised us thatIt hasnt been decided yet whetherIt is known to us all that27完成句子完成句子（4）_（很明显）they badly need help.（5）Its a shame _（你没有看那部电影）.（6）_（是否没有关系）you come to the party or not tonight.（7）_（很可惜）you cant attend my birthday party.（8）_（建议）the old man should go to
45、the countryside to have a rest.（9）_（在我看来）you disagree on the plan.（10）_（碰巧）the harvest was bad that year.（11）_（结果是）she was a friend of my sister.Its clear/obvious thatthat you missed the filmIt doesnt matter whetherIts a pity/shame thatIts suggested thatIt seems to me thatIt happened thatIt turned o
46、ut that283 使用主语从句时的注意事项（1）主语从句应用陈述语序Whether he will be in time for the meeting is doubtful.他能否赶上会议还很难说。（2）主谓一致问题 单个从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的数应与作表语的名词一致。When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided yet.我们何时开运动会还没定下来。What astronauts need in the spaceship is oxygen.宇航员在宇宙飞船中
47、需要的是氧气。What the children in the area starve for are books.这个地区的孩子们渴望得到的是书。用and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；用两个或两个以上连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。When they will set off and where they will go have not been decided yet.他们何时动身，要去哪里，都还没定下来。When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.会议将在何时何地举行
48、还没定下来。29 whether引导的主语从句，如果用了形式主语it，引导词whether可以换成if。如果whether从句位于句首或后面跟 or not 时，不能换成 if。It has not been decided yet whether/if he will cut down his novel.=Whether he will cut down his novel has not been decided yet.他是否会删减自己的小说还没决定。I dont know whether or not my son can earn his living.我不知道我儿子是否能自力更生
49、。【用法比较用法比较】whether 与if 引导名词性从句用法用法whether if引导不位于句首的主语从句 引导位于句首的主语从句 引导表语从句、同位语从句 作介词的宾语 直接与 or not 连用 30单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）What surprised me most _（be）that the man in rags was a millionaire.（2）What he needs most _（be）money.（3）When and where the new hospital will be built _（remain）a mystery.（4）That the
50、coal workers are still alive _（be）a wonder.（5）Whoever told you that _（be）lying.（6）Whichever climber gets to the top first _（get）a 5，000 prize.（7）What the famous singer offered her fans _（be）love and kindness.（8）What he chiefly wished for _（be）a chance to explain.wasisremainsiswaswill getwerewas31完成句
